출석 및 과제점검표(재택수업 스스로 점검하기)

학과: 국제관계학과

학번: 21618302

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과제1(제출일자)				O(10/20)
과제2(제출일자)				O(12/08)
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이름: 최상빈

강의 요약 정리

1주차(1)

강의 소개

1주차(2)

The rise of Corona 19 in human society is changing a lot throughout the life that mankind should lead.

In this change, the society that mankind will have to live in will be largely divided into two directions.

First of all, green policies will be implemented with a combination of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things for the sustainable development of mankind as well as the emergence of a return to an agricultural society to harmonize nature and human society. Therefore, in terms of the flow of change caused by Corona 19, our government should not be riding on the order led by the world‘s major powers, but should be able to use the flow of change as a springboard for the policy of combining digital and green as the keynote and take the most initiative among countries.

This policy is now part of the Moon Jae-in, as emphasized in the government and the New Deal -- k.

The K-New Deal is regarded as a reasonable and most satisfactory policy model by combining policies with two conditions, but implementing policies and succeeding step by step requires the following efforts.

First of all, in order for the K-New Deal to become part of a successful policy, the digital New Deal policy calls for the case of advanced countries, including the U.S., and in order for the green policy to succeed, it is necessary to advocate environmental policy cases of European countries centered on Germany and France. Therefore, in terms of policy, the K-New Deal should reconsider such areas as direction, sustainability and job creation in accordance with the case of developed countries and be reborn as a follow-up policy.

Through this, we should grow as an advanced country that can lead the fourth industrial society. Also, the key element of the K-New Deal is people and education. One of the main logic that penetrates the fourth industrial society is a value-oriented person with the ability to live together in a community society, while also requiring a creative talent award with the ability to apply and utilize abundant imagination to machines. The role of education is the most important in the process of nurturing and nurturing these talents as the main resource and member of society.

2주차(1)

To understand the study in the East and the West through the history of changing times, the East was centered on humanities, while the West developed into a center of science and has continued to this day.

How will studying be done in the future? In the future, as interdependence between countries increases gradually, borders will be broken down and information and communication technology will develop rapidly, and ai and coexistence with humans through the Fourth Industrial Revolution will gradually come to a generalized information society. In order to keep up with this trend of change, a brain training process is needed, and the training process should present a way to integrate and integrate information and communication technology, ai, into human society. In addition, education that combines elements such as race and culture using melting pot into one should be conducted.

In order to transform into such an advanced society, people‘s capabilities are more important than information and communication technology, ai, and in particular, current university students should be the leaders in changing society.

In order to achieve this social change, you should not only make minimal plans and study like animals. If you do so, you can only continue. Therefore, college students must plan and study sustainable development in order to become the leaders of society.

And we should be able to leave our footprints as historical figures by carrying out them with grand dreams. To achieve this, one must build empirical foundations in various fields and enjoy these processes, not just in interesting fields.

Finally, you have to build self-esteem for yourself. Most college students do not know their potential. This is because although there is a lack of various experiences, self-esteem is low or not formed because they do not know how to save themselves. Therefore, in order to build self-esteem, one must change oneself first through experience rather than building knowledge. And think about the group you belong to and what you can do in the group.

2주차(2)

Today, mankind lives in a society agriculture, industry and information coexist simultaneously. Thus, in order to exercise one‘s competence in a complex and highly developed society, constant efforts and sustainable planning must be established. So, what attitude should students maintain in order to exercise their abilities, make sustainable plans and implement them in a complex, ever-changing society?

First, students should make changes in how they learn. Learning is not about instilling the knowledge you have acquired into your head and moving on to your short-term memory, but it is important to understand and practice it after it has been embodied into your own. That is, after gaining knowledge, students need to practice repeatedly through at least eight hours of study to understand it. Subsequent knowledge should be available in various situations in any way.

Second, students should be able to meet basic requirements in any situation. The first of the requirements is a healthy body and state of mind. People who are physically weak and mentally unstable are bound to lose efficiency in whatever they do because they are not stable. Therefore, a healthy body and psychology should always be maintained. The second is not to act passively and in a fistful manner while pressed for time, but rather to be active but always do one‘s best and sacrifice for one-time life. To move passively and act in a fist way is not to do one‘s best about life given to one, but to avoid it, not to solve it in every situation. This life can only last. However, being proactive, doing your best and sacrificing yourself will foster the ability to solve problems in any field and under any circumstances.

Third, you should have a dream about the future. Today, society is becoming diversified due to the rapid development of information and communication technology and the advent of the fourth industry. In such a society, students must have a solid dream of the future in order to be able to perform. A dream is your present choice and your future self. The results of those who carry out and carry out their dreams according to their will and those who live as they are given without plans show a clear difference. These dreams are also future-oriented actions that can serve not only the happiness and development of their own organizations and groups.

Therefore, in order to survive in a diversified information society, students must be able to clearly understand what information society is and act according to the methods required by the information service society.

3주차(1)

I. Concept of Urban Administration

Urban administration is the subject of research on public activities occurring in a geographical location called a city, and the study of urban administration requires an understanding of administrative concepts and urban concepts. With the recent progress of the information society, the administrative area is expanding not only to physical space, but also to virtual space, and the trend of globalization and localization is becoming more pronounced, and cities are entering into an international competitive society that can exist only when they have international competitiveness. However, it is necessary to have the ability to actively cope with various changes because there is a lack of firm theory about change. As such, academic content is important, but most importantly, we should try to ensure that individual abilities have international competitiveness.

II.Various Views on Cities

1. Political Perspective

The political view carries out the function of formal control to keep the city in order with an emphasis on factors of population density and large scale, and to control urban problems such as housing, transportation, and environment arising from human resources and geographical spaces.

2. Economic Perspective

The most representative view and mutual activity of urban creation is that the city is created by the phenomenon of concentrated space, and the economies of scale and aggregation create and grow cities, develop markets in the central area based on the theory of balance, and determine economic activity patterns step by step. a productive city according to the characteristics of economic activity It is divided into consumer cities, commercial cities, etc.

3. Social Perspective

From a social point of view, the city sees its social, economic and political functions as diminished. A city is viewed as an organism in which various activities take place in an orderly fashion, and in particular in the city, people can exchange information, which can be seen as the life of cells, and as organisms exist even when cells are created and decimated, the city continues to grow, develop, and decline.

4. Administrative Perspective

Cities are classified according to general standards, the population size and the proportion of non-agricultural work is relatively high, and the area is divided into physical characteristics, and the administrative population is more than 50,000. According to these standards, the urbanization rate in our country is over 90%, and thus the distinction between rural and urban areas has become ambiguous theoretically.

5. Functional Perspective

Cities focus on a closed perspective focused on geographical space, but cities basically focus on the movement and mobility of the population and perform interdependent functions.

3주차(2)

I. Concept of the City
A city refers to the place ‘where‘ the king was in the past in the Asian society, and the place ‘where‘ the king is located is a place ‘where‘ many people live together. It also means a place to buy and sell things. In other words, a city can be seen as a place ‘where‘ many people gather to engage in economic activities and live.
II. Urban Components
Three common components of a city are:
1) Citizens
2) Activities: Local, national, and international activities
3) Land and facilities: land and various facilities that can accommodate human activities.
III. The essence of a city.
The nature of the city is as follows.
1) Collectivity: Cities are huge population groups and vary in size, but generally more than 2,500 or 10,000. Through this collectivity, various economic and social activities are possible.
2) nodularity: The function of economy, society, culture, politics, etc. is carried out with characteristics that include the central function and the region that is the core of the regional structure. In other words, it becomes the focus of attention of local residents inside and outside the city along with the concentration of population, and it is the place of frequent exchange of goods and services, thereby creating new values. In particular, nodularity is effectively produced at the point of high accessibility traffic.
IV. Landscape Characteristics of Cities
The landscape characteristics of cities vary by region, but most cities create their own landscapes according to social, economic, cultural and historical characteristics. In order to understand the visible landscape, invisible elements must also be understood, such as existing buildings, road networks, land use, and intellectual property, as components that constitute urban landscape, should be recognized as historically entrenched through various processes of change. Cities have higher density of buildings due to concentration of population compared to villages, with urban growth, the use of surrounding land is expanded, land use changes from agriculture to urban aspect, and the accessibility of urban land affects demand.

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I. Regional Structure of the Inner City
1. Concept of Regional Structure
The surface of the earth consists of various indicators, and the housing is said to be a regional structure when multiple sub-regions are gathered to play a role and the entire area is formed to perform different functions, just as the housing plays a role in each part, such as columns, walls, and roofs.
2. Regional Structure Inside the City
Within the city, commercial, industrial, residential and business areas with different characteristics gather to form urban areas. Urban regional structure refers to the relationship between the elements that make up the urban area and the whole. Urban regional structure means the arrangement state or arrangement form of the elements that make up the inner city and at the same time the relationship between the elements and the whole.
II. Localization and Regional Structure of Cities
1. Functional Regionalization
The basic unit that forms the economic spatial organization is the economic location, which has the characteristics of the smallest economic area. The arrangement of economic positions forms the basic regional structure of the city and aggregates economic positions with the same characteristics to form a higher economic structure. Such a regional structure means an economic regional structure, and the economic regional structure forms an economic location according to the land characteristics in land use, which is the starting point for the formation of a regional structure.
2. Concentration and dispersion of Urban Function
If an economic location with the same function in a particular area of the city is aggregated to form an aggregate, for example, in a restaurant, a financial district, and in a particular economic location, such as a retail business, an isolated location may be found that is formed in isolation between different economic locations.
3. Isotropic zone, nodular zone
Isotropic region: means the range of homogeneous or homogeneous indicators based on specific indicators.
nodular region: In the sense of internal structure, it means the range of isomeric indicators, but it has nodules that focus on the center and is functionally connected with the surrounding area.
4. Regionalization and Regional Structure of Cities
A city is a secondary and tertiary industrial production location and also a collection of consumption locations. In this case, it occupies a certain space, which is functionally combined with other areas, including homogeneous areas such as residential and commercial areas, and CBDs, creating a single nodule area throughout the city. This regional structure also creates a hierarchy of subregions under the control of the upper regions.

4주차(2)

I. Linear theory
Linear theory is the theory that the structure of a residential area in an inner city can be identified by a fan-shaped linear structure. The main content of the linear theory is concentric circle theory, which analyzes land use patterns such as housing and business, and this is used as an analysis index.
1. Regional Distribution Factors
It can be determined by population changes and economic fluctuations.
2. Changes in Urban Growth Form and Land Use
Vertical changes in density from low to high occur in apartments in the first single-family housing. Second, changes occur when a house is built on a site within an existing residential area. Thirdly, there is a horizontal expansion in which houses are built around newly arranged cities.
3. Why work areas are created around the city center
This is because of the first rapid population growth around the city and the decline in the population and purchasing power of the city. This is because of the traffic congestion or inconvenience of access traffic in the second CBD. This is because a third shopping center comparable to that of the city center will be developed.
II. Multi-Critical Theory
1. Background of Theory
The theory emerged in the paper "The Essence of City" in 1945 as it was argued that it was physically impossible for all urban functions to be concentrated in the central core, and that factors that separate urban functions by avoiding the central core were at play within the city.
2. Separator of Multi-Critical Theory
The following are the factors of separation of the multi-core theory: The first core is the highlands, and the second center of urban activity depends on the conditions of inter-city transportation and land space use. Third, each of the city‘s activities is dispersed and claims that several key points are formed in the city because of the advantages of being concentrated in one place.
3. Features of Multi-Critical Theory
The first central business district is located at the point ‘where‘ the city‘s internal transportation organizations gather. The second wholesale business district and light industry district are located on the side of the railway, which is the focus of inter-city transportation within the city, and are adjacent to the central business district. The third heavy industrial zone is located near the city. Transportation services affect the location rather than near the city center, especially pollution heavy industries on the outskirts of the city. Fourth, in general, luxury houses are well located and located far away from pollution.
III. Multi-dimensional theory
Multi-dimensional theory is a theory in which the inner structure of the city is identified in three dimensions. The first is the social class. This is the level of population economy, education level, and occupation level, which varies along a certain axis. The second is urbanization. It reflects the family composition, generation type, labor force, etc., and forms concentric circles from the apartment area to the suburbs with variables on urban residents‘ lifestyles. The third is the classification of dwellings by race. of or relating to race or race.

5주차(1)

I. Theory of Urban Growth and Structure
Planning theory has theories about the main issues of the theory and process of planning, i.e. urban, regional national planning, etc.
1.the correct standard of theory
Theoretical establishment is not only in exploring knowledge of truth, but also in securing the practicality to apply the theory and obtain results for the improvement of reality. To achieve this objective, there are four criteria:
1) The theory should have a dynamic aspect.
2) The theory should be able to explain empirical evidence and should be proven.
3) The theory should be consistent with internal logic.
4) Theory must represent phenomena.
II. Urban Residential Structure
Residential areas account for the largest number of areas in urban areas, and these areas vary by region, but the smaller the city, the greater the proportion of residential areas. A residential area provides a suitable residential space for urban residents according to their respective residential types, locations and characteristics. Urban geographers argue that the location of dwellings depends not only on the location of the dwelling but also on the type of occupancy, income level, housing type, head of household, race, marriage status, etc., and that they move their dwellings over time, so the amount of housing continues to change. In addition, housing generally proceeds in the direction of preference for own ownership, but not all urbanites can meet this objective.
III. Zoning of Urban Residential Areas
There are four distinct characteristics relating to the occupied land and residential location of residents in the city: First of all, they are not evenly distributed within cities, secondly there are spatial differences in density within cities, third in physical and structural forms, and also in the quality of fourth homes.

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I. Formation of primitive residential villages: Human settlements are closely related to the stabilization of housing or the formation of villages, and no such settlement system occurred before agriculture developed.

II. Greek Urban State: The biggest feature of Greek urban state is the autonomous city with democratic character, the classical democratic system embodied in urban planning, and the urban square, Agora and grid-type street network. The city center is the center of politics, economy and culture, and on the outside of the center, Acropolis is the center of religion and performs the central functions of civil life, including meetings, trials and socializing, called Ago in the city.

III. Urban Planning of the Roman Empire: Roman urban planning is based on Greek urban planning, Greece is interested in beauty and defense ports and fertile soil in urban construction, Rome is interested in pavement of roads, water supply and sewerage, and there are collective dwellings of lower classes such as public baths and insula.

IV. Formation and development of medi cities: Most medi cities are located in mountains and form solid castles, their forms are usually circular and consist of family names and arcs, and their physical characteristics were walls and markets and temples. The houses were small and the roads were irregular and narrow, and the main form of the city was built radially from the church square, which was used as a market square, and houses were located along the side of the road.

V. Renaissance City: The characteristics of these cities are the characteristics of closed clusters and the shape of the planar forms is octagonal and pentagonal, but the interior is lattice or radioactive cross-net.

VI. Modern Urban Planning: Major Korean cities, including the Seoul metropolitan area, coexist in areas with relatively urban features and underdeveloped areas lacking urban facilities in terms of excessive population concentration and lack of infrastructure in the surrounding areas. In order to overcome this regional imbalance and grow the city in a desirable direction, a reorganization of the regional structure is required.

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I. Urbanization Era
High growth involving industrialization has changed the industrial structure and regional structure. Urbanization concentrated capital and population in large cities, accompanied by the expansion of urban externalities. At the same time, urbanization has integrated central management functions in the city center, reduced the number of residents, and advanced expansion to suburban areas.
II. The Occurrence of Urban Problems
Urbanization leads to various side effects, with details as follows.
1. Due to the lack of available land due to the occurrence of air and water pollution and population density, and the difficulty of location of facilities and buildings causing housing and traffic problems caused by the inhalation of the daytime population, large cities have lost their integrated profits due to overcrowding and thus need more investment in large cities for the same level of welfare.
2. Occurrence of urban social pathology: The civil consciousness became sparse due to the urban megacity, the human relations between citizens were dissolved, and the loss of affection resulted in the lack of community consciousness. Thus, maintaining a city involves more regulation and administrative costs, and the larger the city, the more likely it is to bring about self-indulgence and disintegrate the community.
III. Informatization and Urbanization
1. Information production costs: When an information product is produced, it costs little to produce the same additional product. Thus, the marginal cost of additional production is close to zero.
2. Information transfer costs: Information is not limited to the scope of supply as the concept of distance is removed when the method of delivery is used, such as the Internet. Therefore, the size of the market will change to infinity.
3. Due to the nature of information products, location restrictions for producing information may be eliminated. When wireless Internet becomes common in the future, location restrictions will be eliminated and information will become common in virtual space to the Internet.

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I. Urbanization
Urbanization refers to the movement of population from rural areas to urban areas. Urbanization goes through the following process: Villages and cities are formed and they become larger as people begin to live. And residents will work in the central area. Urbanization relates to a variety of fields, including cities. Closely related to the fields of geography, society, architecture, economy and health and connected to modernization and industrialization.

II. Causes of Urbanization
Urbanization occurs organically or systematically as an individual and collective result. Urban environmental factors ensure opportunities and education, residential conditions and safety for labor market access and reduce time and cost. However, there are also negative aspects such as the occurrence of harmful social phenomena, alienation, and stress. As such, cities offer a variety of services, including specialized services not found in the countryside. These services require workers, and therefore city people have various jobs.

III. Economic Effects
May include increased effectiveness and cost changes as cities develop. From the tendency of urbanization to the driving force for urban growth and efficiency and fair urban development. This trend is positive in terms of cost reduction. And improve transportation, jobs, education and educational opportunities. Also, the residential environment and transportation are provided to individuals and families living in cities.

7주차(1)

I. Urbanization Overall Review
Urbanization can be classified into various urbanization according to its form. The architectural and planning methods and the historical growth of the region are representative elements of urbanization. In modern times, the pursuit of urban development, like the urban redevelopment plan, means new urban development. In cities, urban households do not settle in the center. The adverse effects of some developed areas or reverse urbanization have led to the movement of the population to rural areas, especially in families with high economic standards. This was possible due to the rapid development of information and communication technology. Also, factors such as fear of crime and poor urban conditions caused this phenomenon. The most important class conflict in today‘s poor countries of the world is not the conflict between labor and capital. Nor is it between foreign countries and national interests. It is between the rural and urban classes. The rural sector includes most of the poverty and most of the low-cost potential power generation. But the urban sector includes most clarity, organization and power.

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This week, the professor explained the attendance and assignment submission.

9주차(1)

Ⅰ. Corona 19 Status

Corona19 provides an unprecedented experience for mankind throughout human society. The quick end of Corona 19 requires attempts to solve urban problems from a new perspective and the need to gather forces of collective intelligence to respond systematically. The crisis of public transportation caused by Corona19, contraction of the sharing economy, expansion of non-face-to-face decision-making methods, work and lifestyle changes have dampened demand for spaces such as traditional office spaces, restaurants and entertainment establishments, so new standards for the installation and operation of facilities for collective use should be prepared. Countermeasures against Corona19 should be set up to be faithful to the basic purpose and principles so as to enhance the public nature and legitimacy of urban planning, as was initiated in urban planning to solve the problems of public health, sanitation and environmental pollution. Therefore, an urban management method that minimizes disruption of urban functions, such as urban blockade, should be prepared as a long-term countermeasure based on the assumption that infectious diseases will become indigenous, and the polarization of the digital economic era should be resolved through consideration for the economically and socially disadvantaged in terms of urban policies, planning, and design.

Ⅱ. Policy Measures for the Resolution of Corona 19

To overcome this Corona19, the public sector needs the following efforts: First of all, urban planning considerations for basic living areas should be strengthened so that daily necessities can be purchased within walking distance. To this end, the government should actively utilize closed stores or idle public facilities, which will contribute to improving access to basic public and private services. Second, the utilization rate of public transportation shall be increased by expanding investment for the prevention of public transportation and strengthening of services. The reason for this is that without activating public transportation, transportation problems in large cities are practically impossible to solve. Third, new management standards should be prepared for changes in land use and types of use of facilities. For this purpose, the standards for the installation and operation of facilities that can allocate land use area by use or systematically respond to infectious diseases should be prepared. Finally, it is essential to actively embrace innovation accelerated by Corona 19 at the urban level, but to be considerate of the weak. To this end, we need to use various online methods to expand communication and provide policy consideration to those who are less prepared to participate.

9주차(2)

I studied online through the Korea Regional Development Association‘s YouTube channel, among which Ha Sung-kyu, an honorary professor at Chung-Ang University, explained the housing policy and balanced regional growth. Professor Ha Sung-kyu explained the way to apply the balanced regional development relationship based on the housing problems and housing programs in Korea and the new paradigm accordingly to our situation. As housing demand is now changing anew in Korea, changes in population structure and population characteristics are taking place along with various housing units such as quantitative and qualitative problems and housing insecurity and real estate speculation. Professor Ha Sung-kyu explained the preferred housing types in Korea and also mentioned poor housing conditions. Housing has been relatively poverty-stricken, sharpening the gap between regions, indicating that it has turned into an issue we need to address in the future. The Seoul metropolitan area has a larger population than housing, which is the cause of inequality and unfairness. Later, he also mentioned housing issues such as quantitative and qualitative issues and real estate speculation, which he said could be seen as a representative case of Seoul with such complex problems. In order to solve these problems, a new method of solution should be presented, and the representative method of solution should be to resolve housing insecurity among social classes, implement universal housing welfare policies, enhance the capacity among local governments for balanced regional development, and implement housing policies that take into account regional specificities. After hearing this explanation, we understood that housing policy and balanced regional growth should be accompanied and important changes that could change the paradigm of housing culture in the future. I studied online through the Korea Regional Development Association‘s YouTube channel, among which Ha Sung-kyu, an honorary professor at Chung-Ang University, explained the housing policy and balanced regional growth. Professor Ha Sung-kyu explained the way to apply the balanced regional development relationship based on the housing problems and housing programs in Korea and the new paradigm accordingly to our situation. As housing demand is now changing anew in Korea, changes in population structure and population characteristics are taking place along with various housing units such as quantitative and qualitative problems and housing insecurity and real estate speculation. Professor Ha Sung-kyu explained the preferred housing types in Korea and also mentioned poor housing conditions. Housing has been relatively poverty-stricken, sharpening the gap between regions, indicating that it has turned into an issue we need to address in the future. The Seoul metropolitan area has a larger population than housing, which is the cause of inequality and unfairness. Later, he also mentioned housing issues such as quantitative and qualitative issues and real estate speculation, which he said could be seen as a representative case of Seoul with such complex problems. In order to solve these problems, a new method of solution should be presented, and the representative method of solution should be to resolve housing insecurity among social classes, implement universal housing welfare policies, enhance the capacity among local governments for balanced regional development, and implement housing policies that take into account regional specificities. After hearing this explanation, we understood that housing policy and balanced regional growth should be accompanied and important changes that could change the paradigm of housing culture in the future.

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Ⅰ. What is Geographic Information?

Geography is divided into three elements. ‘‘where‘‘ is the first one? Second, why are you there? The third is to pay attention to location information. Location information can be classified according to how many, what kind, and ‘‘where‘‘ it is. Geographic information is also being moved from region to world, and geographical information can be documented and classified as words, charts, graphs or maps.

Ⅱ. What is GIS?

GIS is a system that can display geographic information in computer software and hardware. To this end, manpower is essential to help produce geographical information. Through these tasks, geographical information can be analyzed and presented. Four key elements are needed for GIS production. The first is the location of space, which means geographical location. The second is information, which plays a role in diversifying views on information analysis. The third is the system, which brings together the software, hardware and information connections as a whole to perform its functions. The fourth is manpower. Human resources play a key role in the identification of geographical information.

Ⅲ. Power of GIS

GIS serves to provide a diverse perspective on geographical analysis by making maps paper or digital. It is also possible to collect vast amounts of information using scientific techniques, and the information collected is analyzed and used through visualization, production, analysis and marking. GIS plays a key role in providing geographic information in connection with GPS, ‘‘where‘‘ the two programs are linked to pinpoint the exact location for providing information, conduct surveys on specific sites, detect and analyze them through remote devices. These linked programs provide information in a variety of ways and play an important role in business activities. First of all, in the field of environment, it plays an important role in planning with preliminary research, and provides information to enterprises on location information services or transport systems. In the industrial sector, it provides necessary information in the process of securing communications and resources.

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Ⅰ. Data and Information

The data are not processed from facts or sets of numbers that represent the real world and are meaningless in itself. Information is a semantics derived from one or more data and is easy to share and can generate new information through analysis.

Ⅱ. Vector data and Lester data characteristics

The characteristics of vector data are expressed in dots, lines, and planes, and positions are recorded in x and y coordinates. Objects have size and orientation and can manage data. It is relatively simple to update and maintain data in systems that require precise management. However, there are complex and difficult aspects of data generation. The characteristic of Leicester data is to store and manage the data in cells or pixels. The structure is similar to the picture and the entire data is recognized as a single object. It is difficult to update data because it is easily acquired by scanning and the amount of data is huge.

Ⅲ. Advantages and disadvantages of vector data and Lester data

The advantages of vector data are similar to actual maps and can be expressed in high resolution. have high spatial accuracy Also, storage space is generally small. The downside is that the structure is complex and requires a high level of technology. And it costs a lot to build. The advantages of Lester data are simple in structure and easy to analyze. It uses relatively low levels of technology and is easy to acquire data. The downside is that it has low spatial accuracy and low resolution. In addition, the data capacity is vast and the data is treated implicitly.

Ⅳ. Structural Characteristics of GIS Data Management

The GIS data management structure is divided into four categories: plane structure, hierarchical structure, organizational network structure, and relational structure. A flat structure is fast to search for data and makes it easy to write programs. Hierarchical structures are capable of adding and deleting various records and are fast at searching for data due to high levels of records. Organizational network structures have diverse access paths to data and do not repeat data items. The relational structure is accessible to end users and is not affected by the addition of data or the establishment of new relationships.

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The 21st century is the era of planning, and our daily lives are starting with planning, and we plan to judge and analyze what humans want to do to predict the future and uate the results. Social development is being developed into post-industrial society and information society through industrial society, and information society will become common in the future. Modern society is in the process of developing into a pluralistic society. It is going through a decision-making process of consultation, coordination, and compromise with each other to ensure efficiency by various interest groups, thereby maximizing the interests of each group. This is the process of coordinating exchange and consultation between classes and organizations.

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The present is referred to as the planned era, but it is difficult to distinguish accurately. In theory, however, the classification of plans is classified as social planning and spatial planning, depending on the nature of public planning. Social planning refers to the whole field of social science, including politics, economy, culture, etc., and can be defined as a field dealing with the interests and public interests of the participating groups rather than with individual problems. Space planning is a plan for harmony with human activity patterns and spaces that accommodate activities, which can be seen mainly as physical planning. Planning is a process of writing plans realistically based on theoretical background, finding strategies for policy enforcement, or means of operation. The planning process varies depending on the planning objectives and definitions, but clearly in common is that the planning activities are carried out in a sequence of tasks, and the plan is drawn through a chain of goals and means. The plan is always future-oriented and currently lacks data or knowledge. Therefore, it is impossible to derive a reasonable alternative without considering the future status, necessity, and requirements for achieving the objectives of the problem. Therefore, to overcome this, data collection, analysis technology, information processing, etc. are very important, and the future must be predicted through quantitative and qualitative analysis.

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Urban planning is to plan water supply and sewage, transportation, sanitation, etc. for the development of cities and the promotion of public welfare. The purpose is to promote the development of cities and to contribute to the promotion of public welfare order and public welfare by prescribing matters necessary for the establishment, decision and execution of urban planning. The purpose of the national territory plan in the space plan is to present long-term policy directions in consideration of internal and external conditions, increase productivity, and improve the quality of life. Legal grounds include the Constitution and the National Territory Construction Comprehensive Plan Act. Our country‘s urban planning is divided into urban management plans with specific development directions and regulations based on the urban management plan and the basic plan that presents the development and future of the city, and the latter defines the overall matters concerning the formulation and implementation of the urban development plan. To establish urban planning, urban planning survey, urban basic planning procedure, urban readjustment plan formulation and decision, effectiveness of urban planning decision, annual implementation plan establishment process, urban planning establishment and residents‘ participation are conducted.

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The urban planning system is based on the National Land Planning and Utilization Act, which was enacted by reorganizing the existing system to solve the problem of reckless development caused by dual management of urban and non-urban areas. Through this reorganized urban planning system, non-urban planning methods can be expanded and managed in a planned manner. However, reckless development is still not completely resolved, so the urban planning system should make up for its lack, while making great efforts even now to meet changes in economic and social sectors. In the long run, urban planning should present directions and strategies for decision-making and seek ways to manage land use and development flexibly according to regional characteristics.

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The district unit plan is a plan that takes into account both three-dimensional building plans and flat land use plans for the cities and villages in which we live. This rationalizes land use, secures a good residential environment, and induces systematic and planned development of the area. The district unit plan, which is part of the urban management plan, is established by actively considering changes in conditions, such as growth and development of the relevant area, and the future. In addition, the ‘district unit plan by residents‘ proposal‘ can be established as a system to actively encourage residents‘ participation. The system encourages residents to diagnose problems themselves, seek solutions, and provide performance compensation such as mitigating behaviors to encourage activation.

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In modern times when urban competitiveness determines national competitiveness, it is important to establish a vision for a future city. A new urban policy direction according to changes in the environment at home and abroad should be presented to establish and develop a management system. Low carbon, green growth should be set up as an urban policy pushed by the state level, and problems should be solved to conform to the new urban environment, such as population reduction. Due to the lack of diversity in urban culture, the urban economic base has weakened and the response system to environmental pollution has been insufficient so far. Therefore, it should present a new paradigm of urban policy to grow into a competitive city ‘where‘ quantitative growth and qualitative internalization are promoted at the same time.

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With the advent of the fourth industrial revolution, smart cities are expected to be launched in earnest to ‘select‘ specialized complexes by subject and ‘select‘ smart urban districts to improve existing cities into national pilot cities and introduce data models. In the field of systems, artificial intelligence is responsible for the main functions of self-driving cars, safely operating self-driving cars and linking vehicles and roads through GPS to enhance the level of autonomous driving and establish autonomous remote systems using GIS. In order to activate this early in the private sector and in the market, it is necessary to develop it in accordance with the Green New Deal policy.

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