출석 및 과제점검표

학과: 행정

학번: 21408240

주(날짜)	출석(당일)	지각(해당주)	결석(그이후)	과제	비고
(9/3)	○				수강정정기간
(9/5)	○				수강정정기간
2주차(1) (9/10)	○
(9/12)					추석연휴
3주차(1) (9/17)	○
3주차(2) (9/19)	○
4주차(1) (9/24)	○
4주차(2) (9/26)	○
5주차(1) (10/01)	○
(10/3)					개천절
6주차(1) (10/08)	○
6주차(2) (10/10)	○
7주차(1) (10/15)	○
7주차(2) (10/17)	○
(10/22)					중간고사
(10/24)					중간고사
9주차(1) (10/29)	○
9주차(2) (10/31)	○
10주차(1) (11/5)	○
10주차(2) (11/7)	○
11주차(1) (11/12)	○				재택수업
11주차(2) (11/14)					수능
12주차(1) (11/19)	○
12주차(2) (11/21)	○
13주차(1) (11/26)	○
13주차(2) (11/28)	○
14주차(1) (12/3)	○
14주차(2) (12/5)	○
(12/11)					특강
(12/17)					기말고사
(12/19)					기말고사
(11/5)				과제1 ○
(12/14)				과제2 ○
계	23	0	0	2

이름: 고홍주

2주차(1)

As the information society progresses, urban administration has expanded into virtual space as well as administration taking place in the geographical places of cities. In an information society, each city must have international competitiveness. Each city has a website, and the information on the website is updated very quickly. The city‘s website is also internationalized enough to provide information in Arabic.

3주차(1)

In recent years, administrative districts have been reorganized such as city integration and linkage of cities. We should be able to anticipate how cities and rural areas will change in the information society. As technology develops, farming takes place even in cities other than rural areas. So we need to worry about the concept of the city. In the information age, the essence of the city is convergence―for example, computer and human fusion, industry fusion.

3주차(2)

Due to the industrial revolution, urbanization such as suburbanization of residential areas has been progressing. Urbanization is reasonable, and further urbanization will proceed. Korea has no vision among urbanized countries. This is because concentration is so concentrated in Seoul that productivity is lowered due to regional imbalances. While working in Daegu, there are many people who have a home in Seoul, which causes traffic jams. This is a very unproductive behavior and we have to solve this problem.

4주차(1)

Population shifts from rural to urban areas continue to increase. As a result, by 2030, more than half of the world‘s population will live in cities. Most of the urban growth will occur in developing countries such as Asia and Africa. Urbanization has the advantages of proximity and diversity. But urbanization also has negative social impacts of loneliness, alienation and stress. Suburbanization has emerged in an effort to reduce the negative effects of urbanization. Rural life is vulnerable to unpredictable natural disasters and is described as hot and exhausting.

4주차(2)

Globalization has reduced the political power of farmers further, leading to forced urban migration. Unplanned hasty urban migrations lead to slum expansion. Older people also move to cities to meet their health needs. The dominant conurbation offers something similar to what the city offers. Korea has Greater Busan-Ulsan, whose population is being taken away by rival Greater Seoul. It is important not to flock to Seoul but to balance other areas as well. Economically, when rural populations move to cities, wages are lowered, resulting in class separation. Rapid urbanization is an obstacle to balanced development.

5주차(1)

Unlike the countryside, the phenomenon of Urban heat islands occurs as the heat generated is not dissipated. It is no exaggeration to say that the city is all paved with concrete and asphalt. City buildings and roads heat up in the sun and do not cool down at night. In addition to sunlight, cars and factories also emit additional city heat, which causes environmental problems such as global warming. Stewart Brand, however, argues that urbanization has a positive impact on the environment. This is because, as urbanization progresses, the population decreases, reducing the risk of environmental stresses caused by population growth. In contrast, the UN argues that a humanitarian and environmental nightmare was induced as a result of the combination of climate change and urbanization.

Different forms of urbanization are distinguished according to the architectural style of the city and the planning method, and the form of the city continues to change. The cities of developed countries are poor in the center, and when they go to the periphery of the cities, rich areas appear, which is called reverse urbanization.

6주차(1)

Urbanization can be artificially planned and occurs naturally. There are many reasons for urbanization, including military, aesthetic and economic reasons. The city is a composite art that represents the era. Ancient cities were designed to show off grandeur and dignity, while medieval European cities were designed to defend against invasion. Rural city theory and landscape urban theory should harmonize cities and rural areas to enhance the efficiency of production activities and to enrich life. Today‘s cities are influenced by metropolitan theories, and the roads are designed to be tiled. However, in pursuit of efficiency for the rapid growth of the city, the problem of inequality and poverty deepened. In addition, there will be various problems such as housing problems, transportation problems, and environmental problems. The city of the future will have both a visible and an invisible virtual city. Regional structure refers to a case ‘where‘ a plurality of regions are linked to each other to perform a new function.

6주차(2)

In general, urbanization begins with the formation of production sites for infrastructure industries such as manufacturing and tourism. Only when they are formed does money flow from the outside, the population is concentrated, and consumption sites are formed. These changes can be simulated using digital technology and track the future of the city. The restaurants and gas stations in the rest area should be moved to the surrounding small towns in order for the small towns to develop. The problem is that Korea‘s social structure is too concentrated toward Seoul. Burgess argued that the growth of large cities would expand in concentric circles formed into five zones. But M.R. Davie criticized the central business districts of large cities as being irregular and not circular. H. Hyot insisted on a linear theory that classification should be done with residential areas to understand the structure of the city. Hyot divides the city into highlands, midlands and lowlands, and defines population changes and economic fluctuations as distribution factors for these zones.

The work area is located around the city center because the traffic in the center is crowded. Daegu has recently set up a KTX station in Seodaegu, but it is more efficient to improve the traffic lines inside Daegu.

7주차(1)

C. D. Harris and E.L. Ulman argued for a multi-core theory, criticizing that it was impossible to concentrate all functions in the center of the city. Multi-core theory states that the function of a city is to avoid the core and to be separated around multiple nuclei. The larger the city, the more diverse and specialized each core is. Similar urban activities, such as financial institutions, are profitable by the accumulation, while urban activities, such as retail, are also damaged.

J. W. Simmons insisted on the multidimensional theory that the internal structure of the city can be understood in three dimensions: social class, urbanization, ethnic or ethnic classification. Multidimensional theory is applied to linear theory at the social level, concentricity theory at the urbanization level, and multi-core theory at the level of racial segregation.

There are many other theories about urban growth, including Meier‘s communications theory and Weber‘s A framework emphasizing human interaction. Based on these past theories, we must anticipate the pattern of future urban forms. The formulation of the theory should be able to secure the applicability of reality, not just the inquiry of knowledge.

Residential areas occupy the largest area of the city and can be classified according to the type of housing, type of ownership and location. The location of a residence depends not only on its location but also on the type of occupancy, income level, housing type, age of the head, race and marital status. As time goes by, people‘s dwellings move, and the amount of housing keeps changing.

7주차(2)

The inhabitants of the city are unevenly distributed in the city, and the physical form varies depending on the residential location. Since residential location is sensitive to changes in occupation, race, and income, changes in residential areas continue to occur. The poor live mainly inside cities with high employment opportunities. Affordable home prices, the same cultural group, and the proximity to public transport and work are factors that drive the population. On the other hand, job changes, social conflicts and the dispersion of employment opportunities are factors that drain the population. The creation of new households and changes in family size are also reasons for moving to other residential areas.

Humans lived in settlements as agriculture developed, which led to the formation of cities. Greek cities include Agora, the center of civil life, the city center, which is the center of political, economic, and cultural, and the Acropolis that is the center of religion. In Korea, urbanization has progressed since the economic growth of the 1960s, and urbanization is nearing completion. However, it is a problem that only a lot of people are gathered and the facilities are outdated. The issue is whether to continue development in the center of Seoul or to make balanced development. Urbanization is also underway worldwide, especially in Southeast Asia and Latin America in recent years. These countries concentrated on large cities due to high fertility rates, low mortality rates and low population sustainability in rural areas.

Unplanned urban concentration of the population has caused social problems such as environmental pollution, transportation problems, lack of citizenship, and breakdown of human relations.

9주차(1)

When asked what is creation, you can offer Dubai‘s sand skiing area. Who can think of it? Unlike animals, humans live very different lives because they make plans. Planning is about predicting and preparing for the future, which comes from the pursuit of rationality. With the advent of informatization, planning has changed and is now changing to cooperative governance. Modern society is a pluralistic society that makes decisions by coordinating and compromising various interests.

For an individual, planning is the process of determining the desired future behavior through a series of choices. For example, go to college or get a job. Individuals need to plan because it is easy to act according to their preferences. Personal preferences are not necessarily desirable behaviors. In addition, resource limitations and incomplete human knowledge indicate the need for planning. The plan is aimed at efficient and rational action, complementing and replacing market functions and broadening choices. Humans lack the wisdom and ability to make decisions for others or for society. Only you can make decisions for yourself. So in democracy, choice-making is by majority vote.

9주차(2)

A political form that is superior to democracy has yet to emerge. Under democracy, the principle of majority is followed, because one person cannot make decisions for another. Even if you followed your parents or teachers until they were teenagers, when you became adults, you should choose and make decisions.

To do this, you have to make a plan, which has the following characteristics.

First, planning may be direction-oriented: planning may be directions of change as well as terminal states. Second, planning is the process of acting to realize a goal.

Third, the plan is future-oriented: The ultimate goal of the plan is not about the present but about the future. For example, the plan is to bring awareness of yourself five years later.

Fourth, the plan is comprehensive: you need to plan for a variety of alternatives to choose from.

The plan is made through the process of Value formation, Means identification and Effectuation. In the value formation phase, values are formed by factual statements and personal experiences. In the Means Identification phase, the goal is an iterative process of turning into a means. At this phase, the general objective should be set in more detail and in stages. For example, rather than a vague goal of becoming a government official, you should plan in detail, such as planning to study English or taking a lecture on the Internet. It is important not only to make a plan, but also to put it into practice, and the effectuation phase is related to the management and control of the plan.

Public plans are classified into social plans dealing with public interest and spatial plans aimed at harmonizing human activity patterns and spaces.

10주차(1)

It is important to match the format when submitting the documents. The content is of course important, but documents that do not fit the form do not even have the opportunity to be reviewed.

Modern cities are being changed by the interaction of many different variables. Therefore, it is meaningless to try to solve the urban problem only by superficial phenomenon. In the past, using land was all about urban planning, but now virtual space has also become part of the city. Therefore, it is necessary to go beyond urban planning for real space and to virtualize real space, and also to plan the virtual space of urban city. In other words, urban planning is not fragmentary but comprehensive. In addition to engineering factors such as architecture and civil engineering, non-engineering factors such as economics, the environment, and education must be considered. A negative example ‘where‘ non-engineering factors are not considered is the redevelopment area. In the case of redevelopment areas, the original residents are driven out of the area due to expensive housing prices. This happens because the government did not take into account the socio-economic stance of the residents. In addition, when planning a city of the future, attention should be paid to maritime space and aerial planning. For example, if the government expands the port in Jukdo, Yeongdeok, and connects it with land through bridges, it will grow as a tourist attraction. The upper plan is the overall land plan, and the lower part is the regional plan. Urban planning is goal-oriented, future-oriented and undergoes a reflux process. In the future, creative urban planning, which will cooperate with citizens, will be the main focus. There is nothing that just goes without a plan.

10주차(2)

Coercion with urban planning is for public welfare. And urban planning is needed to coexist with nature.

This is because sustainable development has emerged as an important value in recent years. In rural areas, there are only roads for cars, and there are no roads for people or animals. These days, fine dust is a problem, which has a negative effect on the industrial environment, such as increasing the defective rate of the product. It is also important to plan within the budget to make it work.

Planning theory has been changed from rational model to partial gradualism and selection theory. Comprehensive rational model is idealism that sets goals in advance and finds all means to achieve them. In other words, they make plans, decide policies, and execute them through rational decision making. However, the comprehensive rational model incurs huge social analysis costs.

Partial gradualism is fragmentary in that it seeks relatively small changes and only considers viable alternatives. In addition, it is impossible for all cities to develop throughout, so they must first develop some cities and spread them throughout the country. Korea succeeded in increasing the overall pie, but has difficulty in distributing it.

Mixed-scanning is the approach of planning theory to value systems by discerning fundamental policymaking and individual decision making according to planning functions.

Choice theory sees the urban planning process as a process of choice for future action and goes through three stages: value judgment, alternative choice, and implementation of selected alternatives.

The advocacy theory seeks to establish a new distribution process for the urban common people and argues that the plans of each interest group as opposed to the public plan should be actively reflected in the public plan. In the case of Daegu, Kim Kwang-seok street is an example of urban planning in which residents participated, but in this case too, the countryside is excluded.

Transactive theory argues that governments and residents should form a transactive relationship through mutual learning and that residents should actively participate in the urban planning process.

11주차(1) / 재택수업

GIS is based on geographic information.  We own a lot of data through information technology.  Specifically, it has location data, scale of data, and data presentation.  Such data is transformed into knowledge through GIS. GIS is a system to help analyze and present information that is tied to a spatial location. In other words, GIS is a method to visualize, manipulate, analyze, and display spatial data. Paper maps or static digital maps are not GIS. Nor should it be confused with GPS. GPS is a system that can measure your position in real time from any‘where‘ based on dozens of satellites. GIS are smart maps that connect a database of maps. A picture is worth a thousand words. Likewise, visualization is worth a thousand words. There are two ways to visualize data: Grid and Linear. Maps and databases interact under the GIS system. Connections can also occur between multiple databases. GIS is used ‘where‘ver spatial data analysis is needed. Examples include emergency services, industry transportation, education and environmental monitoring. GIS is also used to ‘select‘ business sites. In addition to getting information about the current state through GIS, you can predict future trends.

12주차(1)

GIS can be represented by three W : What is ‘where‘, Why is it there, Why do I care. GIS is not just a picture, but a collection of data. GIS is a software system that provides information related to spatial data. More than 80% of the GIS data consists of spatial data. All studies can be analyzed by spatial data. Most of the data in the virtual space comes from GIS. GIS is everything that makes spatial data visible, manipulated, analyzed, and represented. But GIS is very difficult to interpret. If you convert a lot of numbers and words into pictures, it is easier to see. GIS data can be converted into images via raster or vector. Rasters are in pixels and represent locations and values. A vector consists of points and lines and represents characteristics such as size, type, and length. Image maps and datebases can be converted to each other. GIS is used in a variety of fields, including the environment, industry, education and the military. In particular, modeling of future trends through GIS is important. For example, many wedding halls are turning into funerals as the birthrate decreases and the elderly population grows.

Urban planning refers to a series of processes aimed at establishing and implementing a desirable future vision of a city. Population has been concentrated in cities, resulting in overcrowding and enormous urbanization, and urban planning is needed to solve urban problems. Housing problems are particularly acute as locals flock to Seoul for employment or study and the number of single households has increased recently. To solve this problem, it is not necessary to build more houses, but to promote balanced development between regions.

12주차(2)

Wide-area urban planning is a long-term plan to interconnect two or more adjacent cities. An example is a city bus that runs between Daegu and Gyeongsan. Wide-area urban planning presents development directions and guidelines for metropolitan planning rights. It plans a wide area facility, such as a waste disposal system, or a spatial structure, such as multi-centralization of a base city. It also promotes the establishment of an urban green management system, which includes Dalseong Park in Daegu and Hwangseong Park in Gyeongju. In addition, it establishes regional management based on disaster risk and wide disaster prevention information transmission system. For example, as recent earthquakes occur frequently, disaster information is delivered on a wide-area basis. It also establishes leisure zones and develops regional tourism products.

Urban planning is divided into basic plan and management plan. The basic plan is a comprehensive plan for long-term development, and the management plan is a concrete action plan. The basic plan sets goals that reflect the characteristics and status of the region. It covers not only the physical and spatial aspects of the city but also the environmental, social and economic aspects. The management plan is a statutory plan that is binding on the private land use of the residents. Specifically, plans for use area, infrastructure, urban development and residential environment are included. The management plan is the only city plan that residents can propose. One of the management plans is the district unit plan, which is established by considering both the three-dimensional building plan and the plan for land use. The district unit plan actively takes into account changes in conditions, such as growth and development in the area. The purpose of the district unit plan is slightly different depending on whether it is a type 1 district type plan or a type 2 district unit plan. The type 1 district unit plan aims to create environmentally friendly areas of the city and to enable sustainable development. The type 2 district unit plan aims to prevent hard development in the development promotion district and to provide sufficient infrastructure to improve the function and aesthetics of the area. However, these urban plans alone cannot solve the problem of reckless development, so they should be effectively linked to other institutions and means.

13주차(1)

The district unit plan is established slightly differently for urban and non-urban areas. Plan for urban area is called type 1 district unit plan and plan for non-urban area is type 2 district unit plan.

Type 1 district unit plans cover the following areas. First, it is an area that requires the readjustment of existing towns, and it includes redevelopment areas. Second, it is an area that needs the preservation of existing towns, and it is an area ‘where‘ urban forms and functions are to be maintained and readjusted in their current state. For example, Hanok Village and Gyeongju. Especially in Gyeongju, it has historically been our nation‘s capital city, but there are no palaces. Efforts should be made to restore ancient palaces as well as Buddhist structures such as Bulguksa and Seokguram. Third, it is an area that needs readjustment of infrastructure, such as roads, or linkage of infrastructure and building plans, ‘where‘ functions need to be re-established in accordance with urban growth and development. Fourth, it is an area ‘where‘ people want to develop new towns by developing new towns or housing sites.

Type 2 district unit plans cover the following areas. First, it is an area that is used or will be used as a collective living base for residents and needs to be developed in a planned way. Second, it is an area ‘where‘ distribution and logistics are to be operated collectively and includes logistics facilities and large-scale stores Third, it is an area that wants to foster industry and includes agricultural and industrial complexes and factories. Fourth, it is an area to create tourist resorts and install necessary facilities.

As discussed above, the district unit plan focuses on the layout and size of infrastructure, the size and composition of furniture and land lots, the building plan and the transportation processing plan. These urban management plans can be proposed by residents as well as government officials. The government also conducts surveys of residents before the plan and encourages active participation with residents‘ consent. However, residents can only propose the draft, and the final decision will be made by the mayor and provincial governor.

And the paradigm of urban policy has been shifted to "urban regeneration" to overcome the growth limits of the aging city and improve the quality of people‘s lives. Based on this, Korea has been pushing for an urban renewal New Deal policy since 2017.

13주차(2)

The rate of housing penetration in Korea increased gradually from 71% in 1980 to 102% in 2015. However, as the population of the country gathered in Seoul, housing shortages became serious. In addition, the volume-oriented policy focused on large-scale housing site development has caused problems for small residents. Residents are forced to move to another place, and because of their low income, they live again in a harsh environment. The government also lacked support and lacked the results that residents could feel. Areas with no business have not started developing at all. There was also a lack of community revitalization and interdepartmental collaboration. To solve this problem, the government is shifting its policy from ‘development‘ to ‘regeneration‘. To this end, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive and systematic urban regeneration promotion strategy.

To develop an effective plan, we need to look at domestic policy conditions. First, Korea‘s low birth rate, aging population, and low growth trend are sticking. Rather than developing new cities, urban regeneration and compact management around existing urban areas is important. Second, the trend of deepening national decline and urban outskirts is continuing. As a result, urban cavitation has intensified and city management costs have increased. Third, as the polarization between big cities and other regions intensified, concerns about local extinctions increased. One way to save the province is to get rid of highway rest areas and use restaurants and gas stations in nearby villages. Fourth, the gap between regional jobs and housing conditions has deepened. In particular, rural areas have a lot of elderly people, so productivity is declining.

In addition to domestic conditions, overseas policy conditions should be examined. The UN is pursuing ‘Cities for all‘ to pursue inclusive and sustainable urban development. In addition, developed countries around the world are pushing for decentralization to respond to local crises.

In Korea, the nation‘s urban regeneration new deal project is being implemented to realize the value of balanced national development centered on decentralization, inclusion and innovation. The Urban Renewal New Deal has four goals: realizing housing welfare, restoring urban competitiveness, social integration and creating jobs.

14주차(1)

The Urban Renewal New Deal is planning three major strategies with a vision of a continuously innovative city and livable Korea. First, create urban space. It is to renovate poor dwellings and regenerate the deteriorated town as a regional innovation hub. Second, revitalize the urban regeneration economy of the region. Provide startup space and develop private participation business models through government support. Third, establish cooperative governance led by local communities. Cooperative governance encourages residents to lead the constant renewal of urban regeneration even after the end of government support.

There are five tasks to promote the urban regeneration New Deal. First, basic living infrastructure should be expanded and renovated in old low-rise dwellings. Second, the old city should be established as an innovation base. Then, the activation effect spreads to the surroundings and can restore local competitiveness. Third, jobs should be created by activating the urban regeneration economic ecosystem. Fourth, regional capacity should be strengthened by activating urban regeneration governance. Fifth, in order to cope with mall drift, win-win cooperation should be induced.

In the past, residential areas were completely demolished and large-scale planning was central. But at present, small-scale maintenance projects involving residents have been activated. Also, in the past, supplier-driven top-down approaches were used, and government support was insufficient. However, it has now been changed to a bottom-up approach centered on consumers and sites, and public support such as funds has been strengthened.

As urban competitiveness now determines national competitiveness, it is necessary to set the direction of future city policy to cope with changes in the environment. In line with the shrinking population and changing demographic structure, one of the pending tasks of our city, policies are needed to adjust the living area and reflect various demands. In addition, the residential environment of the old town is very weak, and the residential environment should be improved through reconstruction or redevelopment. And the city‘s economic base has been weakened due to indiscriminate development of the urban outer space, but it is necessary to establish a high-tech industrial complex and revitalize the city. It is also problematic that the culture and landscape of the city are uniform and the response system to environmental problems is insufficient. In order to solve this problem, urban design that can cope with environmental problems and policies that revive urban traditions and individuality is needed.

14주차(2)

As traditional manufacturing declines, cities are losing their growth engines. Daegu is a typical example. In Daegu, the textile industry has declined and the water industry is now being pushed forward, but this seems to be difficult to succeed. In the past, universities and high schools were located in downtown areas, but now all have moved to the outlying areas. As a result, urban function declined. Also, there is no unique culture characterized by each city. It is apartment culture that shows this in short. The city is full of apartments that all look the same without a special landmark. On the other hand, the Pudong district of Shanghai boasts a very nice view. If you bring the same design as the existing building, you won‘t be allowed to set it up. And efforts are being made to reduce carbon emissions in response to environmental problems. As one of the policies to this end, light vehicles are being restricted. Measures on energy management are also urgently needed. The paradigm of urban policy is shifting from quantitative growth to qualitative internalization. This is because the limit of quantitative growth is now reached. Urban policies should be promoted on the basis of growth, convenience, identity and environment.

The vision of the future city is "a vibrant and pleasant first-class city." Future cities have four goals. First, to create a competitive vitality city, create a competitive future core industry base. Development should be done within the city rather than the outlying areas, and the function-specific urban regeneration project should be promoted. Second, in order to create a convenient living city, a social environment for the socially weak should be created. Old industrial complexes need to be rearranged and complex development of various facilities should be promoted. In addition, it is necessary to promote the transportation of the disadvantaged with a barrier-free environment. Third, a beautiful and distinctive urban landscape should be created for an attractive cultural city. Fourth, the urban atmosphere of practicing low-carbon life should be created for a clean green city.