출석 및 과제점검표

학과: 행정학과

학번: 21705671

주(날짜)	출석(당일)	지각(해당주)	결석(그이후)	과제	비고
(9/3)	○				수강정정기간
(9/5)	○				수강정정기간
2주차(1) (9/10)	○
2주차(2) (9/12)	○				휴강
3주차(1) (9/17)	○
3주차(2) (9/19)	○
4주차(1) (9/24)	○
4주차(2) (9/26)	○
5주차(1) (10/1)	○
5주차(2) (10/3)	○				휴강
6주차(1) (10/8)	○
6주차(2) (10/10)	○
7주차(1) (10/15)	○
7주차(2) (10/17)	○
(10/22)	○				중간고사
(10/24)	○				중간고사
9주차(1) (10/29)	○
9주차(2) (10/31)	○
10주차(1) (11/5)	○
10주차(2) (11/7)	○
11주차(1) (11/12)	○				재택수업
11주차(2) (11/14)	○
12주차(1) (11/19)	○
12주차(2) (11/21)	○
13주차(1) (11/26)	○
13주차(2) (11/28)	○
14주차(1) (12/3)	○
14주차(2) (12/5)	○
15주차(1) (12/11)	○				특강
(12/12)	○				보강
(12/17)	○				기말고사
(12/19)	○				기말고사
(11/5)				과제1 ○
(12/14)				과제2 ○
계	32	0	0	2

이름: 송현지

제 2주차(1)

* We produced machines because of the difficulty of living in an agricultural society, which led to the start of an industrial society.

* However, the production of many machines caused environmental pollution. so the information society was started.

* The information society has expanded its virtual region. As a result, many human-capable jobs have been eliminated.

* Daegu, for example, grew its economic growth power through the textile industry, but its economic growth rate dropped as times changed.

* Therefore, in order to adapt to changing times, we must have the ability having international competitiveness.

제 3주차(1)

* The time has come when individual competitiveness has become important as an information society.

* In the past, individual capabilities were assessed, but in the information age, computer skills were assessed as well.

1. definition of city

* In the past, a city is a place ‘where’ there is ruler and many people gather to live in economic activities.

* But city standards are becoming blurred as the age of convergence approaches.

2. component of city

* The reason people flock to cities is they have more jobs than rural areas.

* In other words, they have many functions compared to rural areas.

제 3주차(2)

* The metamorphosis of cities and conurbation refers to the phenomenon of different cities merging together as they grow larger. In other words, the phenomenon of large cities absorbing surrounding areas and growing.

* In Korea, urbanization has exceeded 90%. However, urbanization has caused rural alienation.

* The rural alienation occurred because the economies of scale and the economies of aggregation did not occur in the rural areas.

* In the hunter-gatherer society, the village was not built. But gradually the village began to form. In other words, it has become an agricultural society from a nomadic society.

* As the city became more urban, it became less friendly with the people around it, and environmental pollution became worse.

* The reason the global village  has become possible is because of the development of the Internet and the formation of English, a common language.

제 4주차(1)

Movement

* Population migration is a phenomenon that takes place in developing countries. Population migration does not occur in developed countries because it has already occurred.

*  The reason why urban growth occurs in Asia and Africa is because of industrialization in there

* United States and United Kingdom have high urbanization level but they have low urbanization rate. The reason is that urbanization has already been done sufficiently.

* Should the population be concentrated in cities when the information age is reached? In the information age, the population may be concentrated in cities, but it can also be dispersed.

Cause

* Living in cities permits the advantages of the opportunities of marketplace competition. The reason why marketplace occurs is because competition makes things cheaper.

* Farm living has always been susceptible to unpredictable environmental conditions. for example Typhoon.

* Everyone says the farmer works the hardest but gets the least amount of money. It means Farming is relatively unprofitable.

제 4주차(2)

In China, ‘where’ land acquisition measures are forceful, there has been far more extensive and rapid urbanization (51%) than in India (29%).

* The people have the right to use China‘s land. but the ownership of China‘s land is held by the state.

* This is because India is opposed to government action by organizing an army of farmers.

Due to cases like Greater Manila, conurbation rather than city is more apt.

* This means a city can‘t be a big city but conurbation can be a big city.

Greater Seoul is one conurbation with massive dominance over South Korea, it is home to 50% of the entire national population.

* It used to be possible to compare the metropolitan area with the provincial area, but now it is impossible to compare it with the provincial area because it is overwhelmingly high.

Often pricing the local working class out of the market, including such functionaries as employees of the local municipalities.

* The entry of cheap labor into the area has made people who lived in the area were not allowed to live there.

Which pushed the new labouring poor into great morasses of misery outside the centers of government and business.

* The separation of classes led to rich people living together and poor people being pushed out.

The drive for rapid urban growth and often efficiency can lead to less equitable urban development.

* This leads to a different residential environment in one city.

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* Daegu should go from the textile industry to manufacturing. we should focus on the energy industry and revive Daegu‘s economy.

제 5주차(1)

The phenomenon of Urban heat islands

* To prevent this, make sure that the wind blows well when building a house.

* We plant trees on the roof of our apartment building by doing a recording business on the roof.

The reason why cities are hotter than rural areas.

* This is because they emit a lot of heat from their homes, factories, and cars.

* Because the asphalt is black, it absorbs heat.

In countries already facing food insecurity due to changing environmental conditions

* South Korea can prevent floods through forestation projects, but North Korea does not carry out forestation projects, making it difficult to prevent floods.

* In Korea, rice is self-sufficient, but other crops are not self-sufficient. Therefore, the preservation of seeds is important.

Which simply describes that people who used to be at the periphery of the former empires now live right in the center.

* This means that the poor people who lived on the outskirts flocked to the city center, leaving those who lived in the center of the city fall into the suburbs.

It has contributed to the phenomenon of shrinking cities experienced by some parts of the industrialized world (City of Taebak, Daegu Metropolitan City?).

* In Taebaek, many people flocked to dig coal in the old days, but as coal was not needed, many people escaped. So Taebaek revived the local economy through tourism.

* Since Daegu is a hot city, it should be a heat industry using solar heat, not a water industry.

제 6주차(1)

Pro-poor urbanization will require labour intensive growth, supported by labour protection, flexible land use regulation and investments in basic services.

* This means that poor people from rural areas flocked to the city and many labor-oriented factories were built.

Concepts of control of the urban expansion are considered in the American Institute of Planners.

* Our country continues to expand its cities. An example is a new city in Seoul.

The growth process of a city

*  In Athens, Greece, there are many buildings that were built before the beginning of the year, ‘where’ as in Korea, there are few buildings that were built before the beginning of the year.

Symbolic landmark

* In our country, Gwanghwamun is a symbolic landmark.

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* European buildings are built of stone, so they can last for a long time.

* European roads are made of stone, making them uncomfortable to drive, but American roads are made of asphalt, making them convenient to drive.

An urban problem

* Because of the structure of our society, it is hard for the poor to live even if they work hard. The poor will become dissatisfied with society.

A city of the future has a city that is visible and a city that is invisible at the same time, with all functions remaining.

* In the old days, for example, police used to go and adjust traffic lights themselves, but now police control traffic lights by computer.

Urban Regional Structure and Urban Spatial Structure

* The local structure explains the planar structure, but the spatial structure explains the three-dimensional structure.

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* Because most of the factories in Daegu are textile factories, it is hard to revive Daegu‘s economy. Therefore, we need to quickly change Daegu‘s economic structure to recover Daegu‘s economy.

제 6주차(2)

Concentration and Dispersion of Urban Function

* Some functions work well when crowded and others when detached.

Isomorphic region, Nodule areas

* For example, nodule areas are formed at intersections.

Regional Classification and Regional Structure of Cities

* The tourism industry bring in money from outside areas.

* The reason why tourism is not so good is because there is not much to see. Korea had many wooden buildings. But these were all destroyed.

* The highway Tollgates due to isolation in the area. This is because it is difficult to access areas without Tollgates.

* The money paid to tollgate goes to the place tollgate is located, which widens the economic gap with regions without tollgate.

Burgess‘s concentric theory

* The theory of concentric circles is similar to the principle of throwing stones into a pond and creating wavelengths. The bigger the stones, the bigger the wavelength.

Criticism of concentric circles

* If yellow dust occurs, the rate of defects in Gumi electronic factories increases. Therefore, it is not possible to have an electronic factory in Incheon.

* In other words, the factory is located according to the characteristics of the area.

H. Hoyt‘s Linear Theory

* If a person living in a detached house goes to an apartment, it is difficult to live in due to financial burden.

* Society in the United States has developed a culture of automobiles. But, bus, subway culture is not developed.

제 7주차(1)

Multi-core theory

* Multi-core theory takes into account cultural and social systems.

* High rent means that the land price is too high.

* It is assumed that the inner core of the city is multiple, not one.

* It is advantageous to have only one supermarket in front of the apartment. In other words, retail trade creates disadvantages when aggregated.

Multidimensional theory

* Multi-dimensional theory says that the inner city is made up of several dimensions, not planes.

* The recent increase in the number of divorced families has reflected the labor force of women.

* Previous theories have looked at cities statistically, but Multi-dimensional theories believe that cities are constantly changing and changing.

IV. Theories on Urban Growth and Structure

* The need to represent a phenomenon means that one should be able to explain the phenomenon as it is.

* The concept of accessibility centers on how to improve accessibility.

V. Residential structure of the city

* The original concept of an apartment means that it is all a rental house.

* Restrictions on apartment ownership will greatly reduce the rental industry.

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* Questions are being raised about how an information-communication society without substance will affect the city‘s real space.

제 7주차(2)

1. Zonation of residential areas of the city

* The reason why cities continue to grow is because they migrate to cities from the outside.

2. The process of succession of residential areas

* Filtering process of residential areas: This means that when wealthy people live in apartments and their apartments become dilapidated, wealthy people fall out and poor people enter the apartments.

* Rural people continue to live in one place of residence, but urban people constantly change their place of residence.

3. The inner residential zone

* Over-crowding means a regulation of how many people should live in a house.

4. Reasons for the Movement of Housing to another Residential Areas

* There are many reasons for moving, especially in our country, people move according to education.

5. Slum clearance and urban renewal

* The model of "The Three Zones Structural Theory" expresses that the closer the city center, the higher the land price, and the farther away the city center, the lower the land price.

Week 5. The changes of cities

2. The changes of Western cities

* Rome used to pave roads with stones and still uses them.

Week 6. Urbanization

1. The Age of Urbanization

* Urbanization is completed outwardly, functional urbanization is still occurring. This means that without city facilities, only people are gathering.

* The nation‘s urban population has doubled every 10 years, which is causing rural areas to decline and collapse.

2. The Rise of Urban Problems

* The country has a high attachment to the area in which it lives, but the city has a small attachment to the area in which it lives.

* As Family Disorganization happens, more and more households live alone. As a result, more households are living with their pets.

* Our country has more problems than other countries because of rapid urbanization.

* For example, there are growth gaps between regions and housing problems.

제 9주차(1)

Week 7. Definition of Urban Planning

* Life depends on how well you carry out your plan.

* It is important to study 8 hours a day and to be healthy in body and mind.

* Studying with a high degree of concentration can make images in your head.

1. Definition of Planning Theory

* Smart means going in the right direction for itself.

* Various interest groups should cooperate with each other, but this is not working well in our country.

3. Concept of Planning

* A plan is a way to go in the right direction.

* College is the process of building a leader.

* We must study to fit the changing society. You should study with the information society at the center, not with the industrial society at the center.

* There is a judgment when making a choice.

4. The environment surrounding planning

* If everyone wants welfare, there will be a shortage of money to support it. Therefore, collecting individual preferences does not lead to a desirable direction.

* If you make one car, you can‘t produce it indefinitely. A program can be produced indefinitely with just one creation.

* Man is not omnipotent. Human beings are always limited.

* Because resources are limited, they should be well distributed so that the most effective development can be achieved.

5. Purposes of planning

* Because resources are limited, they need to be well preserved. Also, you should use your time well to make plans.

제 9주차(2)

6. Planning Characteristics

* Each of the ultimate objectives of planning implies a need in the present for information about the future.

* Planning is employed to bring about results. It is a step in an ends-means chain leading to that which is desired.

* Subtarget becomes a means of higher goal.

* The next goal is the means of the next goal. And the chain is formed.

7. Planning process

* The crucial question is: how to proceed from a general objective to a specific program?

* It‘s important to set goals and decide what to do specifically.

2. Classification of plans

* Problem diagnosis: I  have to figure out what I can do well and what I can‘t.

* Goal articulation: When you set a goal, you specifically determine the sub-targets.

* Prediction and projection: Currently, information collection and analysis techniques are highly developed. On this basis, we must grasp how the future will change.

* Alternative plan: It is to establish the best alternative among the various alternatives.

* Feasibility analysis: In order to continue to do so, we need to figure out whether it is feasible in real life.

* Evaluation: It should evaluate whether it is a realistic acceptable plan or an impossible plan.

* If you have any problems, you should correct them.

제 10주차(1)

Week 9. Urban Planning and Planning Theory

I. Classic Approach to Urban Planning

*  The original people who live there can not live there be.

* If a new apartment is built, the people who used to live in  do not have the financial resources to pay for it.

II. Modern Concepts of Urban Planning

2. Urban planning and high-level planning

* Urban planning is divided into urban planning, regional planning and national planning  according to space.

* Urban planning is divided into social planning, economic planning and physical planning according to function.

* Urban planning has recently expanded into sea planning and space planning.

4. Future Planning and e-Government

* In the future, data should be downloaded and used freely.

III. Types of Planning

* The physical plan of the past has recently turned into a facility-oriented plan.

* Facilities-oriented planning is well illustrated in such examples as the subway to Youngnam University.

* Regional levels are distinguished by national planning, regional planning, city planning or town planning or country planning and international planning.

* Long-range planning refer to 10-20 years, medium-range planning 2-5 years, and short-range planning within a year or so.

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* It is important that the body and mind are healthy.

* It‘s important to do your best for a small thing.

제 10주차(2)

V. Theory of Urban Planning

* First, it is based on understanding modern scientific methods and using them.

- Scientific methods became possible through computers, etc.

2. Disjointed incrementalism

* There is a limit to human ability to solve all the problems at hand.

- We get a lot of information through the Internet, but we can‘t get all the information.

* Unbalanced Growth Theory

- The ‘selection’ of several cities developed by investing heavily in them. This is because the nation did not have the financial resources to invest in every city.

3. Mixed-scanning

* Set up a number of alternatives to achieve your goals and ‘select’ viable alternatives there.

5. Advocacy and pluralism

* South Korea has been unable to reach a compromise due to the claims of various interest groups being raised too strongly.

- Each group makes an infinite effort to represent the interests of one‘s group

* The democratic participation of the people

- In our country, we represent the interests of the residents through urban renewal projects.

6. Transaction theory

* The process of combining the planner’s thoughts with the resident’s action is desirable.

- This refers to the merging of the interests of the residents and the interests of the accounts.

8. Cooperative Urban Planning Model

- Governance means changing from a vertical society to a horizontal society.

ex) University graduates gather to ‘select’ an environmental gastronomy center. This will leave high school graduates no ‘where’ to go.

ex) The surrounding cafes are being damaged by running cafes in churches and cathedrals.

- This is due to the fact that society as a whole is not considered. That means not considering the socially disadvantaged.

제 11주차(1)/ 재택수업

* Geography

What is Geography - What is ‘where‘/ Why is it there/ Why do I care

* Got Data

Location Data/ Scale of Data/ Data Presentation

*A Definition of GIS

spatial location/ information/ system/ personnel

* Not GIS

GPS/ A static map/ A software package

*Spatial Data

80% of all data has spatial components.

* What is GIS

- method: visualize, manipulate, analyze, and display spatial data

- Smart Maps

* Way to Input and Visualize Data The World in GIS

- Raster - Grid: "pixels"/ a location and value/ ex) Satellite images, aerial photos

- Vector - Linear: Points, lines & polygons/ "Features"

* Data for GIS Applications

Digitize and Scanned Maps/ Data Bases/ GPS/ Field Sampling of Attributes/ Remote Sensing & Aerial Photography

* Some Ways GIS is Used

Emergency Services/ Environmental/ Business/ Industry/ Government/ Education

제 11주차(2)

* What is not GIS

- This does not mean that it is not GIS, but it means that there is very little that is not GIS.

* Two ways to input and visualize data the world in GIS

- Daegu Airport‘s runway is only one-half that of Incheon Airport. Therefore, it is hard to fly.

- Vector means a row.

- A database is organized to show the number of people, age, age, and gender.

- However, school education is not keeping up with this.

* Five Data Layers/ "Alike Features

- Countless amounts of data together form a real space.

- Data can be aggregated or separated.

* Some Ways GIS is Used

- GIS shows you the fastest way to get out of a fire

- You can find the fastest way to ship through GIS.

- Through GIS, we can tell ‘where’ business works

- The GIS first came out for military purposes.

- GIS shows which classrooms are empty and how they are being used.

- Through GIS, we can see ‘where’ and how much of the employment effect is.

* Ecosystem Management

- GIS indicates which trees should be planted according to region

제 12주차(1)

Week 9-11. What is GIS

Some Ways GIS is Used

- Satellite imagery shows fine dust spreading.

Ecosystem Management

- Through GIS, we can see how we will manage the forest fires.

Oil Spill and Contamination

- Through GIS, we can see how oil spreads when it is spilled into the sea.

Model of Future Trends

- In the future, the aging population will be getting worse. Through GIS, you can see when and how many funeral halls will be increased.

Week 9-11. GIS Phase Relationship

Data Structure of GIS Shape Data

- Lines are formed by connecting points with points.

Setting of phase relationship

- Connectivity: Line 1 is the connection between Point 10 and Point 11. Line 2 is the connection between Point 11 and Point 12.

- Contiguity: Line 1 is the boundary between Plane A and Plane B. Line 2 is the boundary between Plane A and Plane C.

- Area definition: The area of B is the connection of line 1, line 5, line 8, and line 6.

Week 12-13. Urban Planning System

What is urban planning?

* The housing problem

- The number of houses in our country is larger than the number of households. Why bark more houses when the number of houses is higher than the number of households?

- As people gathered in Seoul, there was a shortage of housing. To solve this problem, the number of homes has increased more than the number of households as homes have been built in areas around Seoul.

제 12주차(2)

Week 12-13. Urban Planning System

What is the system of national territory and urban planning?

* Urban basic planning presents a vision for the future, even in socio-economic terms.

- Urban basic planning can presents a future vision because it presents a long-term direction of development.

What is the plan for metropolitan cities?

* Establishment of Urban Green Management System

-  For example, Hwangseong park was surrounded by buildings around the park, causing ecological isolation. Therefore, it should be addressed by the urban green management system.

What is a basic urban plan?

- The urban management plan is established based on the urban basic plan.

- Urban management plans present action plans and urban basic plans present strategies.

What is the Urban Management Plan?

- The building-to-land ratio is the proportion of buildings on first floor of the city area.

- The floor space ratio is the proportion of buildings on all floors of the city area.

- Unlike other plans, urban management plans are open to residents.

제 13주차(1)

Week 14. District Unit Plan

Type of District Unit Plan for Type I

* Maintenance of existing urban areas in need

- Make a disorderly network of roads orderly. It also makes a disorderly building orderly.

* Regions that require the preservation of existing towns

- Most of the buildings in the West are built of stone and are still in use.

- Most of the buildings in our country were wooden and disappeared.

What does the District Unit Plan establish?

- It seeks long-term development by properly deploying infrastructure.

District Unit Plan Based on Residents‘ Proposal

- This system aims to develop our village based on the opinions of the residents.

How does community participation work?

* Residents themselves participate in planning and improving the city‘s environment.

* Embody the public works and plans needed for cities

* The residents manage the city by themselves through participation by residents.

* Suggests the desirable direction of management of the city and its future appearance.

Week 15. Future City Vision in 2020

1. Urban Regeneration New Deal Background

- In our country, cities were formed and people were not brought in, but people were brought in and cities were formed.

- As a result, many urban problems such as housing problems occurred.

제 13주차(2)

Week 15-16. Future City Vision in 2020

Performance and Limitations in the Past

* Caused by the Intrusion of Small Residents

- If a house is removed and an apartment is built, the person who originally lived in the house will not be able to live in the apartment.

- Because his economic power is not good enough to cover the price of an apartment.

- It will make him do the same thing if he goes to another area.

* Community revitalization and lack of collaboration with ministries

- The cooperation between the ministries is poor.

Low birth rate, aging population and low growth.

* A low birth rate

- The work force is gradually decreasing. So a system was proposed to require those who do not marry to pay more taxes.

- However, there is a limit that the system did not take into account those who wanted to get married but could not.

- In the old days, cities grew in large numbers, but in recent years they are not. As a result, the importance of urban renewal and compression management has grown.

- In order to create jobs, new industries must be created.

The National Decline and the Continuation of Urban Outdoor Development

- The urban center is gradually declining due to the focus on the development of the outer area.

Expanding the Local Crisis and worsening the Physical Settlement Environment

- There are many uninhabited houses in the provinces, and there are many elderly people living in houses ‘where’ people live.

- Too much exposure to the external environment results in high dependence on specific industries.

Habit of the United Nations

* Economic Sustain ability and Embracing

- Can quality jobs come from the urban regeneration industry? Many new jobs need to be created in the fourth industry.

제 14주차(1)

Week 15-16. Urban Regeneration New Deal Road map

The Top 5 Promotions of Urban Renewal New Deal

* Maintenance of Deteriorated Low-rise Residential Area

- It is going to expand basic living infrastructure in old low-rise residential areas.

* Create the Old City Center for Innovation

- Restores regional competitiveness by creating the Old City Center.

- A shopping intrusion is a phenomenon in which a shopping mall is driven out of its owner if it is successful.

Urban Regeneration New Deal Road map Before & After

- Since our country built buildings in wood, the damage to the buildings is severe. So in order to build a building in the area, you have to demolish the wooden buildings before you have to build them.

- Social conflict is severe because the building was built after expelling the residents who originally lived there.

- The original inhabitants of the area continue to live in the area and urban regeneration projects must be carried out.

Week 15-16. Future Urban Vision 2020

1. Necessity of Establishing Vision for Future Cities

* A Study on the Direction of New Urban Policy in Response to the Changes of the Environment at inside and outside

- It has been developed on the premise that the population will expand so far, but now the population is decreasing, resulting in an aging society.

* Establishing Urban Policy Direction in response to the National Goals of Low-Carbon Green Growth

- Regulations on fine dust are becoming stronger.

제 14주차(2)

Week 15-16. Future Urban Vision 2020

2. Current Issues in our City

* The weakening of the city‘s economic base

- The function of the city has declined as the development from the city center to the outside of the city has expanded

* Uniformity of Urban Cultural Diversity and Landscape

- Almost all housing estates are surrounded by apartments, so the landscape is similar in any area.

* Insufficient system for international response to environmental issues.

- For safety reasons, nuclear power plants are being shut down.

3. A New Paradigm of Our Urban Policy

- There are many dilapidated houses and they need to be restructured.

4. Vision and Objectives of Future Cities

* Competitive Vitality City

- Create a vibrant downtown through urban renewal projects.

* Convenient Living City

- Our country lacks a system for the socially disadvantaged. North Koreans are not protected when they come to South Korea.

5. Future Urban Forms in Korea

* Urban Regeneration Connected to Urban Function Protection and Specialization

- The most decisive criterion for considering backward levels is income. If regions fall short of the national average income, the level of backward is high.

* Space for R&D function of high-tech and knowledge-based industries

- The hotel is connected by a worldwide network. But there is still a dearth of hotels in Daegu.

제 15주차(1)/ 특강

The Attitude of the Scholars to Open the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

1. Introduction

- Form a network society through content, platforms, and networks.

2. The Rise of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Change of Regional Innovation Ecosystem

- The age is approaching when one person has two or three jobs.

- In the era of the fourth industrial revolution, we should think about what capabilities we should have.

- We need a position that is acceptable in a creative and flexible form. And this is the basic direction of intellectuals.

3. Partial Innovation Policy Challenges in Response to the Fourth Industrial Revolution

- With the system unstable, we should consider which job to choose.

- I have to find a job ‘where‘ I can display my individuality.

- A multi cultural and multi-ethnic society is coming, and the low birthrate and aging population are getting serious. Also, urban functions are concentrated around Mega City.

- In rural areas, the number of single-generation and elderly people living alone is increasing due to the aging population.

- Collaborative networks are becoming important as cross-country network communities are spreading.

- Every industry is turning into a converged IT industry.

- We have to think about what industries the administration should turn into.

- In order to address public sector rigidity, private sector creativity is needed.

- Innovation and trust-based administrative services are important.

- It is changing into a customized system for consumers.

4. Direction of Sectoral Innovation Policy in Response to the Fourth Industrial Revolution

- For rural areas, fostering network communities is necessary.

5. The attitude of a scholar

- I have to have the ability. Ability does not mean study, but values, leadership