출석 및 과제점검표(재택수업 스스로 점검하기)

학과:행정학과

학번:21606495

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기말고사
과제1(제출일자)				O
과제2((제출일자)
계

이름:장윤진

강의 요약 정리

9주차(1)

To solve problems of COVID19 from a new perspective, we need systematic response and collective intelligence are essential.

Some economists say that if the COVID19 is prolonged, a serious level of economic crisis could arise. The global spread of COVID will have a direct impact on urban policy and urban planning, as infectious diseases that can recur at any time may become more serious if strains or new viruses appear. The Korean government is exemplary in transparent disclosure of information, tracking of routes, and a high sense of quarantine, but there are potential risks of proliferation. Therefore, it is necessary to work together with collective intelligence to find a reasonable solution to cope with new changes.

As the COVID spread and transactions were restricted, the number of people using transportation plunged. In the case of privately run transportation, the problem of mass unemployment arises because without government support, the debt cannot be covered.

In addition, there is a possibility that traffic difficulties will worsen as the preference for personal means of transportation, which have a relatively low risk of infection, has soared. This strong reluctance to share facilities also leads to a contraction in the sharing economy. In addition, the expansion of the non-face-to-face decision-making approach is feared to worsen the quality of the communication, and the demand for physical space is expected to decrease.

In preparation, urban policies should be faithful to basic objectives and principles, and innovative attempts using new technologies in the information and communication sector need to be applied and commercialized.

9주차(2)

I took a lecture at an international conference held by the Korean Regional Development Association.

I listened to Kim An-Jae, an emeritus professor at Seoul National University, and summarized it.

Many things happened after Korea was liberated from Japanese colonial era. Among them, the three biggest topics at the national level are the division of the two Koreas, poverty of the people, and unbalanced regional development. The division of the two Koreas is the biggest task that we have to solve in the future. The problem of poverty is now almost disappeared because the nation‘s continued development and economic growth.

Finally, the development of imbalance between regions is rather deepening. Urbanization may have helped economic growth, but an explosive influx of people into the capital area has eventually led to a slowdown in local development. In order to solve this problem, the Park Chung-hee administration implemented various policies, but the situation got worse and worse. This could also lead to nation‘s defense issues. Comparing the capitals of South and North Korea, it takes two hours by car from the DMZ to Pyongyang, but only half an hour to Seoul. Considering that Seoul is the capital and half of the nation‘s population resides in the metropolitan area, the damage to the South will be much greater. That is why balanced development is important.

Park Chung-hee planned to build a temporary administrative capital, but it was officially suspended when he passed away. Roh Moo-hyun, former president of the participatory government, tried to relocate the capital, but the plan was declared unconstitutional. The administrative capital, Sejong City, was designed to relocate even the center of administration. Nevertheless, since this alone is not enough to solve the regional imbalance problem, innovative cities are being built throughout the country to promote balanced development.

10주차(1)

In order to learn math and use it to analyze big data, it is necessary to explore the fundamentals of big data. It‘s geographic information system, GIS.

There are the three "W‘s" of Geography ‘What is ‘where‘, why is it there, why do I care‘. There are also three factors in the data. location data, scale of data, data presentation. Location Data means ‘how many, what kind, ‘where‘‘. Scale of data includes local to global. Data Presentation is expanding data using GIS turns data into information information into knowledge. In other words, it refers to the kind of data that is visualized.

The GIS consists of the computer‘s soft ware, hardware, data and the person controlling it, the analysis and expression of the data, and the geographical location.

Estimates are that 80% of all data has a spatial component and data from most sciences can be analyzed "spatially".

GIS is a method to visualize, manipulate, analyze, and display spatial data. Because data bases alone can‘t be handled clearly and quickly, processed information is needed. GIS is multi-dimensional information that combines, links, and transforms many data sources to make them applicable in various ways. GIS can be used in many areas, including emergency services, environment, industry and education.

10주차(2)

Data is not processed as a set of facts or numbers that represent the real world, and in itself is meaningless. The information is derived from one or more data, meaningful and easy to share.

Geo-spatial information is classified as positional data and descriptive data. positional data is divided into relative positional data and absolute positional data, and descriptive data is divided into graphic data, image data, and attribute data. Positional data is information that indicates the position of a point or line on an image or map in plane or vertical position. Relative positional data is the basis of location information, relative location, or topological relationships in the model space.

Absolute positional data is physical location information in real space. Graphic data appears as points and lines in pixels. Graphic data include vector data and raster data. Image data is entered by digitizing images or photographic information obtained from satellites or aircraft. Attribute information indicates characteristics, quality, relationships, and geographical location of map shapes. Qualitative indicators include names, descriptions, administrative districts, and quantitative indicators are statistical analyses of population numbers, land prices and areas.

The types of gis data include maps, documents, video materials, survey data, aerial photographs, and statistics. The structure of the graphic data has a form in which the raster and vector correspond to the points, lines, and faces respectively.

Topological structure is the study that shows the relationship between shape and location regardless of quantity or size with respect to points, lines, faces, locations in space. It expresses form by determination of connectivity, proximity, and area. Also, it consists of complex elements from simple elements, such as points, lines, and faces.

Information that has become useful as it is processed from reality to virtual space and gis is the basis of predicting and analyzing the future through ai. Numerous data transforms into big data. Big data is handled by artificial intelligence. Therefore, it should be possible to handle artificial intelligence so that the information could be used as one‘s please.

11주차(1)

Everyone has a plan, but practice is important. Our daily lives start from the plan, and we plan to prejudge and analyze what we want to do, anticipate the future and uate the results.

Modern society is developing into an information society through an industrial society, and will become common in the near future. As a result, the government is also shifting to ubiquitous and smart governments. Modern society pursues the maximization of profits through consultation, coordination and compromise decision making among various interest groups.

The direction of development of future society can be explained by economies of scale and aggregation. Modern division of labor presupposes collaboration, and the process of information and coordination between classes and organizations is part of the plan. As information service progressed, there was a paradigm shift. Beyond the era of mass production, the era of multi-variety small-volume production has arrived. Because people‘s needs are differenent, plans appear in the form of collaborative governance.

To explain the concept of planning in detail, it stems from the pursuit of human rationality, and is the product of an effort to overcome imperfect knowledge. It also motivates humans as needed, and the fact that they have come up with a plan alone cannot solve the problem. Planning is the process of determining a desirable future through a series of choices. Information society broadens this choice and enables multitasking.

The ‘select‘ion begins with setting goals or criteria, then goes through a phase that is materialized by designing detailed flows and mapping out action guidelines toward goals. Each series of processes requires judgement, which is planned according to individual values and preferences. They design a common plan through consultation even when not only individuals but also various stakeholders are intertwined. In this process, conflicts can arise due to limited resources, material limitations, different preferences, and imperfect knowledge.

11주차(2)

The purpose of the planning is to act efficiently, equitably, and reasonably. In areas ‘where‘ resources are limited, it is particularly necessary to preserve and effectively allocate resources to prevent wasting and produce grater return.

Rationality is sometimes perceived as determining its validity in decision making, and serves to inform the public. When identifying a system with any error, knowledge allows you to make an optimal choice regarding the condition. Such a chosen method is the most efficient alternative.

The plan supports the function of the market, which is a product of maximum efficiency, and also serves to replace the absence of equity.

Planning broadens the choice in conclusion because it takes into account the purpose and method of allocation in the state of limited resources.

The plan includes a goal-oriented process, there is a link between the big and small goals, and the goal is expanding.

Planning is a process of choice, and it also means values, chosen means, and alternatives.

The ultimate goal of the plan is to obtain the information needed today to predict the future, so it can be said to be future-oriented. In addition, the plan must be very specific in order to produce desirable results in the future. A plan is meaningful when practiced, not just to build.

Planning consists of forming values and identifying means. It describes the value and fact, and connect them.

12주차(1)

Urban planning refers to all plans for the construction and maintenance of land use, transportation, sanitation, water supply and sewerage, green areas.

The main purpose of urban planning is to promote the sound development of the city, public order and public welfare by prescribing matters necessary for the planning process. It also plays a role in promoting the physical development of urban and surrounding areas by forming and inducing urban functions and structures according to economic and social needs.

In addition, the designation and establishment of various local districts and the planning of the facilities prescribed by each ordinance fall into the category of urban planning.

The purpose of this national territory plan is to present the desirable future of space and the long-term policy direction for achieving it in consideration of internal and external conditions surrounding the territory, and to enhance the productivity of the national territory and improve the quality of people‘s lives through balanced development of the national territory, expansion of SOCs, and improvement of living conditions.

The national territory plan provides a blueprint and policy direction for the overall national territory, setting up guidelines for specific sector plans and subplanning, such as proper allocation of population and industry, resource management and infrastructure installation. These guidelines determine the prevention of disasters, the placement and scale of important public and living environment facilities.

The national territory plan and the national territory use plan should be subject to planning in the whole country or part of the national territory, and the urban plan should be for urban or urban areas, and the building plan should be for individual buildings.

The Urban Planning Act is divided into the Urban Master Plan, which presents the development and future of the city, and the Urban Management Plan, which imposes specific development directions and regulations on the basis of that master plan.

The Urban Management Plan provides for the overall matters concerning the formulation and execution of the urban development plan for the purpose of restricting land use and building restrictions.

The effects of urban planning with institutional character contribute to the stabilization of urban development by consistent implementation, and increase the feasibility of policy and administration. In addition, rational allocation of resources maximizes the effect of investment, predicts changes in conditions and proactively responds, and induces change in the desired direction.

The urban problems of Korea have been in line with industrialization since the 1960s, and laws have developed to solve the problems caused by them.

12주차(2)

Although Korea achieved economic growth due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, but various urban problems such as reckless development occurred. Typical problems include housing, supply of public facilities, environmental pollution and transportation. Urban planning is essential for the prevention, mitigation and resolution of these urban problems. Using urban planning, we can prevent the disorderly spread of cities, create a harmonious environment with surrounding areas, and make more efficient use of land.

The urban planning system has several stages, from the overall use of the national territory to the design of basic autonomous districts. The basic urban plan presents the direction of development, including the basic spatial structure of the city and social, economic and material aspects. It is not binding on citizens but binding on the administrative office. On the other hand, the urban management plan provides a way to implement the basic plan specifically in space and is legally binding to regulate the building activities of ordinary citizens. To classify the use of land and strengthen or ease regulations so that land can be used efficiently. In addition, plans for infrastructure or urban development projects and readjustment projects are part of the urban management plan. Urban planning, which is so closely related to the lives of residents, includes the process of listening to the opinions of residents when establishing.

The wide area urban plan links the spatial structure and functions of two or more adjacent metropolitan cities, preserves the environment, and presents a long-term direction of development for more than 20 years.

13주차(1)

The district unit plan is to establish the city and village ‘where‘ we live by considering both three-dimensional building plans and flat land use plans. This will rationally utilize the land, secure a good residential environment, and induce systematic and planned development of the area. In addition, residents‘ participation is actively encouraged so that they can diagnose problems themselves and seek solutions.

The district unit plan plans the readjustment of urban infrastructure, buildings, etc. and the creation of street landscapes with the aim of promoting environmentally friendly cities ‘where‘ humans and nature coexist, and promoting urban functions and aesthetics. It targets areas that require the maintenance, preservation, and management of existing urban areas and areas that require the development of new urban areas.

The plan also includes non-urban areas, with the aim of preventing reckless development and reestablishing the readjustment and functions of zones by installing sufficient infrastructure to improve the functions and aesthetics of cities. The types of planning in non-urban areas include living grounds, industrial development areas, distribution centers, and tourist resorts.

The details of the district unit plan should mainly be established on the scale of infrastructure, land, and buildings, and plans should be formulated to create a pleasant transportation environment. The establishment of a district unit plan consists of the planners, decision makers, residents, public officials, and council members.

The residents‘ proposal system is the most direct and influential system for residents‘ participation in the urban management plan. A system that allows residents to directly propose opinions on the designation of zones and the formulation of plans for multi-family housing construction projects, etc. in the private sector, and encourages active participation, such as obtaining surveys and consent, in advance, so that residents‘ opinions can be fully reflected.

13주차(2)

Why is it necessary to set up a vision for a future city? In the 21st century, urban competitiveness determines national competitiveness. In particular, it is no exaggeration to say that Korea, ‘where‘ 90 percent of the population resides in cities, is a city and a nation. It is necessary to present the direction of strategic urban policies in response to changes in the social environment, such as population decline and aging, and to redefine the roles of central and local governments. The development of industry and technology has caused environmental pollution, and the importance of environmental conservation has emerged due to the improvement of quality of life, so urban policies are established accordingly.

Most Korean cities are undergoing similar changes. As the population growth rate slowed down and became an aged society, and cultural diversity increased due to the increase in foreign residents, policies are needed to adjust the supply and demand of convenience facilities and reflect the demand of multicultural families. In addition, the quality of living environment, such as living convenience facilities and public transportation systems, is weak, and reconstruction is urgently needed due to the old houses. Moreover, industrial complexes should be reorganized as the acceleration of the decline in urban functions caused by reckless urban development weakens the city‘s economic foundation. The lack of diversity in urban culture and uniformity of landscape lack the individual city identity compared to advanced countries, so measures for cultural and landscape management should be established.

Modern urban policy builds a new paradigm from quantitative growth to qualitative internalization. It not only solves problems faced by population reduction and aging, but also seeks continuous development by strengthening the growth engine of the city.

In order to create a city that citizens want in the future, they should plan based on four big goals. First, we must build up a competitive core industry base and create a vibrant city center through regeneration. Second, it should be close to convenience facilities, be considerate of the socially disadvantaged, and establish a safe public transportation system. Third, we should create beautiful and unique landscape and enjoy various cultures and leisure life. Finally, the environment must be preserved and safe from disasters and crimes.

14주차(1)

The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport wants to present cities and new means of transportation that will enrich our lives. In line with the era of the fourth industrial revolution, the government aims to gradually develop the nation‘s large cities into smart cities nationwide.

Once the smart city base is established, smart urbanization of existing cities will be carried out. Smart cities can be divided into service, data hub, and infrastructure layers to solve modern city problems in a complex way.

The traffic in the city will also change. Commercialization of self-driving cars and unmanned aerial systems using drones bring innovation in space that transcends physical space.

It will also provide new growth engines for existing construction and transportation sectors. Introduce construction automation and intelligent maintenance system to advance the construction industry and build zero-energy buildings.

It also actively discovers and fosters potential new industries such as digital land and smart logistics, smart airports and new transportation services. The future industrial structure is growing as a new engine. These industrial and urban developments will serve as an opportunity to use clean energy, be much safer, and save time to greatly improve the quality of life.