출석 및 과제점검표

학과 : 행정학과

학번 : 21606916

이름 : 박서영

주(날짜)	출석	결석	지각	과제	비고
1주차(1) (9/3)	○				수강정정기간
1주차(2) (9/5)	○
2주차(1) (9/10)	○
2주차(2) (9/12)	○
3주차(1) (9/17)	○
3주차(2) (9/19)	○
4주차(1) (9/24)	○				추석
4주차(2) (9/26)	○
5주차(1) (10/1)	○
5주차(2) (10/3)	○				개천절
6주차(1) (10/8)	○
6주차(2) (10/10)	○
7주차(1) (10/15)	○
7주차(2) (10/17)	○
8주차(1) (10/22)	○				중간고사
8주차(2) (10/24)	○
9주차(1) (10/29)	○
9주차(2) (10/31)	○
10주차(1) (11/5)	○
10주차(2) (11/7)	○
11주차(1) (11/12)	○
11주차(2) (11/14)	○
12주차(1) (11/19)	○
12주차(2) (11/21)	○
13주차(1) (11/26)	○
13주차(2) (11/28)	○
14주차(1) (12/3)	○
14주차(2) (12/5)	○
15주차(1) (12/10)	○
15주차(2) (12/12)	○				종강
16주차(1) (12/17)	○
16주차(2) (12/19)	○				기말고사
17주차(1) (12/24)	○
10/21				과제1 ○
12/22				과제2 ○
12/22				과제3 ○
계	33	0		3

1주차(1) / 1주차(2)

수강정정기간

2주차(1)

There is no failure in the information society.

We have to study for at least eight hours.

We have to think about and prepare for the upcoming field.

2주차(2)

You should focus on memorizing, not studying.

If you want to work less and get more money, you need to do more high-level work.

Information society is a society that separates information from matter.

In other words, Information society is a society that separates books from paper.

3주차(1)

Unlike animals, humans survive by studying.

There are many different views of the city.

Recently, the information society is progressing.

Therefore, the scope of administration is expending into virtual space.

The economic aspect is that cities are created by spatial concentration of actors in economis activities.

3주차(2)

South Korea has the power of the central government.

Unlike Korea, The U.S.A Congress and the state have authority.

Farming alone cannot make a city.

City of the U.S.A is administratively recognized by state.

However, its size or scope of authority vary widely.

Half of the population of Korea lives in the capital city.

4주차(1) / 4주차(2)

추석

5주차(1)

City is a living organism.

There is always activity in people in cities.

And cities need land and various facilities to accommodate it.

The essence of a city is that people come together.

Many changes are occurring in cities in the information age.

The United Nations predicted that half of the world‘s population would live in cities at the end of 2008.

Human beings migrate from farming villages to cities for a better life.

5주차(2)

개천절

6주차(1)

Living in cities permits the advantages of the opportunities of proximity, diversity, and marketplace competition.

However, the advantages of urbanization are compared with negative social aspects such as the problem of alienation and stress.

Cities are known to be places ‘where‘ money, services and wealth are centralized.

Foreign capital flows into cities through port and bank systems, whether for trade or tourism.

Economic opportunity is one reason why people migrate to cities.

But, it is not fully explained why the urbanization rate only exploded in places such as China and India.

In rural areas, the overall quality of life is often very subjective on small family farms or collective farms in the village.

Traditionally, however, access to manufactured goods was difficult.

6주차(1)

Dominant conurbations are quite often primate cities, but do not have to be.

Seoul has tremendous power in South Korea and it has 50 percent of the population.

Busan-Ulsan and Osaka have a strong presence in each country.

However, it is losing its population to even more rival cities like Seoul and Tokyo.

As cities develop, the effects can include a dramatic increase in costs and changes in costs.

It often sets market prices for the local working class, including functions such as local government employees.

The impetus for rapid urban growth and efficiency can undermine the fairness of urban development.

Urbanization is often seen as a negative trend.

However, there is a positive side to reducing costs while improving opportunities such as jobs, education and housing.

7주차(1)

In his book Whole Earth Discipline, Stewart Brand argues that the effects of urbanization are primarily positive for the environment.

Firstly, the birth rate of new city dwellers is immediately reduced by replacement rate and continues to decrease.

Therefore, it reduces the risk of environmental stress due to population growth.

Secondly, migration in rural areas reduces the improper implementation of agriculture and the proliferation of disruptive life agriculture technologies.

U.N. experts say that changing environmental conditions and a large number of people living in urban areas reduce basic sanitation and health care.

And potentially it will cause humanitarian and environmental nightmares.

Urbanization can be classified according to the form and method of planning, and to the historical growth of the region.

Advanced world urbanization has traditionally shown urbanized human activities and settlements, called immigration.

Immigration refers to moving from places similar to previous residences.

Recent developments, such as urban redevelopment projects mean that newcomers to cities no longer settle in the center.

7주차(2)

Rural immigrants are drawn to the possibilities cities can provide.

But they often settle down in the city of Shanti and experience extreme poverty.

In the 1980s, it was tried to tackle the urban prejudice theory promoted by Michael Lipton.

"The most important class conflict in today‘s poor country is not between labor and capital," he said.

Nor is it between foreign and national interests.

It is between rural classes and urban classes.

The rural sector contains most of the poverty and most of the low-cost sources of potential advance.

But the urban sector contains most of the articulateness, organization and power.

Urbanization can be planned urbanization or organic.

Many ancient organic cities experienced redevelopment for military and economic purposes.

And new road, new parcels of land were cordoned off serving various planned purposes  giving cities distinctive geometric designs.

8주차(1) / 8주차(2)

중간고사

9주차(1)

Urbanization is a process in which the population, urban concentration, space and socioeconomic aspects of life are changed to urban areas through the development of machines.

And phased population urbanization, urbanism, and urbanization phenomena.

We have thought that we can know the future through history.

I have to ponder what I will be doing in the future in five years.

As society changes, new jobs increase.

You must have a job that suits the times of the Industrial Revolution.

The city is a comprehensive art form of the period, which represents the culture, institutions, economic power, and science and technology of the period.

Types created by human beings and left them as heritage, intangible cultural assets and technological accumulation are the result.

The main purpose of the ancient city was to show off its grandeur and dignity around the temple or palace.

European cities in the Middle Ages were designed to defend themselves against invasion.

With the collapse of the city state and the emergence of a unified nation, modern cities have expanded the scale of commercial and industrial activities to international units.

Modern cities tend to grow into big cities as the industrial revolution develops production technologies.

9주차(2)

Transition belt is an area ‘where‘ work facilities and light industries in the central area worsen the residential environment.

The working-class residential area is a residential area for workers who have moved from the point-blank zone.

Middle and high-end housing areas form single-family homes or apartments.

According to concentric circles, when dividing each zone into inner and outer areas, the inner side tends to expand by invading the outer region.

And, Urban changes can change depending on social organization or human form.

Expanding cities also differentiate and relocate individuals and groups by residence and occupation.

Urban growth expands the Mobility.

M.R. Davie criticized the concentric circles as follows.

First, the central working district is in an irregular, not circular form.

Second, heavy industries are located along the Prime Minister or the railroad transportation.

Third, light industry is located throughout the city.

Fourth, low-level areas are located near industrial and transportation areas.

Fifth, luxury homes ‘where‘ nuclear families live or intermediate houses of two families are located in any part of the city.

10주차(1)

The central working area is located at the point ‘where‘ the transportation facilities in the city are gathered.

Wholesale and light industry zones are located inside cities, such as the railroad sides that focus on off-town transport.

Heavy industrial zones are located near the urban periphery, and high-end residential areas are located far away from good pollution.

It is located in a cultural center, a park, a neighborhood facility, or a small industrial center.

Suburban areas can commute according to traffic developments or satellite cities begin to appear.

Core areas are more diverse and specialized in the larger size of cities, and function and character are represented by a combination of four factors.

(1) Some urban activities require professional benefits.

(2) Some similar urban activities yield benefits from aggregation.

(3) Some urban activities result in disadvantages because they are integrated.

(4) Some urban activities cannot be located because they cannot afford high land levels at the most advantageous points.

E.M. Fisher and R.M. Fisher criticized multi-nuclearism in the 1954 paper "The Real Estate of the City."

(1) There are three types of land use, housing, public notice, and street, which account for the widest area in the city.

(2) Multi-core theory, like Dongsimwon and linear theory, is concerned only with the use of land on the first floor of a building.

(3) Each theory begins the city from the concept of Stock and is not aware of the concept of Flow.

10주차(2)

The 21st century is an era of planning, and our daily lives are starting with planning.

It is a plan to determine and analyze what humans are trying to do in advance, predict the future, and assess the consequences.

Social development is developing into an information society through an industrial society, and information society will become common in the near future.

Modern society is in the process of developing into a pluralistic society.

In addition, the decision-making process and the group‘s interests are maximized by various interest groups to ensure efficiency.

Industrial societies basically require division and economies of scale and scale are developed by economies of scale.

The process of exchanging information, consultation, and coordination between classes and organizations is called planning activities.

There are five logical backgrounds of planning concepts.

First, the plan originated from the pursuit of human rationality.

Second, humans have limitations in recognizing truth.

Third, the fact that the plan itself does not have any value or utility cannot solve the problem alone.

Fourth, planning is a process of trying to know the unknown since it is an area that deals with unknown facts.

Fifth, a plan motivates people to their needs.

And the contents range function is determined by the subject executing the plan.

A plan is defined as a process for determining the appropriate future actions through a series of procedures and choices.

11주차(1)

The scope of social planning generally refers to all areas of social science, including politics, economics, and culture.

It can be defined as an area that addresses the interests of the participating groups, that is, the public interest, rather than an individual problem.

Space planning is a plan to work together with a functional space that accommodates human activity patterns.

There are various plans such as national territory development plan, transportation plan, urban basic plan, and living space plan.

The process of planning is the process of actually drawing up a plan based on a theoretical background, identifying strategies for implementing policies or means of operation.

The planning process varies according to the objectives and definitions of the plan, but one obvious commonality is that the planning activities are carried out in a working order, as is the case.

It is also the process of drawing up a plan through a chain of goals and means, and it can be looked at step by step.

First, problem diagnosis : it starts from a question of realistic complaints or wishes.

The diagnosis of the problem depends heavily on goals, norms, ideas, and value standards depending on the needs of the planners.

Second, Goal articulation : the goal is typically a process that is embodied in abstract and unclear conditions for feasible purposes.

Third, Prediction and projection : plans are always forward-looking and are always lacking in data or knowledge.

Thus, it is not possible to reasonably derive an alternative without considering the future state, need and constraints for problem resolution.

Fourth, Alternative plan : the process of preparing various alternatives and establishing the best alternative possible under the constraints.

Fifth, Feasibility analysis : validity is realistically feasible for an already established alternative and determines whether these alternatives are reasonable.

Sixth, Evaluation : it is necessary to assess whether the plan is effective or realistic for achieving a given goal.

Seventh, final draft is divided into eight stages by ‘select‘ion, eighth and execution.

11주차(2)

The types of plans can be divided into many different categories.

Policy planning and operational planning are divided according to the application layer.

The former includes a policy plan that presents the basic direction and purpose of planning, and the latter includes an operating plan or a business plan for implementation for each sector.

Physical planning, economic planning, and social planning are distinguished depending on the target.

Physical planning is a facilities-oriented planning in the space of land use, housing, and parks, and a traditional urban plan.

The economic plan is about total economic growth, which increases national income and improves welfare.

The plan includes the economic development plan of each developing country, and the nation‘s 5-year economic development plan is an example.

Social planning is about social problems such as manpower, education, and prevention of population crime.

To a regional level, they are distinguished by national planning, regional planning, city planning or town planning, or country planning and international planning.

The national territory plan is a comprehensive and reasonable use of national territory for land nationwide.

Regional plans include plans by province or province, which are planned under natural and socio-economic conditions in areas ‘select‘ed for special purposes.

Urban planning is a comprehensive plan of urban social, economic and physical factors, and regional and national aspects should also be considered.

Long-range planning, mid-range planning, and short-range planning are divided according to the planning period.

For convenience, long-range planning means 10-20 year plan, the mid-range planning is a 2-5 year plan, short-range planning refers to short term plans within or outside of a year.

In the 18th century, laissez faire opposed the planned change by emphasizing the aspects of anti-planning by market mechanism invisible hand.

However, social problems after the Industrial Revolution face an insurmountable stage under the system of laissez faire.

In the event of conflict between social problems and development goals, it was inevitable for the public to correct the problem with a visible hand.

12주차(1)

‘What is ‘where‘?‘, ‘Why is it there?‘, ‘Why do I care?‘ ‘W‘s‘ by Geography.

Navigating data using GIS provides information about knowledge.

GIS is a system of personnel that helps manipulate, analyze and display information linked to computer software, hardware, data, and space locations.

Components are space location, information, systems, and personnel.

Spatial locations are typically geographic locations, and information is visualized for data analysis.

The system connects software, hardware, and data, and personnel are accident explorers who are important to the power of GIS.

GPS is a satellite positioning system.

Static maps are often paper or digital, which are products of GIS and visualized the analysis.

It is estimated that 80% of all data have spatial components.

Data from most science can be analyzed spatially.

Raster-Grid is often called "pixels" and satellite images and aerial photographs are already in this format.

Vector-linear consists of points, lines, and polygons, representing "features".

Information for GIS applications includes digitalization and scan maps, databases, GPS, attribute site sampling, remote sensing, and aerial photographs.

There are some sectors that use GIS.

The emergency services sector is used by fire and police and the environment for monitoring and modeling.

The business sector uses it for site location and delivery systems, while the industry uses it for transportation, communication, mining, pipeline and medical care.

The government sector is used for regional, state, federal, and military purposes, while the education sector is for research, educational tools and management.

Spatial data analysis is needed some‘where‘.

12주차(2)

Urban planning is about land use, transportation, sanitation, water supply, and park green areas to promote the sound development of cities and promote public order and welfare.

It can be divided into three specific parts.

First, the plan is to designate or change the area, the earth, or the area.

Second, the plan is for the installation, maintenance and improvement of roads, railroads, trash, and public facilities.

Third, land compartmentalization and readjustment projects, housing development projects, and industrial land development projects or redevelopment projects.

The purpose of the project is to foster healthy urban development and contribute to the promotion of public welfare by forming and inducing the function and structure of cities in accordance with economic and social needs.

The national territory plan presents a desirable future for the national territory space and its long-term policy direction to achieve it, taking into account internal and external conditions surrounding the land.

In addition, through balanced development of national territory, expansion of SOCs, and improvement of living environment, the country‘s productivity is improved and the quality of people‘s lives is improved.

Land Use and Land Use Planning are planned for all areas of the country or part of the country.

Urban planning is for urban or urban areas, and architectural planning is for individual buildings.

The national territory plan is divided into national, regional, metropolitan, and military plans.

Urban planning is divided into basic urban planning and urban management plan, and there is a district unit plan below it.

The Urban Planning Act is divided into basic urban plans that present the development and future of cities and urban management plans that apply specific development directions and regulations.

The latter provides general details on the establishment and implementation of urban development plans.

There are four main effects of urban planning with institutional characteristics for urban development.

First, it helps stabilize urban development by eliminating trial and error in administration and steadily implementing consistent policies.

Second, through the process of connecting objectives and means reasonably, policy and administration are enhanced.

Third, allocate limited resources reasonably according to priority to maximize the effectiveness of the investment.

Fourth, it actively responds to changes by predicting changes in conditions and induces change in the desired direction to promote urban development and is used to evaluate future policies.

13주차(1)

Urban planning is a series of processes to establish and implement a desirable future for cities.

It is also a tool to predict the level of future development of cities and put them in a desirable form in advance and manage them in a sound and proper manner.

All of Korea‘s urban planning is being implemented to ‘promote public welfare and improve the quality of people‘s lives.‘

Korea has achieved its current economic growth through rapid industrialization and urbanization.

However, in the 2000s, there are growing concerns and reflection on the side effects.

In other words, as the population concentrated on the city, it became overpopulated with the city, causing various urban problems.

Urban planning is necessary to alleviate or resolve these urban problems in the future and prevent problems that may occur in the far future.

Urban planning can solve housing problems, ease traffic problems, and manage fire and fire prevention.

It can also provide adequate amounts for public facilities and minimize environmental pollution.

The purpose of urban planning is to prevent urban sprawl, create a harmonious environment with surrounding areas, and use land efficiently.

Among the national territory and urban planning systems, urban planning is the metropolitan urban planning, the urban basic plan, and the urban management plan.

Metropolitan urban planning is similar to the urban basic plan in that it presents long-term development directions, but it is for two or more administrative areas.

On the other hand, there are differences in the remaining two plans that are set up in the same administrative district and closely related to the lives of the people.

The Urban Master Plan presents a vision of the future for the target area, from changing the spatial structure to socioeconomic aspects.

However, the Urban Management Plan is a plan that embodies and implements future development directions in urban spaces and is legally binding.

he Urban Master Plan presents development directions, encompassing basic spatial structure and socioeconomic and physical aspects.

It is a city plan that has no direct binding force on ordinary citizens and has binding power on the administration.

The Urban Management Plan provides a way to specifically implement the direction proposed by the Urban Master Plan on urban space.

And it has a legal binding force to regulate the building activities of ordinary citizens.

The metropolitan city plan plans to propose long-term development plans to link the spatial structure and functions of two or more adjacent areas with each other and to systematically maintain urban facilities by preserving the environment.

13주차(2)

The Urban Master Plan provides basic spatial structure and long-term development directions for the jurisdiction.

Not only the material and spatial aspects of the city but also the environment, society and economic aspects are included to predict and prepare for changes in the living environment of the residents.

It is a long-term plan that presents a vision of the future and a framework for 20 years.

It presents a strategy for developing and preserving major indexes and land, expanding infrastructure, and efficient urban management that is based on city and military administration by accommodating the contents of metropolitan plans.

The Urban Master Plan sets goals and directions to reflect local characteristics and current conditions.

Urban management plans are statutory plans that are binding on residents to use private land.

The plan is to clarify and realize what is proposed in the metropolitan city plan and the urban basic plan.

Land use areas, zones and zones are designated to use land reasonably and efficiently and to promote public welfare.

Use districts are divided into residential areas, commercial areas, industrial areas, green areas, conservation areas, production control areas, planning zones, agricultural areas, and natural environment conservation zones.

Land use zones are divided into landscape zones, beauty zones, fire prevention zones, fire prevention zones, preservation zones, conservation zones, facility protection zones, settlement zones, development promotion zones, and specific usage restrictions.

Land use zones are divided into development-restricted zones, urban natural park zones, urbanization control zones, and fisheries resource protection zones.

Infrastructure is a physical facility installed to support the public‘s communal life, the city‘s economy and social activities.

It is installed in consideration of the entire urban development and functional harmony with other facilities.

The District Unit Plan is a plan to establish both three-dimensional and flat land use plans for the cities and towns we live in.

This rationalizes land use, ensures a good residential environment, and encourages systematic and planned development of the area.

The District Unit Plan, which is part of the Urban Management Plan, is established with active consideration of various changes, including growth and development of the area.

The Act also provided that ‘Earth Units Plan‘ can be established as a system to actively induce residents‘ participation.

The system encourages residents to diagnose problems themselves, find solutions, and encourage activation by providing incentives such as easing their behavior.

The District Unit 1 is designed to create eco-friendly urban environments for certain areas in urban areas and enable sustainable urban development or urban management.

The Act was established to refine urban infrastructure and buildings and to create streetscape in order to clarify and rationalize land use and enhance urban functions and beauty.

The 2nd District Unit Plan is established to improve the functions and beauty of the surrounding areas, cities, and the entire military to create an eco-friendly, sustainable city.

14주차(1)

The District Unit Plan is established for the cities and towns in which we live, taking into account all three-dimensional building plans and land use plans in a plane.

This rationalizes land use, ensures a good residential environment, and induces systematic and planned development of the area.

It is one of the urban management plans and is established with active consideration of the changing conditions and future appearance of the areas concerned.

A system to actively induce residents to participate in the project allows them to establish a "zone unit plan" under the residents‘ proposal.

The system encourages residents to diagnose problems themselves, find solutions, and encourage activation by providing incentives.

The First Zone Unit Plan and the Second District Unit Plan are for the purpose of establishing the District Unit Plan.

The First District Unit Plan targets certain areas in urban areas.

The plan is to create an environment that is environmentally friendly and to enable sustainable urban development or urban management.

Urban infrastructure and buildings were readjusted to clarify and rationalize land use and enhance urban functions and beauty.

The 2nd District Unit Plan targets non-urban areas.

This prevents reckless development in planning management areas or development promotion zones.

In addition, sufficient infrastructure is installed to re-establish the area‘s maintenance and functions.

It is established for eco-friendly and sustainable cities by improving the functions and appearance of surrounding areas, cities and entire military.

The First District Unit Plan is divided into four categories.

First, it is an area that requires readjustment of existing cities.

This is an area ‘where‘ urban functions are lost or backward in order to be repaired.

Second, it is an area that requires the management of existing cities.

An area that needs to be reorganized or linked to infrastructure and building plans ‘where‘ it needs to be reorganized according to urban growth and development.

Third, it is an area that needs conservation of existing cities.

This refers to an area ‘where‘ urban forms and functions are to be maintained and maintained.

Fourth, it is necessary to develop new cities.

This includes the development of new towns that enhance specific functions in cities or complement existing urban functions with urban expansion.

14주차(2)

The body that establishes the district unit plan is divided into planners and decision makers.

The planners include special markets, wide-area markets, markets and county heads.

The proposed district unit plan is to establish a plan and is carried out by the head of each local administrative body.

The decision makers include special markets, metropolitan markets and provincial governors.

The decision maker shall review and review whether the plan is properly established before making the final decision.

Participants will be divided into residents, public officials and reviewers.

Residents include residents of residential areas and private businesses.

Residents can provide their opinions by submitting opinions based on suggestions, notices and public notices.

It involves the actual inhabitants of the village and the entrepreneurs who want development projects to make the city a livable one.

Government officials include a basic government and a wide-area government.

Civil servants, as decision makers, implement the procedures for smooth planning.

It also listens to the hardships of planners and residents and coordinates their opinions.

The review committee includes the city planning committee, the building committee, and the city construction committee.

The review committee shall consist of experts from each field on the district unit plan.

The plan is reviewed and reviewed based on its expertise.

This determines the validity of the plan to create a better city with a systematic and efficient plan.

The Community Participation District Unit Plan is a residential-style urban plan.

Residents are encouraged to diagnose problems in cities by their own participation and opportunities, and to continuously participate in improving the environment and after-care of cities.

The role of the Community Participation District Unit Plan is divided into four categories.

First, residents themselves participate in urban planning and environmental improvement.

Second, shape the public works and plans required for cities.

Third, residents manage the city by themselves through participation by residents.

Fourth, it proposes a desirable direction of management and a future plan of the city.

15주차(1)

There are five pending issues in our city.

First, new urban environment such as population reduction is coming.

Population growth is expected to slow rapidly since 2000 and peak at 19 million in 2018.

It is expected that the country will enter an aged society in 2018 due to the decreasing birth rate and the extension of life expectancy, and reach a super-aged society in 2026.

The continued increase of foreign residents is expected to increase cultural diversity.

The number of foreign residents in Korea has surpassed one million and is expected to reach 2.54 million by 2020.

Therefore, the supply and demand of the living rights and facilities should be adjusted for population reduction and changes in the structure of the population.

In addition, urban policies should reflect diverse needs such as the elderly population and multicultural families.

Second, the quality level of the residential environment in old cities is weak.

Facilities for the convenience of living, such as parking lots, parks and cultural welfare facilities, and infrastructure such as public transportation systems are weak in old cities.

Therefore, it is necessary to improve living conditions such as reconstruction and redevelopment in order to respond to demands for improvement in the quality of life due to problems solved in old cities and increased income.

Third, it is the weakening of the urban economic base.

The global economic order, including the conclusion of the FTA, is being accelerated, and competition for cities and cities across the country is intensifying.

Among them, the decline of traditional manufacturing, the shift to high value-added industrial structures such as knowledge-based and high-tech industries, is losing momentum for urban growth.

The urban function is rapidly deteriorating due to reckless development of urban exterior and the consequent relocation of urban functions.

Therefore, to expand the new growth engines of cities, complex high-tech industrial parks should be formed, urban revitalized, and small-age industrial complexes should be reorganized.

Fourth, the lack of diversity in urban culture and uniformization of landscape.

The preservation, development and management of unique historical, cultural assets or natural resources characterized by cities are insufficient.

There is a lack of individual city brands and urban identity in which citizens can be proud.

The absence of landmarks and uniform landscape create monotonous city views.

Therefore, it is necessary to establish measures for urban tradition, culture, and landscape management in order to promote urban identity and pride of urban residents.

Fifth, the response system to international environmental problems is insufficient.

There is a lack of space and urban design that can cope with global environmental problems, resource crises.

Therefore, urban planning measures are needed to save energy, supply new and renewable energy, and expand carbon emissions.

15주차(2) / 16주차(1)

종강

16주차(2) / 17주차(1)

기말고사