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학과: 행정학과

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이름: 임정균

2주차(1)

Farming societies were poor and information transmission was very slow. With the discovery of oil, the industrial society is able to escape poverty and achieve economic growth. However, environmental problems get serious and the information age arrives. In the information age, information travels at the speed of light. In the information society, many jobs will disappear and occur.As the information transmission power became as fast as the speed of light and globalization progressed, English became no longer a foreign language but a global language.

3주차(1)

So far, there is no explanation as to how the information society affects our lives. It is important to adapt to changes in the information society because individual competition is important in the information society. As it turns into an information society, the knowledge of the past is no longer conducive to the future.

The concept of a city

Cities mean that many people get together and do economic activities. But even if it has a large population, it is not a city. Cities should have a higher proportion of secondary and tertiary industry workers than 60 percent of the population. Today, however, this distinction is becoming blurred. Functionally, a city is defined as a collection of information. So, why do people gather in cities like Seoul?. This is because cities are a collection of information, enabling diverse and efficient activities.

3주차(2)

Urbanization

In 2008, half of the population will live in cities, and by 2050, most of the population will be urbanized and rural areas will be extinct. It is said that it is more reasonable to live in urban areas than in rural areas.

The reason is the difference in economies of scale. This is because the per-unit output of rural areas falls below that of cities, so cities can benefit more efficiently and economically than rural areas.

Gathering from nomadic society to become a rural society, and developing rural society to become an urban society. Urbanization shows that it is not a modern phenomenon but a historical change of global scale and is rapidly transforming rural society into an urban society. This is expected to continue for decades.

There will be super-massive urbanization in Beijing, Tokyo and Seoul in Asia, ‘where‘ urbanization is exploding today. In Mexico City, Sao Paulo, a large population is also moving to cities. As a result, the population living in the countryside will become smaller and poorer.

4주차(1)

Urbanization rates vary from country to country. The U.S. and Britain have higher levels of urbanization compared to China and India, but the annual pace of urbanization is slow because a small number of the population lives in the countryside. Some countries distinguish between suburbs and urban areas, while others have vague standards.

Urbanization comes as individual, commercial and government efforts reduce the time and cost of transportation and improve opportunities for jobs, education, housing and transportation. Living in a city has the advantages of many opportunities, but it also has the negative effect of having a station ‘where‘ only the poor live together. These poor people going to urban suburbs to reduce their negative effects is called the suburbanization phenomenon. At present, it is impossible to fully explain whether urbanization has exploded in places like China and India. Economic opportunity is one of the reasons for moving to the city. In rural areas, the overall quality of life is lower than in urban areas and it is difficult to access manufactured goods. In addition, life in rural areas is vulnerable to unpredictable natural disasters.

In developing countries, farmers in rural areas are losing their land and forced to move to cities as conflicts arise with the government over land rights. This mandatory and unplanned migration of government often results in rapid growth of city slums.

4주차(2)

Cities have many job opportunities because they have professional services that cannot be found in the country and they need workers for these services. Even the elderly are forced to move to cities with many doctors and hospitals. Also, many people want to move to cities such as various and good educational opportunities in cities.

The city of Yeondam, which has grown in size due to the migration of people, brings in not only non-urban populations but also other residents of Yeondam. You can think of Yeondam Manila as the capital of Seoul. More than 20 percent of the country‘s population lives in Manila. However, the largest autonomous city of Quezon has 2.7 million people and the capital city of Manila has a population of 1.6 million. As such, the Seoul metropolitan area also has an overwhelming and dominant power with 50 percent of the nation‘s total population.

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Environmental Effects

The urban heat island phenomenon refers to increasing heat production and holding as urban areas are developed. Plants and soil in rural areas consume a lot of solar energy to evaporate water, but urban areas absorb solar energy from buildings and asphalt and generate heat waves for cars, factories and cold waste board devices. As a result, cities become warmer than rural areas and have fewer plants and soil, thus reducing the reabsorption of carbon dioxide Stewart Brand‘s book, The Global Gyule, says urbanization has a positive effect on the environment. People in cities reduce the risk of environmental stress due to population growth as the birthrate falls. They argue that it reduces destructive farming techniques, such as rural hwajeonmin But this is an old argument. According to a report released by the U.N. Department of Economic and Social Affairs, a country with food insecurity should increase its food resources by as much as 70 percent with its population exploding. Urban areas will attract many people, causing health and sanitation problems and environmental nightmares.

Changing forms

Many people have immigrated to cities ‘where‘ advanced urbanization occurred, but in many developed cities recently people move to areas around the city rather than settle in the heart of the city. This is a shrinking city caused by the development of information technology and poor urban environment.

6주차(1)

A city is an art form created by man and represented culture, institutions, economics, and science and technology of its time The main purpose of urban planning was to show off the prestige of ancient cities with temples and palaces. Defense was the goal from the Middle Ages European invasion. Modern and modern cities have grown in production tecAhnology and big cities due to the Industrial Revolution. Cities of the future will be represented by both internationalization and globalization under the influence of informatization.

The big city theory argues that humans must have a purpose to walk, and that the path to purpose must be straight, and that curved roads are considered aimlessly corrupt, and that cities are like machines. This mainly applies to cities in the United States and to our country recently. Landscape urbanism says modern cities should be transformed from mechanized and man-made to pleasant urban environments that are conducive to human habitation.

The cities of the future are both visible and invisible. Invisible cities refer to virtual cities and city-related websites.

Much of the city‘s operating principles will be determined by information technology.

The local structure of the city

Regional structures are called regional structures when different parts of the region come together to play their respective roles and form an entire region, and perform another function. The local structure of cities is constantly evolving and changing, unlike rural areas.

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Regional Classification and Regional Structure of Cities

Cities are both production and consumption positions of secondary and tertiary industries. Cities are based on such infrastructure as manufacturing and tourism, and consumption positions are formed as the population is concentrated. The formation of the consumption location forms the position of the non-infrastructure industry. This process is mostly the general development process of the city. The urban development process in the information age can also be demonstrated online and the city can be described as a future city.

A Study on the Regional Structure of the City

Burgess‘s theory of concentric circles

The spot zone around the central business district is an area that aggravates the residential environment of the central part of the domestic industry and is mainly a factory zone and low-level housing.  Workers moving from these slums form a residential area for workers. And the theory of concentric circles is that middle and high-income residential areas and commuter areas are formed around them.  Just as criticism follows in every theory, criticism of concentric circles exists.

Critics say light industries are located throughout the city, industrial areas are adjacent to transportation areas, and high-end and mid-level houses ‘where‘ nuclear families live are located any‘where‘ in the city.

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multi-core theory

It is physically impossible for all urban functions to be concentrated, and within the city, there is an argument that causes the separation of urban functions by avoiding the central core.

The theory is based on the development of urban land use centered around several nuclei, with the central business district located at the point ‘‘where‘‘ the transport institutions in the city gather and the wholesale and light industrial zone located at the focal point of intercity traffic.

The core states argue that the larger the size of the city, the more diverse and specialized it appears, and that its function and character vary widely, with four factors working together. However, there are many criticisms such as that the multi-core mentality only takes issue with land use on the first floor and the concept of land use is not clear.

Theory of Urban Growth

Both Meier and M.Weber identified human interaction as the basic concept of urban structure. Meier argued that the emergence of virtual cities is possible if information technology is used for communications.

Gutterberg uses the concept of accessibility to view cities as transport.

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the origin of a city

Cities began to form as agriculture developed. During the Neolithic Age, an urban state was built in Mesopotamia and Nile River, an ancient oriental region ‘where‘ farming was possible. The Greek city state is a democratic city with a population of about 10,000 people, divided by the wall into the central and rural sections. Rome‘s city is based on Greek city planning, and unlike Greece, it was interested in paving roads, supplying water, and sewage. Even now, Rome still has a 2,000-year-old road.

Urbanization

Urbanization took place worldwide with economic growth since the 1960s. Urbanization has concentrated capital and population into big cities and has led to the city‘s external expansion. The nation‘s urbanization has been largely completed externally with the concentration of population, but has not been able to keep up with the functional aspects. As Korea entered the 2000s, urbanization rate exceeded 90%. Most people live in the city. Failure to come up with measures against such an unplanned urban concentration causes various urban problems. Air and water quality pollution, housing problems, and transportation problems are fundamental, and due to the overcrowding of large cities, investment in welfare also requires more investment in large cities. Due to the large scale of cities, it is a social pathological phenomenon in which civic consciousness becomes lessened and human relations are dissolved. Urban industrialization also increases demand for labor and shifts in the working population, which encourages urbanization as factory location leads to superiority over other areas.

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Planning theory

It is said that the plan is to predict the future and evaluate the outcome of human work by pre-judging and analyzing it. The planned activity of the industrial society was basically to collaborate with the division of labor through mass mobility. Planning behavior in the information society is the elimination of mass mobility and the conversion of diverse and unique products to production, distribution, consumption, and collaborative e-government to consumers. The plan originated from the pursuit of human rationality. Rationality here refers to being economically efficient. Human beings have limitations in recognizing truth and cannot solve problems by planning alone. Planning is a process of trying to get to the unknown and is determined by the person who makes the necessary motivations and plans for humans.

Studying is not by head but by health and strength and you should develop a habit of sitting in a chair for a long time.

It is important to focus and study as if you are watching a fun movie. At this time, the plan is to judge for yourself and make future choices. ‘where‘ will you get a job from now on? Are you going to give up school and study something else? To make this choice, we must plan for ourselves.

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Planning Characteristics

Planning is a process and tool that achieves an ordered set of objectives. The plan emphasizes the practice of choosing formalized values, established means. The ultimate goal is to know information about the future that is needed at present. Planning has some consequences and allows sub-targets to achieve higher goals. In other words, there is interdependence between objectives. To help decision makers make rational decisions, the various alternatives are described in detail to help them make desirable policy decisions.

Planning process

Facts, which are descriptive statements that include moral standards of value and just relationships, are closely related. A factual statement reflects an individual‘s worth and one‘s experience depends on the value of an understanding of facts. It is possible to make a factual argument about value. In order to achieve an important goal, we need to work out an advanced and detailed plan in conjunction with the goals and means. In other words, the goal can be achieved only by managing and controlling the plan.

The process of planning must first know your problem. We have judged ourselves by memory so far, and it is important to judge our strengths and weaknesses in the future. And set the right goals for you. The results of the objectives can be predicted in advance through quantitative and qualitative analyses. Establish an optimal alternative to the goal and analyze its validity as to whether it is an option that is continuously practicable. and assess whether the plan is intended to achieve a given goal. It is important to plan and practice these courses for your goals while attending university.

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Urban Planning and Planning Theory

Urban planning was seen as a physical facility until the 1950s, but recently, as the information age went into full swing, the virtual space plan and the Economic and social planning is converging and developing in virtual space. Urban planning has turned into a comprehensive plan, not a piecemeal one.

A plan was established to induce co-operative and non-preciprocal elements to interact with human behavior and to develop each other. Cities were connected to close proximity surrounding areas and expanded to regional or national territory plans. In other words, urban planning has turned into a comprehensive plan that takes into account functional, stereoscopic, international, ocean and space as well as spatial planning.

Urban planning is dynamic, not static, as a process of reflux, in a goal-oriented and future-oriented way, repeating decision-making from goal setting to business planning.

10주차(2)

In Korea, people who are diligent are often poor because there are situations in which society cannot keep up with the marketing system even though Korea follows the U.S. marketing system that values efficiency.

Cities should not only plan for scientific development, but also for human values and environmental issues.

The urban plan is to grasp the change of understanding the rapidly developing scientific methods, the perception of values and the wise judgment of things related to human society.

A model in which a plan is planned ahead of time, reasonably finds means and conditions for achieving the goal, and plans are formulated, decided, executed and executed through rational decision making.

This is called a comprehensive rational model, which is an idealism theory that is theoretically possible but not practical. In this regard, there is an anti-comprehensive theory, a middle position between ideal and reality. It‘s a theory that‘s used a lot in developing countries, and planning is based on the ethics, values, and utility of society. They claim to have been constantly developing. South Korea is showing signs of conflict due to its strong assertiveness of conservatives and progressives. This is a stumbling block to becoming a truly advanced nation, while ignoring the fairness of society, with too much emphasis on efficiency in the course of growth. For example, taxi drivers who are against Uber are demonstrating. Planning theory is a theory to establish investment plans in undeveloped areas and to solve problems in developed regions. It is a theory based on planning and interacting with the active participation of residents.

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What is gis?
‘where‘ it is and why it is there and its characteristics are explained.
It‘s geography. gis is a system consisting of computer soft and hardware that helps to analyze and manipulate spatial location, information, and systems.
We often mistake gps for gis, gps are gis‘ products and gis is how spatial data is visualized, manipulated, and displayed.
A pixel is made using satellite images and a backter is to add information to satellite images.
It is possible to make various satellite maps using gis, such as population distribution, roads, and interaction tables.

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GiS can use raster data as backtur data. We have practiced this as a math problem that utilizes woolen paper since we were young, but we do not understand Lester and Backter data because of our math education system that values math only.

The topological structure of GIS is a representation of the position relationships of points, lines, and planes, which can be made by representing the population distribution data on the map.

However, it should be remembered that gis is an analysis program, not a picture program.

Urban planning refers to the process of planning and implementing a desirable future for a city. All urban planning in our country is based on the National Territory Planning Act.

To implement for the promotion of public welfare and for the enhancement of the quality of life of the people. Currently, the nation is facing urban problems such as housing, transportation and environmental problems as its population is concentrated in the Seoul metropolitan area due to rapid industrialization.

Urban planning is necessary to solve city problems and to prevent future problems to lead the city in a desirable direction. The national territory and urban planning of our country are divided into three categories: the metropolitan city plan, the urban basic plan, and the urban management plan. The Metropolitan City Plan presents a long-term direction of development, the Urban Basic Plan presents a change in the regional spatial structure to the socio-economic future, and the Urban Management Plan embodies and realizes the direction proposed by the Urban Basic Plan in urban space.

12주차(2)

When two or more of special cities, metropolitan cities, adjacent to the wide-area urban planning, functional interconnection between the Spatial Structure of the military for wide facility maintenance to conserving the environment.The leaders proposed a long-term development plan. Wide-area infrastructure, Spatial Configuration design. It plans function sharing, landscape planning, environment preservation, cultural leisure space, etc.

The Urban Basic Plan is a comprehensive plan that provides basic spatial structure and long-term development directions for the areas under its jurisdiction, and is a guide to the urban management plan. It is a comprehensive plan to predict and prepare for changes in the living environment of the residents, including the urban environment, social and economic aspects, and it is a long-term plan to provide the future by supplementing and modifying it every five years for a period of 20 years. It is a plan to present strategies for the preservation of land development and efficient urban management.

The Urban Management Plan is a legally binding plan for the private land use of residents and is a plan to clarify and realize the contents presented in the Metropolitan City Plan and the Urban Basic Plan. Land Use Areas, Land Use Areas and Land Use Areas are designated for the promotion of public welfare by restricting the use and height of buildings. Unlike Land Use Areas, ‘where‘ only one area is designated for a particular area, Land Use Zones can designate two or more Earths over and over again. Land use areas include residential areas, commercial areas, conservation areas, and local environment conservation areas, and the Land Use Zone has scenic areas, conservation zones, and facility protection zones, while the Land Use Zone has development restrictions and urban natural park zones.

13주차(2)

Urbanization rate increased rapidly due to the population gathered in the Seoul metropolitan area, and urban renewal policy was implemented to overcome the aging and growth limits of urban centers. Urban regeneration is shifting to an urban policy paradigm aimed at improving the quality of people‘s lives, but residents also feel low and lack government support. In addition, limitations exist in creating policy effects due to lack of community activation and cooperation between ministries. Currently, the nation is facing a halt to national development due to the country‘s low birthrate and accelerating aging population. In particular, low birthrates are related to the productive population and the long-term reduction of the total population. The economic potential growth rate has also continued to decline due to the effects of low birthrates and aging population. With this leading to the decline of the city, the importance of urban renewal and compressive management should be extended over the expansion of existing cities. As urban decline and residential environment deteriorate across the country, urban co-prosperity phenomenon and urban management costs are increasing as the population is leaked to the outer corners of the city through development. However, the population drain in cities is only taking place in areas surrounding large cities, and the polarization of the population is still at a severe rate, as is the case with smaller cities across the country and areas feared to be wiped out. The gap between urban cities and regions has led to the widening polarization of jobs and living conditions between regions. Major advanced countries are setting policies to draw participation and cooperation through policy decentralization. The current government is pushing for the Urban Renewal New Deal. The four major goals of the urban renewal New Deal are realization of housing welfare, restoration of urban competitiveness, social integration and job creation.

However, it remains to be seen how much of the budget will be spent on the policy.

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The five tasks of the New Deal are to support aging cities with basic living infrastructure at the level of advanced countries, to promote regional economic resources to the surrounding regions by creating innovation hubs around them, creating jobs through revitalizing the local urban regeneration economy, creating a system for residents‘ participation, and inducing co-prosperity among its members. Previously, the New Deal Roadmap for urban renewal was developed around large residential development areas outside the city, but it has recently changed to urban policy of creating innovation spaces in areas centered around the area and living together with low-income people. Previously, the New Deal Roadmap for urban renewal was centered on suppliers, causing many social conflicts. Recently, it has been changed to establish a governance support system that is centered on the participation base of residents‘ communities.

Future City Vision

In the old days, the competition between the city and the city was now a competition between the city and the city. With 90 percent of the population living in cities, urban competitiveness is a period in which the nation‘s competitiveness is determined. This is a time when strategic urban policies were needed in recognition of social changes caused by the shrinking population and the advent of an aging society. The decentralization took place in earnest, necessitating the re-establishment of the roles of central and local governments, and cities around the world are setting urban policies aimed at low-carbon green growth. Since 2000, the nation has seen a rapid slowdown in population growth, shifting from an aged society to an immigrant one, increasing cultural diversity due to a continued increase in the number of foreign nationals here.

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The paradigm of the nation‘s urban policy is that growth is no longer possible in quantity. In other words, the growth of the population has become impossible. From now on, it has changed from quantitative growth to qualitative growth, a future urban policy that will revive the city‘s aging areas. No matter how good a policy is, it will fail if it is not fully reviewed.

Daegu also implemented the Milan policy, but it failed because it did not thoroughly review the policy.

Future City sets and sets up four vision and policies for competitive vitality city, convenient living city, attractive cultural city and clean green city. Supporting cities below average should develop the region evenly, but there is still a lack of consideration for underdeveloped areas  The government should turn the aging manufacturing-oriented industrial complex into a futuristic Chumdam industrial complex with a competitive industrial base. Smart cities should be created beyond ubiquitous cities. A smart city means IOT, which means connecting everything to the Internet. IOT can be seen as true qualitative growth, a fourth industrial revolution. Future cities should be cities ‘where‘ the socially disadvantaged can live the same way as ordinary people. Housing security for low-income families and the environment for the socially disadvantaged to be easily accessible any‘where‘ should be created.  Cultural contents suitable for urban characteristics should be discovered and spread. For example, you should blow up the city‘s story like Kim Gwang-seok Street in Daegu or create the city‘s cultural values like the Busan International Film Festival.

Future cities should save energy and install new and new energy facilities to become low-carbon cities.

15주차

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