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학과: 행정학과

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기말고사
과제1(제출일자)				O(2020.10.15)
과제2((제출일자)
계

이름: 김성균

강의 요약 정리

1주차(1)

Introduction of Classes on Urban Administrative Theory

1주차(2)

Corona19 has made the fourth industrial society faster and one of its big directions is the Digital New Deal and the Green New Deal. The reason why Korea is good at dealing with Corona 19 is that the values of our society are still alive. Taking masks, for example, because we have a culture of caring for each other and caring for others because of our values, all Koreans use masks relatively well according to government guidelines. We have a clear answer based on morality and creativity to the question of ‘where‘ to go about future crises. We must turn into people armed with morality and technology based on it. This is because future society will be transformed into a community and imagination.

2주차(1)

What should we do in the fourth industrial society? We must first respond to a paradigm shift. When you look at people who have historically left their names or are now making their names, they have shown pre-behavior in those days.

For example, in the era of infantry, Genghis Khan used cavalry as his main subject, and when everyone wrote Chinese characters, King Sejong made a great Hangul. As such, we must lead and change a new era, paradigm, from ourselves.

2주차(2)

The pace of development in our society becomes ever greater as we move toward an agrarian society, industrial society, and information society.We are now in the fourth industrial era with robots and artificial intelligence.In addition, the subscription economy began to emerge, such as renting and using goods rather than buying goods among people.The Fourth Industrial Age will consist of artificial brains and classes with aI. So what does artificial intelligence contain? It is mathematics in artificial intelligence.

3주차(1)

The concept of city administration, The concept of a city can be seen from various perspectives, political, economic, social, administrative, and functionally, is as the information society progresses, administrative areas beyond physical space to virtual space are expanding. Also Globalization and localization are also making it more apparent.

We need to take active action against this situation with understanding of the information society and how it converges between real and virtual. Therefore, individuals should try to be internationally competitive.

Recent events are transforming our daily lives into an era of uncontact. How will cities change and state operations change in this situation?

3주차(2)

The concept of the city. In the past, a very large village, crowded people or placed a marker, was called a city. Or it was a place ruled by the emperor or surrounded by walls. In administrative terms, It was referred to as a city ‘where‘ a number of people. As such, the concept of a city is diverse and cannot be explained in only one word. But as time goes by, the concept of cities is changing. As industrialization progresses, the difference between urban and rural areas gradually disappears. Also, as the area of the city increases, it also transforms other areas into cities. It called `Conurbation`

A city consists of three main elements. The person who lives there and the activity in the area, the area of the city. Look at the nature of  that, there are many people and the essential and central functions of the region are assembled. Besides that, traffic is highly developed. also it is easy to protect privacy because it is anonymous among people.

4주차(1)

The city is composed of many things. These components play their respective roles and form a whole and have another function. we can called it `Regional Structure`. The regional structure combines commercial, industrial, residential, and business areas to create a single city. Today, modern regional structures are becoming more extensive and fluid, including human factors.

The regional structure of the city is mainly economic, primitive, and has the characteristics of a minimum economic area. In particular, it forms an economic position in accordance with different land characteristics in land use and serves as a starting point for the formation of regional structures. For example, when a city is created, production sites of industries such as manufacturing and tourism are produced first, and people are gathered to work in those areas, resulting in more people and residential areas. As the population gathers in residential areas, the consumption location is created, and as time passes, non-based industries gradually emerge.

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1.  Buggess - Concentric zone theory : The structure of the city is divided into five categories `Central business areas, dot zones, worker housing areas, high-end housing areas, and commuter areas.` A concentric circle is formed according to these regions.

2. Hyot - Linear theory : With the central business district in the center of the city and the development of new transportation routes from the center of the city, wholesale and light industrial zones are fanned out.

3. Harris, Ulman - multiple nuclei theory : It is impossible for a city‘s layout to be formed around a single central area, and that land transfer around a central area, which is a few separate core, is formed around the core of each region.

4. Simmons - Multievel theory : The inner structure of a city can be identified in three dimensions and its dimensions are mutually independent and diverse. Social accounting is applied to linear theory, urbanization is applied to concentric theory, and racial segregation is applied to multiple nuclei theory. Each theory needs to be understood as one dynamic process.

5주차(1)

Residential areas occupy the largest area of the city. The smaller the city, the larger the residential area. It can divided into single-family houses, apartments (In Korea, buildings with many floors are called apartments), row houses(town houses), and ground-level common-wall apartment complexes. It may vary depending on the level of income, age, race, and marital status of the resident. The location and shape of the dwelling change but generally proceed in the direction of wanting to have the house. Looking at the changes in residential locations related to urban growth, residential areas become increasingly colorful as they are initially formed roundly brcause the city center and traffic develops due to poor transportation facilities. In the case of residential areas, people who gather to find employment opportunities, such as immigrants and immigrants from rural areas, or those from the same cultural space, live together.

In the case of the central business district(CBD), housing may be cheap or can be formed by workplace accessibility, proximity of public transportation, protection of personal privacy and safety.

5주차(2)

Ancient dwellings were not constant because agriculture was not yet developed. With the advent of the Neolithic Age, villages were formed according to areas ‘‘where‘‘ farming was possible, and examples of this were the Mesopotamia and the Nile river.

The ancient Greek city state(polis) formed a democratic system through Agora. The Roman era is based on urban planning. It has beauty and practicality of the city. Entering the Middle Ages, the fortress built around a mountains, was used as a refuge in times of war and was equipped with a market and temple. Through the Renaissance, the rapid development of science forms the shape of a closed castle that envelops the city in double and triple ways. The city was divided into classes and used differently by class.

Modern cities coexist with cities and development areas due to excessive industrial development and population concentration, and lack of surrounding facilities.

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After the World War, urbanization created a big city. with industrialization through economic growth. Big cities are concentrated in capital and population. Over time, the middle of city is the center of economic and consumer life, and other areas begin to be inhabited. Due to the increase in the world‘s population, the number of people living in cities is increasing and increasing day by day. Higher birthrates and lower death rates accelerate population growth in large cities.

Today, many problems arise because the population is not able to handle the enormous increase. It causes physical problems such as air and water pollution due to overcrowding, land shortage and transportation problems, and social and human problems such as weakening human relations between citizens, community disintegration and conflicts among residents. For this reason, the population of modern cities is moving back to the suburbs. In particular, as communication such as the Internet develops, the concept of distance disappears, and the size and boundaries of the market are becoming infinite. The current disasters such as Corona 19 are increasing the use of the Internet, further promoting the dispersion of the population.

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Urbanization is the shift of population from rural to urban. It means a decrease in the proportion of people in rural areas, a change in lifestyle. This is the process in which more people come and live in the city center. The United Nations predicts that by the end of 2008, half of the world‘s population will live in urban areas. This change will occur mainly in Africa and Asia. Because there are many urbanization going on in North America and Europe now.

Urbanization is related to various disciplines. A number of studies are linked, including urban planning, geography, sociology, architecture, economy, and public health. Therefore, urbanization cannot be determined only from one side. Urbanization is a change in human society and the basis of living itself, so resources should be used efficiently, sustainable energy development, and ecological conservation should be considered.

In urban culture, this unprecedented movement will continue and strengthen as urbanization progresses, forming competition with strangers rather than blood relatives.

첨부파일

7주차(1)

Urban heat island refers to a phenomenon in which temperatures in urban areas are higher than in other regions. Unlike in the past, most of today‘s cities are made of iron and asphalt, so they get enough heat during the day. As more buildings were built, the space for trees gradually disappeared, and this phenomenon grew bigger as the population of cities grew. ‘‘where‘‘ there are people in a city, there are air-conditioning and heating appliances and by using them, the temperature rises. Also, there are many cars and factories in the city, so the temperature goes up even more as carbon emissions increase. Especially, South Korea is considered one of the countries with a lot of carbon emissions due to its rapid industrialization. When it rains in these cities, carbon and harmful substances that float in the air come down with rain, which accumulates and absorbs on land.

Also, the rain falls on nearby rivers and oceans, so foreign substances contained in the rain are absorbed into there. They are enough to destroy the marine ecosystem if the water quality drops and the water quality decreases. The lack of oxygen causes algae, and it overspend oxygen. paradoxically, marine life dies underwater as these algae eat up oxygen. Some of them emit harmful substances, which are very lethal to marine life. These algal blooms reduce overall water quality, cause odors, and disrupt the oceans. They produce carbon dioxide as they die, and the ocean also absorbs these carbon and becomes acidic.

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