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학과:행정학과

학번:21606495

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이름:장윤진

강의 요약 정리

1주차(1)

강의소개

1주차(2)

Digital and Green New Deal emerged in modern society.

However, in sustanability, that overlooked significance of its motive force.

K-New Deal, which combines Digital and Green New Deal with education, is the supplemented theory with person.

The "K-New Deal" aims for not only economic development but morals and community in order to head toward well being.

It is very effective in the long term to expand human resources, which are growth engines.

In addition, by sharing individual knowledge and maximizing it, we can promote joint growth.

2주차(1)

Great people have achieved good results, but some of them reached the limit. Others, who gained worldwide respect and fame made good use of opportunities to lead social change. The difference of  them is that who changed the paradigm or did not. It‘s same not only in the past, but in modern times. We have to think about how we can live more wisely, and what is better through this history. In the Fourth Industrial Age, we should lead it rather than just accept future changes.

2주차(2)

Keeping body and mental healthy and studying more than eight hours a day are essential requirements for students. In addition, fourth industrial era using artificial intelligence has arrived after passing the agriculture, industrial, and digital society, therefore we should study the brain and develop it.

The solution is to study math. But in reality, there is no absolute thing about numbers, so we can‘t learn this from experience. Mathematics is different from language or history. Even if you don‘t experience it, you can prove it logically through inference. In other words, learning math not only builds academic knowledge but also trains rational thinking. That‘s why we have to study math.

3주차(1)

Why should we study the city? There is no need to divide rural areas and cities, but the urbanization rate in our country is over 90%. So it is absurd to do public administration without understanding the city. As the Digital Society progresses, the scope of public work is expanding not only into physical space but into virtual space. Creating an official site makes it easier to handle public work and we can plan effectively the city with satellite images. Therfore, we have to use well the virtual space to get or convey information easily.

3주차(2)

Scholars have proposed many criteria that define the concept of a city. In ancient times, the standards were different according to regional characteristics, but in modern times, cities in many countries have similar aspects both external and internal, so they establish the standards based on them. Cities are more densely populated and functioned in certain areas than rural areas, and administrative agencies are concentrated and autonomous. And cities are collections of virtual space and information because of their heterogeneity, anonymity, and mobility. Cities are industrialized, so the proportion of workers in secondary and tertiary sectors is higher than that of primary industries. However, with the advent of the era of convergence in earnest, the distinction is becoming increasingly obscure.

4주차(1)

The regional structure is that the part perform not only its original function, but another roles combined with other parts.

Cities are divided in many ways. Different economic positions are formed according to the characteristics of the land, and many of same positions come to larger group. Examples include financial and restaurant districts. Certain economic locations, such as retail, are also isolated among other types of economic locations.

The general urbanization process is concentrated when the production industry is formed with increasing population. Then, the consumption position is formed, and the non-based industrial position is formed.

The local structure inside the city is explained based on concentric zone theory. The growth of cities involves external expansion to form a new position. Surrounding the central business district is transitional zone, and satellite cities are formed outside of it. In addition, the concept of ecological time or cost distance can make up for that theory.

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Sector theory is a theory that explains the shape of a city by dividing residential areas according to the land price.

As the city expands, business areas are created in the surrounding areas because the population of the city decreases due to traffic jams in the city and the purchasing power decreases.

The population growth of surrounding areas and the development of shopping centers are also causing growth of surrounding areas. As a result, residential areas gradually move from the city centre to the suburb.

However, Sector theory is criticized for not considering cultural factors.

It is the multiple nuclei theory that complements this.

It explains that several central core within the city are separated.

The core is highland, and there are several cores. Each core has a function united by small groups that do same function

There is also a flaw that this theory did not take into account multistory buildings and in response, a multidimensional theory of identifying urban structures in three dimensions has been raised.

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Urban development is affected by traffic communication technology, accessibility and physical deployment.

Residential areas occupy the largest area of the city. Even more if the city is small.

The location of the dwelling continues to change and depends on the level of income, the age of the household members, the type of house, etc.

The location of residential areas due to urban development is increased or decreased by population inflow and outflow.

Factors such as low-cost housing, convenient transportation, and security are the factors of population influx into cities, and the factors of outflow include population saturation, job level and social conflict.

Other changes in the size of new jobs, households and income could lead to housing shifts.

Not applicable to all cities, but the most representative feature of most urban population density is that it decreases with distance.

5주차(2)

The city has existed as a human dwelling group since the Neolithic Age and has changed with civilization and times.

The beginning of the city was formed by people gathering near rivers that were easy to get water at the beginning of agricultural culture.

From there, each civilization develops, and accordingly the cities change into different forms.

Ancient Western cities are well known for their democratic cities of Greece, and sewage facilities of Rome.

Most medi cities are around mauntains and the feature is castle and round shape. Roads shaped of radial stretch from the square is irregular and narrow. There is a residential area along the small road.

Renaissance cities take the form of bastion with changes in fundamental paradigms about spatial structure and the development of new weapons. It is like closed bastion, and divedes into three areas. The lower part is water supply and sewage, the middle part is into functional flow lines of cargo, and the upper part is areas for gentlemen.

Modern Korean cities are required to reorganize their regional structures to overcome regional imbalances caused of population concentration and lack of local facilities.

6주차(1)

Since the 1960s, the high level of economic growth has caused global urbanization due to industrialization. Population movement is caused by rural discharge factors, urban aspiration factors, educational and cultural factors, policy factors, convenience facilities and environmental factors. This unplanned population concentration causes urban problems without proper measures. As many people live on narrow land, and as land prices rise according to the demand, it becomes more difficult to have a house. Moreover, traffic congestion, noise pollution, and air and water pollution can no longer be overlooked.

In addition, industrialization has caused social pathology. Civil awareness disappearance, lack of community consciousness, and the division of households created the problem of elderly people living alone. And as cultural and convenience facilities are concentrated in the city, the gap between regions widens.

However, with the advent of the information age, restrictions on information production and movement are being eased.

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Urbanization means the migration of population from rural areas to urban areas. This is a process in which cities are formed or grown. Urbanization should be distinguished from urban growth. Urbanization is related to the percentage of people living in cities while urban growth is related to the absolute number of people living in cities.

Urbanization relates to society, architecture, economy, urban planning, geography and public health. Urbanization can be defined in various aspects. Urbanization changes the social and economic environment, and this is that urbanization is not just a modern phenomenon. Mainly rural culture is being replaced by urban culture. Rural culture is mainly related by family and physical distance, but urban culture lacks a sense of community due to its competitive nature.

The movement of people like this will continue in the future.

7주차(1)

The existence of urban heat island is growing over the years. The sun‘s heat is mostly absorbed to the soil, but buildings and asphalt in the city are heated by it. The city‘s heating and cooling system makes it worse. So, Cities temperature is 1 to 3 degrees higher than rural area. It has the effect of reducing carbon dioxide absorption of soil.

Some scholars argue that urbanization has a positive effect on the environment. First of all, stagnant urban birth rates can reduce the environmental burden of population growth. Second, migration from rural areas reduces destructive farming techniques. It is said that urbanization can preserve the environment for many reasons. For example, it increases demand for products that adapt to the environment. Moreover, urbanization supports the environment through better living facilities. Urbanization also inhibits pollution emissions and prevents pollution by increasing the level of hygiene control.

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