출석 및 과제점검표(재택수업 스스로 점검하기)

학과:행정학과

학번:21700032

주(날짜)	출석(당일)	지각(해당주)	결석(그이후)	과제	비고
1주차(1)	○				수강정정기간
1주차(2)	○				수강정정기간
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8주차 중간고사
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15주차 기말고사
과제1(제출일자)				10/20
과제2((제출일자)				12/8
계	28			2

이름:오민영

※발령으로 인하여 10월부터 온라인 강의로 출석하였습니다.

LMS 수학강의는 지난 학기 행정정보체계론에서 수강하였습니다.

강의 요약 정리

1주차(1)

Writing and listening are most important things in English. The first name of computer is electronic calculating machine. When it comes to memory, human cannot win computer. In information society, human‘s brain must be developed and we have to coexist with AI.

1주차(2)

We have learnt several different class individually but cannot integrate with these different knowledge. We don‘t need to stick to these classic paradigm of study. We have to train our brain for the better outcome of information society. These days, English became native language around the world. Humans learn technology from natural environment. Because fossil energy is exhausted, we cannot survive with just fossil energy.

2주차(1)

The market economy, in which goods were exclusively consumed, moved to the sharing economy and then to the subscription economy. The reason why the subscription economy is active is because you don't have to own the product, you pay only when you need it, and you return it after using it. The reason franchises are popular is also because I provide all the necessary equipment for the store and I only have to pay for it. Beyond that comes the reverse subscription economy. To explain with data annuity, the state has to pay a fee to individuals because they have all of their personal information and have used it

2주차(2)

Everyone grows older by one year per year. This makes it possible to accurately predict how the population will change in the future. The future population structure will be in the shape of an inverted pyramid, with the number of older people increasing and the number of younger people decreasing. This phenomenon is the giving up of future generations for the benefit of the present. Individuals are making the selfish choice not to have children for the sake of their present interests. The country is neglecting its duties by not creating a policy to prevent this.

Always follow the triple rule. If I get a monthly salary of 1 million won, I have to work at least 3 million won. 1 million won should be taken by me, 1 million won should be used for the maintenance of the organization, and 1 million won should be used for the development of the organization.

3주차(1)

Studying so far is putting the knowledge in the book into your head. But now, it has changed to a way to bring out the knowledge you put in by speaking and writing. However, current studies do not teach how to speak or write.

Recently, as the information society progresses, various activities are taking place in virtual space. For example, there are activities such as telling you when the bus will arrive. However, it is still lacking to establish a firm theory for such changes, so it is necessary to have the ability to actively cope with various changes. In other words, each must have international competitiveness. The skills spoken here are speaking and writing.

The human of the future must be armed with morality and creativity. Morality is to enjoy culture, arts and sports, and creativity comes from the ability to use computers. And that ability comes from math.

3주차(2)

Humans who lived as nomads settled down as they became an agricultural society, and urbanization progressed as they became an industrial society. The biggest characteristic of the current information society, which is constantly being formed, is the ability to separate objects and information. What kind of society will come after this information society? We have achieved material civilization to some extent, but our minds are not. Society is not happy right now. Therefore, there must be a revolution of the mind. So what is the origin of the mind revolution? There is a HongikIngan origin. After the great digital transformation, in order for humans not to walk the path of destruction, a revolution in the direction that benefits people widely must occur. This should be a path that is beneficial to all species, not just humans.

Urban philosopher Lewis Mumford, questioning what a city is, defines the concept of a city according to people, cases, and times. In the definition by population and facilities, a city refers to an area with a high population density ‘‘where‘‘ many people live, and in the definition by administration, a city is considered by the power or historical aspect of the local government that performs urban administration, and in cultural and social justice A city is created by the interaction of citizens on an equal footing. In the definition by function, the city is defined as the center of all information.

4주차(1)

A regional structure is a grouping of a plurality of sub-regions to form a large whole to perform a new function. Commercial, industrial, residential, and business areas come together to form a single city.

Why are textile factories and dye factories on the riverside? Why is Pohang Steel located in Pohang? Why is the Gumi Electronics Industrial Complex located in Gumi? How will it change if we build a steel mill in Gumi and an electronics complex in Pohang?

Dyeing factories and textile factories are located along rivers because they are industries that require water. The electronics industry should be located ‘where‘ there is relatively little rain. If there is salt, there is a high possibility of fire, so it cannot be located on the beach. In the case of steel mills, metals must be imported and moved, and products must be moved to export them. Therefore, it cannot be inland. Currently, industry is divided between industry, residential, residential, and commerce, but in the case of industries that do not generate any pollution, parks will be installed in the middle of the complex to allow people to visit.

Basic industries are built into cities, and when people gather and the consumption population increases, non-infrastructure industries come in. In other words, when a factory is built, workers gather, and when workers gather, a residence is needed. When people gather like that, shopping malls such as supermarkets and banks enter.

4주차(2)

What is the relationship between highway rest areas and local extinction? Can't it be extended directly from the rest area to the national road? Why do you have to turn around to enter and exit to pass the gate? When going from Gyeongsan to Pohang, we pass the Dongdaegu IC and exit towards Gyodong. Providing access to highways from any‘where‘ in the region could help the cities around them come to life. Now everything is being sucked into Seoul by the gate.

H. Hyot's linear theory proposes the theory that the regional structure of a residential area in the inner area of a city can be understood as a sector structure in the shape of a sector. In other words, it is said that the appearance of a city changes depending on how the residential areas are arranged.

The multi-core theory criticizes the theory developed on the premise of a mononuclear city, and argues that it is physically impossible for all urban functions to be concentrated in the central core, and that factors that separate urban functions by avoiding the central core are acting within the city. . For example, the wholesale business district and the light industrial district are located in the middle of the city, near the railway, which is the focal point of intercity transportation, and are adjacent to the central business district.

5주차(1)

Planning theory is divided into the theory about the process of the plan itself and the theory about the main issues of this process.

Theories are repeated in such a way that, after the basic theories are established, criticisms are made, and then the next theories appear.

A theory has four correct criteria. One is that a theory must be able to be proven rather than simply explained in words, and one is that the theory must be coherent.

Communication theory on urban growth conceptualizes cities in terms of interactions that enable humans to maintain communication with their peers. He said that when information technology is used for communication, virtual cities can appear, and in reality, virtual reality, online worlds, digital cities, and smart cities are taking place. Conversely, due to the development of the untact industry and the development of the 4th industry due to the corona, a new part of people working from home in the countryside or other areas has also been developed.

5주차(2)

Human settlement is closely related to the stability of housing and the formation of villages, and before the development of agriculture, the settlement system did not occur because people continued to move and live in a hunting society.

Obelisks exist in Britain, the United States, Germany, Spain, Greece, Turkey, etc., but the original is in Egypt. Western civilization started in Egypt and spread throughout. This shows ‘‘where‘‘ Western civilization began and flowed.

While the culture of Greece and Rome still exists today, the reason why Korean culture has disappeared is that Korean cultural assets are mostly wooden cultural assets and have been destroyed by war or fire. Most European cultures are made of stone and the quality of the water is poor due to limestone, so liquor culture such as wine and beer has developed.

6주차(1)

The rapid economic growth since the 1960s has caused urbanization around the world. Urbanization concentrated capital and population into large cities and entailed an expansive expansion of cities. At the same time, rapid urbanization concentrated central management functions in the city center, reduced the permanent population, and promoted the expansion of suburban areas.

Urban concentration started in Europe in the middle of the 19th century, moved to North America, and recently appeared as a prominent phenomenon in Southeast Asia and Latin America.

In the case of Korea, the urban population in 1925 was 850,000 and in 1944 was 3.41 million. In 1960, it increased to 6.99 million and in 1985 to 27.18 million. Even in 2000, the urbanization rate exceeded 90%, the majority of the people living in cities, and the urban population doubled every 10 years.

Various urban problems are occurring due to the failure to prepare appropriate countermeasures against the unplanned urban concentration of the population. Social pathologies such as air and water pollution problems, housing problems, transportation problems, various pollution problems, etc., are dismantled, and social pathologies such as a lack of sense of community are also occurring due to the loss of affection.

6주차(2)

Urbanization refers to the movement of people from rural to urban areas. It refers to the decline in the proportion of people living in rural areas and the process of how society adapts to these changes. This means urban formation that grows as more people live and work in the city.

By 2050, about 64% of developing countries and 86% of developed countries will be urbanized. By 2050, one billion people will be urban, most of them in Africa and Asia. This is because North America and Europe have already achieved urbanization.

Will this urbanization continue? Is it right to happen? You have to think about the question. ‘where‘ there is movement of people, such as traveling by elevator or traveling by plane, the virus moves together. A typical example is the current state of COVID-19. Therefore, the pattern of life in our city must change.

Urbanization is not simply a modern phenomenon. It is changing human social roots on a global scale, ‘where‘by rural culture is rapidly being replaced by urban culture.

7주차(1)

The urbanization rate of Korea has exceeded 90%. World international organizations nicknamed Korea the climate villain. This means that we have neglected environmental issues to that extent. Typically, problems such as yellow dust and fine dust occur in winter. We need to pay attention to environmental issues.

Urban heat island is a phenomenon in which urban heat appears in the shape of an island, which occurs when an industry or an urban area dissipates and maintains heat. Solar energy reaching rural areas is mostly used for evaporation of water from plants or soil. However, the solar energy that reaches the city seeps into the buildings and asparts, raising the temperature of the earth's surface.

It is argued that urbanization is positive for the environment. A lower birth rate for city dwellers could stagnate the population, reducing pressure from population growth. Rural-to-urban migration can reduce destructive farming practices such as slash-and-burn practices. An increase in the wage level can lead to a rise in environmental-friendly awareness. The environment can be improved with better facilities than in rural areas.

However, urbanization is a very recent occurrence in the way of human existence, and it is questionable whether it will benefit the environment.

7주차(2)

In today's lecture, you explained about submitting assignments.

9주차(1)

Due to COVID-19, the world has experienced unprecedented events, which required an attempt to solve urban problems from a new perspective.

Corona 19 is a crisis of public transportation such as blood vessels in the city, shrinking of the sharing economy, concerns about deterioration in the quality of resident participation and public opinion gathering due to expansion of non-face-to-face decision-making methods, decrease in demand for traditional office space due to changes in working methods, restaurants · It has had problems such as a decrease in sales at entertainment establishments, a decrease in space demand, an accelerated change in the logistics and distribution business due to the expansion of non-face-to-face consumption methods, and an increase in the need to establish standards for the installation and operation of new facilities for group use facilities.

It is necessary to apply and commercialize new technologies in information and communication fields, such as telecommuting, remote health, distance education, on-demand delivery service, robot logistics automation system, and infectious disease detection and tracking system, accelerated due to COVID-19 in urban spaces.

It is necessary to establish a cooperative system and strengthen the role of the central government and local governments to strengthen crisis response capabilities. In particular, it is necessary to divide the approach into ‘emergency’ when an emergency has occurred and ‘long-term countermeasures’ based on the premise that a crisis situation is native.

While the risk of unemployment is high, such as small business owners related to travel, aviation, restaurants and accommodation, freelancers in the theater, film and performance sectors, and non-regular workers, the There is a need.

9주차(2)

‘‘where‘‘ is what Why are you there? Why should I care? We study many things to know these.

GIS is a system such as computer software hardware data that helps to manipulate, analyze, or present information related to spatial location.

By manipulating and utilizing data using GIS, it can be transformed into information or knowledge. Such GIS is closely related to virtual reality and augmented reality.

80% of all data has spatial information. For example, when you take a drug, it is possible to visually express the effect of the drug spreading through the bloodstream. Through GIS, necessary information can be expressed visually.

There are two ways to enter data or make it visible in GIS.

The raster method is expressed as a grid and is processed as a mosaic. The smaller the square of a cell, the higher the resolution, and the picture or satellite image is in this way.

The vector method means that it appears as a line. It can represent points, lines, and planes.

10주차(1)

Data is not processed as a simple set of facts or numbers representing the real world, and is meaningless in and of itself. Information is a meaning derived from one or more data, and it is easy to share and new information can be created through analysis.

Location data refers to information indicating the position of a point or line on an image or map as a plane position (x, y coordinate) or a vertical position (z coordinate).

Graphic data can be expressed as points, lines, and planes. These graphic data are divided into vector data and raster data.

In vector data, the positions of points, lines, and planes are recorded as x and y coordinates, and it is advantageous for the formation of topological structures. Such vector data has the advantage that it is similar to the actual shape of the map and requires less storage space, but has the disadvantages of requiring a high level of technology and high construction cost.

Raster data stores and manages data in units of cells or pixels, and has a structure similar to a photograph. It can be easily obtained by scanning. Such raster data has advantages of simple structure and easy analysis, but has disadvantages in that spatial accuracy is low and data volume is large.

10주차(2)

Planning is the process of predicting the future by judging and analyzing what you want to do in advance and uating the results. Industrial society basically requires division of labor and develops through economies of scale and agglomeration. This division of labor is premised on collaboration, and the process of exchanging information and opinions between hierarchies and organizations, consultation, and coordination is called planning activity.

There are four logical (Background of planning theory. First, planning originated from the pursuit of human rationality. What is reasonable is judged by values, and economically, it means improvement of efficiency. Second, humans have a limit in recognizing the truth. Third, the plan itself has no value or utility, and the fact that the plan has been prepared cannot solve the problem. Fourth, planning is a field that deals with the unknown. Therefore, planning is a process of trying to find out the unknown. Finally, the plan motivates according to human needs, and the content, scope, function, etc. are determined by the entity executing the plan.

Planning theory can be divided into normative value theory and epistemology from the perspective of academic background. Normative value theory is based on social norms or morals, epistemology is based on knowledge accumulated through human experience, and planning and philosophy are established based on causality. It is related to information input, calculation process, and data collection/analysis/processing process.

11주차(1)

The plan has three purposes.

First, for efficiency, equity, and rational action, capitalist society fundamentally pursues efficiency. However, when it is not fair to each other, people express extreme anxiety and dissatisfaction and conflict. Therefore, in a world ‘‘where‘‘ resource scarcity exists, it is necessary to conserve resources and to allocate them effectively. Rationality increases relevance in decision-making, and planning serves to inform policy makers, customers, and citizens. This provides an overall knowledge of the system in question, while allowing you to identify which of the alternatives is the best alternative.

Second, assisting the functioning of the market or replacing the function of initiation.

Basically, the market functions to maximize efficiency. This market is not equitable. Therefore, it substitutes the function of the market in order to achieve equity else‘‘where‘‘, such as government.

Third, the purpose of changing choices or expanding them.

In a state ‘‘where‘‘ resources are constrained, the choices of society or individuals are decisions about how, when, to whom, and for what purpose resources are to be allocated.

Why do we need democracy? Democracy says that no one has the wisdom or power for another. In other words, democracy is one's own decisions. We have elections because it is impossible to choose everything ourselves.

11주차(2)

In the last class, we learned that planning is preparing what to do in the present for a desirable future. Applying it to cities is called urban planning. Urban planning is a plan for land use, transportation, sanitation, water supply and sewage, parks and green spaces, etc. to promote the sound development of the city and promote public peace and order and public welfare. The purpose of urban planning is to promote the sound development of the city and to contribute to the promotion of public well-being and order and public welfare by prescribing matters necessary for drafting, determining, and executing urban planning for urban construction, maintenance, measurement, etc. In addition, the physical development of cities and settlements, and the purpose of promoting the sound development of cities and promoting public welfare by shaping and inducing the functions and structures of cities to meet economic and social needs, especially in line with the demand-supply principle Have. COVID-19 raises questions about whether cities today can continue into the future. In particular, as high-rise buildings are built densely and the population is densely populated due to urbanization, the virus is spreading rapidly.

National land planning presents a desirable future image of national land space and long-term policy directions to achieve it in consideration of internal and external conditions surrounding the national land, improves national land productivity and improves people’s lives through balanced development of the land, SOC expansion, and living environment improvement It aims to improve the quality of Korea is obviously a landlocked country, not an island country. However, due to the special situation of division, Korea is very isolated as a landlocked country that cannot cross the border by land. So we always have to think about how to move forward to a universal world.

Since the 1960s, Korea's urban problems have been in the same vein as industrialization, and related laws have been developed to solve the problems. In the 1960s, the Urban Planning Act and the Building Act were separated and enacted to solve urban problems such as economic poverty and insufficient housing, transportation, and infrastructure in the city. In the 1970s, economic growth and urban growth following industrialization required new urban planning, and the Urban Planning Act was completely revised to prevent the spread of disorganized cities. In the 1980s, it was drastically revised to supplement problems caused by high economic growth. In the 1990s, due to the development of cities and the diversification of functions, use areas and districts were specifically subdivided. In the 2000s, regional planning was added to effectively manage urban expansion and interrelated problems between cities.

12주차(1)

Due to rapid industrialization and urbanization in Korea, the population is concentrated in cities, resulting in overcrowding and disorderly expansion of cities, resulting in various urban problems such as reckless development. Urban planning is needed to mitigate and resolve these urban problems and to prevent various problems.

Among the national land and urban planning systems, urban planning includes three areas: metropolitan planning, urban master plan, and urban management plan.

Metropolitan city planning is a plan that presents a long-term development direction in order to interconnect the spatial structure and functions of two or more adjacent special cities, metropolitan cities, cities or counties, preserve the environment, and systematically maintain metropolitan facilities.

The urban master plan is a comprehensive plan that presents the basic spatial structure and long-term development direction for the jurisdiction of a special city, metropolitan city, city or county, and is a plan that serves as a guideline for establishing an urban management plan. It is a comprehensive plan that predicts and prepares for changes in the living environment of residents by embracing not only physical and spatial aspects of the city, but also environmental, social and economic aspects.

The urban management plan is a statutory plan that has binding force on residents' private land use, that is, building-to-land ratio, floor area ratio, number of floors, etc. during construction activities.

12주차(2)

District unit planning is a plan established by considering both the three-dimensional building plan and the flat land use plan for the cities and towns in which we live. The district unit plan, one of the urban management plans, is established by actively considering the future and changes in conditions such as growth and development of the region.

The first type district unit plan is a plan to create an environmentally friendly urban environment ‘‘where‘‘ humans and nature coexist in a certain area within the urban area and to enable sustainable urban development or urban management.

The 2nd type district unit plan prevents reckless development in the planning management area or development promotion district, reorganizes the area and reorganizes the function by sufficiently installing infrastructure, and improves the function and aesthetics of the surrounding area and the entire city/county to be eco-friendly. , established to create a sustainable city.

Types of type 1 district unit planning include areas requiring maintenance of existing urban areas, areas requiring conservation of existing urban areas, areas requiring management of existing urban areas, and areas requiring development of new urban areas.

The 2nd type of district unit planning includes areas that are being used or will be used as a collective living base for residents and require planned development, areas that want to nurture industries, areas that want to operate distribution/logistics, and tourist resorts. There are areas for creating and installing necessary facilities.

13주차(1)

In the case of Korea, ‘‘where‘‘ 90% of the population lives in cities, the appearance of the city is the appearance of Korea. Moreover, as globalization accelerates, competition between cities, not between countries or regions, is intensifying. In other words, the city's competitiveness has become the nation's competitiveness. It is necessary to suggest a long-term, strategic direction for urban planning that takes into account changes in various social conditions, such as the population decline and the arrival of an aging society. In addition, as the local government's authority for urban planning is strengthened, it is necessary to redefine the roles of the central and local governments and improve the urban planning management system. Currently, the world is entering the era of the environmental revolution after going through the agricultural revolution, the industrial revolution, and the information revolution. People are yearning for an era of green growth. It is necessary to find an approach to urban policy that will lead this era.

Currently, cities in Korea have five tasks. First, a new urban environment due to population decline, aging, and increase in foreign residents. Second, the lack of infrastructure such as living convenience facilities and transportation systems in the old town and the deterioration of housing quality in small and medium-sized local cities caused a decline in quality. Third, the growth engine of the city is lost due to the sluggish conversion of the high value-added industrial structure, and the city's economic foundation is weakened due to the decline of the city center function due to indiscriminate development of the outskirts of the city. Fourth, insufficient conservation and development of unique historical or cultural assets, natural resources, lack of urban brand or urban identity, lack of urban cultural diversity and uniformity of landscape due to uniform and monotonous urban aesthetics. Fifth, insufficient response system for international environmental problems due to lack of urban design to respond to environmental and resource crises.

To address these challenges, the paradigm of urban policy must change from quantitative growth to qualitative internalization. The city of the future must aim for a competitive city by strengthening growth engines, a convenient city by improving the living environment, an attractive city by creating urban culture and landscape, and a clean city by restoring the urban natural environment. It should be city oriented.

13주차(2)

The district unit plan is a plan established by considering the three-dimensional building plan and flat land use plan for the city in which we live. This rationalizes land use, secures a good residential environment, and induces systematic and planned development of the area. In addition, as a system that actively induces residents' participation, it is possible to establish a 'district unit plan by residents' proposal'. It is a system that encourages residents to diagnose problems on their own, seek solutions, and provide incentives such as mitigation of behavior to induce activation.

It is necessary to induce a desirable urban landscape and improve the aesthetics of the city through rationalization of land use and height regulation by regulating the use of buildings, building-to-land ratio, floor area ratio, and the maximum or minimum limit of building height. Third, for rational land use, a detailed plan must be established for the size and development of households and parcels. Fourth, for a smooth and pleasant traffic flow within the relevant area, a traffic plan should be established that considers connectivity with the surrounding hinterland, from automobiles to pedestrians and bicycles, to railroads and ports.

The resident proposal system is a system in which residents initiate the drafting of an urban management plan and is the most direct and influential resident participation system. Under the current law, it is possible to propose proposals for matters related to urban infrastructure and district unit planning. In particular, it is a useful system that allows residents to directly propose their opinions on the designation of zones and the establishment of plans for apartment housing construction projects in the private sector. District designation by resident proposal induces active participation by conducting surveys and obtaining consent from the residents in advance on the proposed contents so that the residents' opinions can be fully reflected.

14주차(1)

In Korea, ‘‘where‘‘ 90% of the population lives in cities, the city can be seen as the reality of Korea. It has become necessary to present a mid- to long-term, strategic urban policy direction that takes into account changes in social conditions such as population decline and the advent of an aging society. In particular, it is necessary to seek an approach to urban policy that will lead the era of green revolution. To this end, the city of the future should move forward with a vision of a competitive vitality city, a convenient living city, an attractive cultural city, and a clean green city.

For a vibrant city, walkable and lively downtown streets should be created. Separation of sidewalks and roads as a rule, and car-free streets will be created to create a walking-friendly city center. In the case of local cities with insufficient development demand, downtown regeneration linked to station area development, traditional market reorganization, factory site reorganization, etc. should be induced, and downtown function revitalization should be induced through compressed development within the city rather than development outside the city.

For a convenient city, it is necessary to design a city so that all information such as transportation, media, safety, and environment can be accessed anytime and any‘‘where‘‘ by creating a U-City.

For an attractive city, it is important to discover and spread cultural contents suitable for the city's characteristics. In order to create a brand for each city, it is necessary to create new cultural values, such as symbolic resources linked to local story-telling, like the Busan International Film Festival.

Create a green living environment that reduces and absorbs carbon dioxide by expanding and applying renewable energy facilities such as solar power, solar heat, geothermal heat, and biomass to commercial facilities and housing complexes for a clean city, greening rooftops and walls, and planting around buildings. Needs to be.

14주차(2)

Smart can be defined with various concepts, but it can be said that it is smart to change in a desirable direction on its own.

Cloud computing cars, homes and mobile phones are connected to create cities that enrich our lives, and self-driving cars and drones have emerged as new means of transportation.

In 2017, the national strategy will be launched in earnest to establish the basis for smart cities, and the smart city law enforcement cities will be expanded from new cities to existing cities. In 2018, a national pilot city will be launched and a data hub model or theme-type specialized complex will be ‘‘select‘‘ed for smartization in the existing city. A specialized complex is ‘‘select‘‘ed. In 2021, smart cities will be in full swing, and occupancy in national pilot cities will begin, and this model will be expanded nationwide. A service layer is created using the data hub and infrastructure, and it contains all the services we can imagine, such as emergency forecasting, fine dust forecasting, smart water management, and digital markets in smart cities.

In 2017, the self-driving test team was created, and in 2018, the self-driving car infrastructure was established in earnest, such as the establishment of a driving data sharing center and the expansion of precise maps of major arterial roads. awareness has expanded. When safety standards are completed in 2020, self-driving cars can be introduced into public transportation.

In 2018, we will expand the drone market and innovate the drone management system to open the era of full-fledged unmanned aerial vehicles.

The construction industry will reduce maintenance budget by 10% and increase productivity by 40%, such as managing buildings or facilities using iot and expanding 3D design using vr.

We will make zero-energy buildings mandatory for public enterprises, significantly strengthen insulation standards, and make zero-energy buildings in the public sector mandatory by 2020 and zero-energy buildings in the private sector by 2025.