출석 및 과제점검표(재택수업 스스로 점검하기)

학과:행정학과

학번:21905581

주(날짜)	출석(당일)	지각(해당주)	결석(그이후)	과제	비고
1주차(1)	○				수강정정기간
1주차(2)	○				수강정정기간
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7주차(1)	○
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8주차 중간고사
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9주차(2)	○
10주차(1)	○
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11주차(1)	○
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12주차(1)	○
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13주차(1)	○
13주차(2)	○
14주차(1)	○
기말고사
과제1(제출일자)				O	22.10.23
과제2((제출일자)				O	22.12.17
계

이름:이윤노

강의 요약 정리

1주차(1)

Recently, with low birth rates and aging, the number of single-person households living with pets as their families is rapidly increasing. This is a major social problem due to a combination of various factors such as population decline and local extinction.

1주차(2)

Studying is something that other people can use well by using computers and the knowledge in their heads. Reverse subscription is when the state pays the people in exchange for using the people's information. Creativity and mathematics must be studied in any age. The most important thing for a student is that his body and mind are healthy.

2주차(1)

People are constantly moving in a better direction. The era of capitalism should change from a market economy to a reverse subscription economy. Transforming into an untact technology-driven society. If the organizational structure of the logistics industry was a pyramid, information and communication technology has changed to a structure that reduces the intermediate distribution process. COVID-19 acts as an opportunity for structural transformation such as green economy and digital transformation. The social structure makes it difficult for young people to get a job.

2주차(2)

According to a report by the Board of Audit and Inspection, if the current trend continues, all areas of the country will be transformed into extinction risk areas by 2047. We must constantly change. They start their own businesses through youth pensions and data pensions. Our country needs to solve the low birth rate problem. We need to develop our capabilities according to future industries.

3주차(1)

There is mathematics in AI's head. With the recent development of the information society, the administrative area is expanding not only to physical space but also to virtual space. Although urbanization has been materially helpful for 200 years, the damage caused by climate change is also increasing. Cities are created and grown by an economy of economic visual scale and an economy of aggregation. The reason for not farming in the middle of Daegu is that it is not competitive.

3주차(2)

If you think about the difference between the past and the present and compare the difference, the professor says that there is material abundance. Cities are more populous, industrialized, and have more jobs than rural areas. Collectivism is capable of various economic and social activities based on the economy of scale and the economy of aggregation caused by collectivization. The landscape characteristics of cities vary from region to region, but each city creates its own landscape according to social, economic, cultural, and historical characteristics. In order to create a different future from the past, we need to learn more about creativity and morality.

4주차(1)

The west coast is difficult to create an opposite route because of the large difference between the tides. Equal regions refer to the range of homogeneous or homogeneous indicators based on specific indicators. Cities are both production locations and consumption locations for secondary and tertiary industries. The regional structure is empirical and realistic, and the spatial structure focuses on the spatial, causal, and functional relationship between elements. The spatial structure of the city includes not only the arrangement and spatial location of elements, but also geometric characteristics such as patterns, distances, and shapes of elements themselves.

4주차(2)

The concentric circles of housing, work force, but analyze the pattern of land use analysis metrics the one hand, housing, land only be used only as a theory. The larger the size of the city is diverse and specialized features and shape and characteristics are very diverse. Go to the external angle in residential areas in the area slowly. Multi-core the heart of the theory is that multiple cores in one city. Urban Growth in low density, as behavioral preference in apartments if you look at change in the high-density housing type is changed to vertical.

5주차(1)

Residential areas occupy the largest number of areas in urban areas. These areas vary from region to region, but they are around 40%. White people live in residential areas above the average level, and high-income families are located in urban areas in South America, so similar patterns can be seen in Korea. In the urban development stage, transportation and communication technologies can be realized in virtual reality. Population inflows include cheap housing, equal cultural groups, workplace proximity, public transport proximity, personal protection and safety, and outflows include increased inflows, improved social mobility, improved job levels, increased desire for residential spaces, social conflict, and decentralization of employment opportunities.

5주차(2)

This time, I'm going to talk about how cities have changed. In the past, humans wanted stable housing, which formed a residential village. The biggest feature of the Greek city-state is the autonomous city with a democratic nature, embodied in urban planning by the classical democratic system, with urban squares, agora, and grid-shaped street networks. Cities of the future should have a common characteristic of coexistence between virtual and real spaces. To solve this problem, it is necessary to reorganize the city so that it can overcome regional imbalances and grow in a desirable direction. In order to overcome these regional imbalances and grow in a desirable direction, it is necessary to reorganize the regional structure.

6주차(1)

In Korea, urbanization is almost complete, but it is still occurring in terms of function. Korea's urban population was only 850,000 in 1925, but more than 90% of the population lived in the city in the 2000s. The reality is that due to urbanization, appropriate measures are not prepared, leading to transportation, economy, and social problems. It also causes racial, regional, and class problems due to wealth bias.To solve this problem, various urban growth management policies are being studied. Rural areas in these countries are accelerating population migration to large cities due to high fertility rates, low mortality rates, and low population persistence. Various urban problems arise due to the inability to come up with appropriate measures for urban concentration of the unplanned population.

6주차(2)

Urbanization means that the population moves from rural to urban. As more people begin to live, certain towns and cities form, grow bigger, and work in central areas. This means the process that a city forms, or the process that more people live in or use in the area. Urbanization is the proportion of the population living in cities, but urban growth means the number of people, so it is necessary to distinguish urbanization from urban growth. The United Nations has also found that almost everything in the world's population growth has been the case in recent years. From 2017 to 2030, the city will have about 1.1 billion new urbanites over the next period. Urbanization includes urban planning, geography, sociology, architecture, economy, and public health. In some ways, urbanization and urban growth are linked. As cities develop, their effects can include dramatic increases and cost changes.

7주차(1)

The existence of urban heat islands has been increasingly feared for years. Urban heat islands are formed when industrial and urban areas are produced and preserved. Vehicles, factories, industrial and household heating and cooling devices emit much more heat. Urbanization can improve the quality of the environment for many reasons. The occurrence of eutrophication in waters is another big urban effect. Population affects the environment. Eutrophication is a process that causes hypoxia and algal blooms. It can be detrimental to the survival of aquatic organisms. The ocean surface also has the ability to absorb carbon dioxide from the Earth's atmosphere as emissions increase as urbanization increases.

7주차(2)

In this lecture, he gave me information about the assignment.

9주차(1)

In today's lecture, we learned what technology is important to move forward to the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In order for us to move forward to the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the gis information system must be properly established. GIS (Geographic Information System) begins to introduce geographic information necessary for human life. GIS can reach the limits of software and technology, because the science of software can easily reach data information by scouring it. GIS is used in the use of emergency services by fire and police, and is also used in the business field of site location or delivery systems. In addition, it is used in industries such as transportation, communication, and mining, and GIS is also used in governments that manage local, state, and military. We provide the data to the country. However, nothing is provided in return for providing data.  However, this should be combined with a reverse subscription start-up or a youth pension system to pay a certain pension to 2030 generations in return for providing data.

9주차(2)

Data is not processed into a simple set of facts or numbers representing the real world, and it is meaningless in itself. Information is a meaning derived from one or more data, is easy to share, and new information can be generated through analysis. The location data is information indicating a point or line position on an image or map as a plane position or a vertical position. Relative location data are the criteria for location information, relative location, or phase relations in the model space. Absolute location data are actual location information in space, ground, underground, marine air, etc., or location criteria in space. The figure data is composed of six figure elements for explaining the map shape and annotation, lines, planes, pixels, grids, and symbols. A dot represents a geometric position. Topological structure is a study that shows the relationship between shape and location regardless of amount or size with respect to the location of points, lines, and planes in space.

10주차(1)

The 21st century is the era of planning, and our daily lives are starting with planning, and the plan is to judge and analyze what humans are trying to do in advance, predict the future, and uate the results.The development of society is developing into a post-industrial society or an information society through an industrial society, and an information society will become common in the near future. Modern society is in the process of developing into a pluralistic society. Each of the various interest groups goes through a decision-making process in which they negotiate, coordinate, and compromise with each other to secure efficiency, and maximize the interests of each group. Planning originated from the pursuit of human rationality. Humans have limitations in recognizing the truth. The plan itself has no value or utility, and the fact that the plan has been prepared cannot solve the problem. But most students do, and the social phenomenon is also similar. Planning is an area of dealing with unknown facts. Therefore, planning is a process of trying to know the unknown. Harris stipulates that planning is about anticipating possibilities and making decisions in advance. The plan motivates according to human needs, and the content scope function is determined by the subject who executes the plan. The urban administration theory learning method should also create its own ideas in an integrated way. For this, knowledge, ideas, and information utilization technology must be accompanied to live in a new era.

10주차(2)

In a world of scarcity, resources need to be preserved and allocated efficiently, and planning is regarded as a means of reducing waste or generating maximum returns from the employment of resources. Rationality is sometimes thought to refer to increasing the rationality of a decision. In other words, planning may be to inform decision makers, customers, and the public. Including full knowledge of the system in question, it means that the plan requires the identification of the best of all alternatives uated as references to all purposes at risk. Thus, the optimally chosen alternative implies an efficient course of action. Given the deficiencies, social and individual choices should be made about how, when, to whom, for what purpose, and in what combination resources will be allocated. Pure democratic ethics assume that no one has the wisdom or ability to make decisions for society or other individuals. The choice is left to individuals or the majority of individual voters.

11주차(1)

The term "urban plan" means a plan for land use, transportation, sanitation, water and sewage, and green owner welfare to promote the sound development of cities and to promote public well-being and public welfare. Specifically, first, there is a plan for the designation or change of an area, district, or area. Second, there are plans for the installation, maintenance, and improvement of roads, railways, garbage, and public facilities. Third, there are land readjustment projects, a group of residential land development projects, a group of industrial land development projects, or redevelopment projects. The purpose of urban planning is to promote the sound development of cities and contribute to the promotion of public well-being and public welfare by stipulating necessary matters for the formulation, determination, and execution of urban plans for the construction, maintenance, and measurement of cities. In addition, the physical development of cities and settlements, i.e., the functions and structures of cities, are formed and induced in accordance with economic and social needs, especially in harmony with the supply and demand principles, to promote the sound development of cities and contribute to the promotion of public welfare. The narrow meaning of urban planning is urban development plan and legal urban plan. There are regional plans and local development plans in a broad range. The purpose of the national land plan is to present a desirable future of national space and long-term policy directions to achieve it, and to improve national productivity and quality of life through balanced national land development, SOC expansion, and living environment improvement. Urban planning is divided into urban basic plans that present urban development and future plans and urban management plans that restrict land use and buildings, urban planning plans, urban planning plans, land readjustment projects, housing complex development projects, and urban redevelopment projects.

11주차(2)

Urban planning refers to a series of processes to establish and implement a desirable future image of a city. It is also a tool to predict the future level of development of the city, assume a desirable form in advance, and manage the city soundly and appropriately through necessary regulations, induction policies, or maintenance measures. Korea has achieved current economic growth due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, but in the 2000s, reflection and concern about the side effects are increasing. In other words, as the population was concentrated in cities, the cities became overcrowded and spread in disorder. As a result, various urban divisions occurred. Urban planning is necessary in the future to alleviate or resolve these very urban problems and to prevent problems that may arise in the further future. The metropolitan urban plan is similar to the basic urban plan in that it presents a long-term development direction, but there is a difference in that it is a plan for two or more administrative districts. On the other hand, there are differences in the other two plans established for the same administrative district and closely related to the lives of the people. First of all, the basic urban plan presents the future image of the target area from changes in spatial structure to socio-economic aspects. On the other hand, the urban management plan is a plan that embodies and realizes this future development direction in urban space, and is different from the basic urban plan in that it is legally binding. The basic urban planning is an urban planning that is not directly binding to ordinary citizens but binding to the administrative agency. Urban management plans are legally binding to regulate the building activities of ordinary citizens. The metropolitan city plan is a plan to present long-term development directions to interlink the spatial structure and functions of two or more adjacent special cities, metropolitan cities, cities, or counties, preserve the environment, and systematically improve metropolitan facilities. It is a 20-year long-term plan and is a guideline for sub-plan such as urban basic plan and urban management plan. The term "Urban Basic Plan" means a comprehensive plan that presents basic spatial structure and long-term development directions for the jurisdiction of a special city, metropolitan city, city, or county, and is a guideline for establishing an urban management plan. The urban management plan is a legal plan that is binding on residents' private land use, that is, the building waste rate, floor area rate, and number of floors in construction activities, and is a plan to specify and realize the contents presented in the metropolitan urban plan and the basic urban plan.

12주차(1)

The district unit plan is a plan that is established by considering both three-dimensional building plans and flat land use plans for the cities and villages ‘‘where‘‘ we live. This streamlines land use, secures a good residential environment, and induces systematic and planned development of the area. A district unit plan, one of the urban management plans, shall be established in active consideration of changes in conditions, such as growth and development of the relevant area, and future appearances. In addition, it is a system that actively induces the participation of residents, and allows the establishment of a district unit plan based on resident proposals. It is a system that encourages residents to diagnose problems on their own, find solutions, and provide incentives such as behavioral mitigation to induce revitalization. The Type 1 District Unit Plan is aimed at creating an environmentally friendly urban environment ‘‘where‘‘ humans and nature coexist in certain areas in urban areas and enabling sustainable urban development or urban management. It shall be established to improve urban infrastructure, buildings, etc. and to create street scenery in order to materialize and rationalize land use and enhance the function and aesthetics of the city. The second type of district unit plan shall be established to prevent reckless development in planned management or development promotion zones, to re-establish areas and functions by sufficiently installing infrastructure, and to create eco-friendly and sustainable cities by improving the functions and aesthetics of surrounding areas and cities and counties. The types of type 1 district unit plans include areas that require the maintenance of existing cities, areas that require the preservation of existing cities, areas that require the management of existing cities, and areas that require the development of new cities. Types of district unit plans include areas that are used or will be used as collective living bases for residents, areas that require planned development, areas that want to foster industries, areas that want to collectively operate distribution and logistics, and areas to create tourist resorts and install necessary facilities. The district unit plan establishes the infrastructure layout and size, the size and construction plan of furniture and land, the use of buildings, the building capacity ratio, the maximum or minimum building height, and the contents of the traffic treatment plan. The resident proposal system is a system proposed by residents regarding the formulation of an urban management plan, and is the most direct and influential resident participation system. The current law allows proposals to be made on matters related to urban infrastructure and district unit plans. In particular, it is a useful system that allows residents to directly propose opinions on the designation of zones and planning for apartment housing construction projects in the private sector. The designation of a zone under the residents' proposal shall encourage active participation, such as obtaining a survey and consent from the residents on the contents of the proposal in advance so that the opinions of the residents can be sufficiently reflected.

12주차(2)

In Korea, ‘where‘ 90% of the population lives in cities, it is no exaggeration to say that the city is what the Republic of Korea is. As globalization and openness accelerate, regional and urban competition is intensifying rather than between countries.It is necessary to present mid- to long-term and strategic urban policy directions in consideration of changes in social conditions such as population decline and the advent of an aging society. It is necessary to redefine the roles of the central and local governments and present directions for improving the urban planning management system according to the strengthening of the urban planning authority of local governments. The world is entering the era of environmental revolution through agriculture, industry, and information revolution, and yearns for the era of "green growth." It is necessary to find an urban policy approach that will lead the era of the green revolution. Since 2000, the population growth rate is expected to slow rapidly, and it is expected to peak at 49 million in 2018. Cultural diversity is expected to increase due to the continuous increase in the number of foreign residents. Accordingly, urban policies are needed to adjust the supply and demand of living areas and convenience facilities due to population decline and changes in demographic structure, and to reflect various demands such as the elderly population and multicultural families. In the old city, living convenience facilities such as parking lots, parks, and cultural welfare facilities, and infrastructure such as public transportation systems are weak. The decline in urban functions is accelerating due to the indiscriminate development of urban outskirts and the resulting large number of urban functions. Accordingly, in order to expand the new growth engine of the city, it is necessary to create a complex high-tech industrial complex, revitalize the city center, and reorganize the small-scale old industrial complex.Conservation, development, and management of unique historical and cultural assets or natural resources characterized by cities are insufficient. The unique urban brand and urban identity that citizens can be proud of are insufficient compared to advanced countries. The absence of landmarks and the uniform creation of scenery lead to a monotonous urban aesthetic. Accordingly, it is necessary to establish traditional, unique culture, and landscape management measures for each city so that urban identity and pride of urban residents can be preserved. There is a lack of spatial structure and urban facility systems that can respond to international environmental problems and resource crises. It is expected to increase the pressure to reduce carbon emissions by international agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol. In order to promote functional urban regeneration projects, pilot projects should be promoted centering on local cities and administrative and financial support should be expanded. In order to regenerate small and old industrial complexes, future high-tech industrial complexes should be reorganized to foster high-tech knowledge-based businesses such as IT and BT. In order to revitalize the complex advanced R&D district (street), institutional support should be provided to allow the development of complex uses. In order to create a ubiquitous-based city, it is necessary to support the development of core technologies and the development of related industries. In order to effectively recycle urban cultural spaces, cultural space maps should be prepared and operated by local artists and citizens. We need to create an inexpensive public rental art workshop complex for artists.

13주차(1)

The district unit plan is a plan that considers both three-dimensional building plans and flat land use plans for the cities and villages we live in. This streamlines land use, secures a good residential environment, and induces systematic and planned development of the area. The district unit plan, which is one of the urban management plans, is established by actively considering changes in conditions such as growth and development in the region and the future. In addition, it is a system that actively encourages residents to participate in the establishment of a district unit plan based on residents' proposals. It is a system that encourages residents to diagnose problems on their own, find solutions, and provide incentives such as behavior mitigation to induce revitalization. The Type 1 District Unit Plan is a plan to create an environmentally friendly urban environment ‘where‘ humans and nature coexist in certain areas in urban areas and to enable sustainable urban development or urban management. It shall be established to improve urban infrastructure, buildings, etc. and to create street scenery in order to materialize and rationalize land use and enhance the function and aesthetics of the city. The second type of district unit plan shall be established to prevent reckless development in planned management or development promotion zones, to re-establish areas and functions by sufficiently installing infrastructure, and to create eco-friendly and sustainable cities by improving the functions and aesthetics of surrounding areas and cities and counties. Urban development zones designated pursuant to Article 3 of the Urban Development Act, maintenance zones designated pursuant to Article 4 of the Urban and Residential Environment Improvement Act, etc. shall be designated as Class 1 district unit planning zones. Types of Type 1 district unit plans include areas that require the maintenance of existing cities, areas that require the conservation of existing cities, areas that require the management of existing cities, and areas that require the development of new cities. The district unit plan of type 2 shall be designated as a planning and management area that meets the following requirements and as a development promotion area, an area that meets the following requirements. Type 2 district unit plans include residential, industrial, distribution, and tourism and recreation. The residential type is an area that is used or will be used as a collective living base for residents, and requires planned development. Industrial type is an area that seeks to foster industry. The distribution type is an area ‘where‘ distribution and logistics are to be operated collectively. The tourist resort type is an area for creating tourist resorts and installing necessary facilities. The district unit plan establishes the layout and size of infrastructure, the size and construction plan of furniture and land, the use of buildings, the building closure rate, the floor area rate, the maximum or minimum building height, and the contents of the total building plan. The resident proposal system is a system proposed by residents regarding the formulation of an urban management plan, and is the most direct and influential resident participation system. The current law allows proposals to be made on matters related to urban infrastructure and district unit plans. In particular, it is a useful system that allows residents to directly propose opinions on the designation of zones and planning for apartment housing construction projects in the private sector. The designation of a zone under the residents' proposal shall encourage active participation, such as obtaining a survey and consent from the residents on the contents of the proposal in advance so that the opinions of the residents can be sufficiently reflected. The planning entity has a drafting authority and a decision maker. The person who has the authority to draw up a district unit plan means to formulate a plan and shall be carried out by the head of each basic organization. The decision maker is a person who makes a final decision to establish a plan after deliberating and reviewing whether the district unit plan has been properly established. Participants in the plan include residents, public officials, and judges.

13주차(2)

It is necessary to set a vision for a future city. In Korea, ‘where‘ 90% of the population lives in cities, it is no exaggeration to say that the city is what the Republic of Korea is. Moreover, as globalization and openness accelerate, regional and urban competition is intensifying rather than between countries. Accordingly, it should be an era in which urban competitiveness determines national competitiveness. It is necessary to present mid- to long-term and strategic urban policy directions in consideration of changes in social conditions such as population decline and the advent of an aging society. It is necessary to redefine the roles of the central and local governments and improve the urban planning management system by strengthening the urban planning authority of local governments. It is necessary to present the direction of new urban policies in response to such changes in the internal and external environment. The world is entering the era of environmental revolution through agriculture, industry, and information revolution, and yearns for the era of "green growth." It is necessary to find an urban policy approach that will lead the era of the green revolution. It is necessary to establish an urban policy direction that meets the national goal of such low-carbon green growth. Since 2000, the population growth rate is expected to slow rapidly, peaking at 49 million in 2018. Cultural diversity is expected to increase due to the continuous increase in the number of foreign residents. A new urban environment has arrived, such as such a decrease in population. Therefore, urban policies are needed to adjust the supply and demand of living areas and convenience facilities due to population decline and changes in demographic structure, and to reflect various demands such as the elderly population and multicultural families. In the old city, living convenience facilities such as parking lots, parks, and cultural welfare facilities, and infrastructure such as the public transportation system, have become weak. As of 2005, the degree of housing aging* in local small and medium-sized cities exceeded 40%, and in Gyeonggi-do, it is also 20.6%. In this way, the quality level of the residential living environment in the old city has become weak. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the residential living environment such as reconstruction and redevelopment in order to respond to the demand for improving the quality of life due to problem solving in the old city and income increase. Amid the accelerated reorganization of the global economic order, including the conclusion of the FTA, and intensifying urban competition across countries, urban functions have accelerated their decline due to reckless development of urban outskirts and large-scale outskirts of urban functions. The decline of the traditional manufacturing industry and the transition to high value-added industrial structures such as knowledge-based and high-tech industries were sluggish, resulting in the loss of urban growth engines. Therefore, in order to expand the new growth engine of the city, it is necessary to create a complex high-tech industrial complex, revitalize the city center, and reorganize the small-scale old industrial complex. Conservation, development, and management of unique historical and cultural assets or natural resources characterized by cities have become insufficient. The unique urban brand and urban identity that citizens can be proud of are insufficient compared to advanced countries. The absence of landmarks and the uniform creation of scenery caused by the monotonous urban beauty. Therefore, it is necessary to establish traditional, unique culture, and landscape management measures for each city to preserve urban identity and the pride of urban residents. There is a lack of spatial structure and urban facility systems that can respond to international environmental problems and resource crises. Therefore, urban planning measures are needed to save energy and supply and expand renewable energy to reduce carbon emissions. The paradigm of urban policy has changed from quantitative growth to qualitative internalization. The vision of the future city is a vibrant and pleasant advanced first-class city. The four main goals for this are a competitive vital city, a convenient living city, an attractive cultural city, and a clean green city.

14주차(1)

The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport announced a plan to promote innovative growth in land transportation in 2018. It is said that this will change our lives. The dream-like future that I've only imagined is now approaching. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport wants to present cities and new means of transportation that will enrich our lives. It will create a smart city as a platform for the 4th industrial revolution. It will launch a national pilot city, such as ‘select‘ing a business district and establishing detailed plans. It will make existing cities smart, such as data hub model Seo Najeong, theme-type specialized complex ‘select‘ion, and smart urban regeneration district ‘select‘ion. We will capture all the services imaginable in smart cities. Along with the commercialization of autonomous cars, the mobile system will be innovated. K-City, a self-driving experimental city, will be completed and opened. We will build a driving data sharing center. A smart road will be constructed on a trial basis. Expand the construction of precision maps on major highways. In this way, the infrastructure will be built in earnest. We will further raise the level of autonomous driving by creating an environment in which vehicles and roads communicate. We will open the era of unmanned aerial vehicles in earnest. It will expand the drone market by inducing early commercialization with regulatory sandboxes such as deregulation and financial support. It will innovate drone management systems such as preparing measures to improve drone classification systems based on risk and performance. In addition, education will be expanded to foster pilot professionals and a practical test site will be created. We will build a system in our sky that allows unmanned aerial vehicles to fly safely. It will also create new growth engines in the existing construction and transportation sector. The construction industry will be advanced and new buildings will be zero-energy. It is going to start developing construction automation technology such as introducing construction robots equipped with Ai and manufacturing construction components using 3D printers. As a result, air will be reduced by 50% and productivity will be improved by 40%. By utilizing IoT sensors and preemptive maintenance of buildings and facilities, 10% of the maintenance budget will be reduced in 2025. Zero energy construction will be mandatory for public enterprises. We will build zero energy in the public sector. We will actively discover and foster new industries with potential. In the digital land sector, we will develop a national land virtualization technology in which reality is equally implemented in digital space. In the smart airport sector, boarding agencies that use biometric information will be introduced on a trial basis. In the smart logistics sector, the city's advanced logistics complex will be designated as a pilot complex. In the new transportation service sector, the transportation O2O ecosystem will be created, including customized support for each startup life cycle.