출석 및 과제점검표(재택수업 스스로 점검하기)

과목:전자정부론

학과:행정학과

학번:21700223

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8주차 중간고사
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기말고사
과제1(22.04.25)				O
과제2((22.06.20)				O
계	25			2

이름:주민지

강의 요약 정리:

2주차(2)

Today, I studied how mathematics in AI works, and so on. In this smart era, everything works on its own. Sustainable development is required because it cannot be sustained with fossil energy currently used. The core of this sustainable development is the sun, and the invention that makes this sun is starting. All plants photosynthesize themselves, and these systems can be planted in the human head. These things begin with creation, and this creation begins in the human head.

3주차(1)

In the future, all things will become the Internet of Things and AI era with intelligence, and robots will replace jobs ‘where‘ they have to work, that is, the era of loss of labor. We must go to a creative society that drives AI. In the event of a forest fire, robot firefighters will increase more than human firefighters, and people will play a role in moving the robot firefighters. Animals have existed for tens of thousands of years and have remained the same, and humans have constantly developed, but this cannot be said to be better for humans than animals. Currently, it is changing into a better subscription economy than the market economy system, which does not disappear just by using it. We have to be constantly curious and this will create new jobs and start-ups. The most important thing that changed as it changed to the 4th industrial era is that the speed of information movement gradually accelerates.

3주차(2)

Information continues to change and makes several decisions using this information. Information has different properties from other general products. Information does not disappear just because you use it, but it disappears when you make it into a paper book, but it does not disappear when you take it off. Information is different from the concept of general economics and can be copied and reproduced at a very low price. The value of information increases as it accumulates, and the value increases because it does not disappear even if this information is distributed. Once generated, the information does not decrease or deteriorate. Information spreads very quickly, so it is important to produce it quickly. Information is ambiguous between producers and consumers and plays both roles at the same time. However, there are many problems such as illegal copying, ownership, and inequality.

4주차(1)

Data is input between a computer and an object. Big data can be defined as crude oil in the 4th industrial era. Data has changed from past analog data to current digital data. Uranara's statistical table tells us the total population of the country, the number of men and women, but does not tell us the population per household or the number of people in Cebu. In other words, there are no coordinates. These data should be used to predict the future society and come up with policies accordingly. Big data that integrates location, geography, and statistical data can be fused and used when necessary. Developed countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom have studied this data since the 1990s, but in Korea, it is difficult to converge this data because all of them are handled by different departments. This data is also provided by grasping and analyzing location information in real time in the situation of COVID-19.

4주차(2)

Information society is a society in which data, information, and knowledge are fused. This society is confused by the constant influx of new things. Our society is moving toward a wisdom society through information libraries, knowledge societies, and intelligent societies. The pace of change is so fast that new information quickly becomes the past. As we become a knowledge and information society, the environment of the government is changing. Currently, aging and polarization are becoming problems in Korea, and the economic system has also changed from a market economy to a sharing economy and a subscription economy. Here, it can also be developed in the form of a reverse subscription economy, which is the opposite of using information and paying usage fees. In fact, the four tasks for the era of digital transformation include strengthening the DNA ecosystem, upgrading non-face-to-face infrastructure, fostering new hyper-connected industries, and digitizing SOCs. Unlike in the past, when information had to be carried around through the use of the cloud, information can be stored in the cloud and opened any‘where‘. Metabuses add virtual space to reality, so you can find out what phenomena in advance and ‘select‘ optimal alternatives.

5주차(1)

I have only listened to lectures so far, but now we have to watch, summarize, and create lectures. In order to create, I you must speak and write, and I must feel happy through this. Today, I saw a video on Korea's e-government achievements and future development directions. The domestic e-government began in earnest in 1994, and ranked 15th in 2003 in the UN World e-government rankings, but ranked 1st in 2010. After President Kim Young-sam, it has made great progress since making state-level investments for the e-government. The development stage of e-government is divided into four stages: an introducer, a foundation generator, a full-fledged promoter, and an advanced one. Administrative computerization was carried out during the introduction period, and during the foundation creation period, the national computer network project was promoted and the computerization project in five major fields was carried out, resulting in the presidential computer network coordination committee. During the full-fledged promotion period, the Basic Act on Promotion of Informatization and the Information Promotion Committee appeared. During this period, the spread of the Internet and mobile phones became popular, and e-government using high-speed Internet began. During the period of advancement, the Framework Act on National Informatization appeared and is currently in charge of the Ministry of Public Administratio and Security. Korea's e-government is presenting e-government using intelligent information technologies such as artificial intelligence according to changes in ICT.

5주차(2)

AI contains mathematics, and big data provides coordinates as a combination of satellite images, geographic information systems, and statistics, which are used for AR technology, VR technology, and meta-bus. Korea's fourth industrial revolution was developed centering on data and artificial intelligence. I saw the development stage of e-government on the website, and if you used SNS or homepage in the past, you will often use YouTube now. Information and communication technologies are already changing. ICT technology has greatly increased efficiency and effectiveness, and in the past, letters were used, but now information can be easily delivered through text messages. However, this will reduce the number of jobs and increase the number of people who have not obtained jobs. People can be provided with information anytime, any‘where‘ through the website. In the early stages, the government unilaterally provided offline public services to citizens. Afterwards, they exchanged, and both the government and citizens provided and received offline services. Finally, contrary to the initial period, information was provided in the order of citizens, websites, and governments, and offline information services were greatly reduced and replaced by online services.

6주차(1)

Government 1.0 is a government-centered type centered on the web, government 2.0 is a citizen-centered type, and government 3.0 is a public service for individuals. Society is becoming increasingly complex and esoteric, especially with low birth rates and aging populations. Sustainable development is being emphasized to improve the happiness and quality of life of the people. According to the government 3.0, fundamental redesign of administrative services such as public awareness growth and diversification of public services is required. As intelligent information technology develops, new e-government strategies using big data, cloud, and AI are needed throughout society. Currently, the e-government has activated PC-based online services to the public, but the unbroken integrated business processing environment such as connection, integration, and real-time information sharing between ministries is immature. In other words, the new e-government should use intelligent information technology to innovate and sustainable development based on a neoclassical system in which the government, civic groups, and individuals collaborate. The vision of e-government can be said to be ENJOY, which is led by redesigning government services, realizing intelligent administration based on cognition and prediction, creating an e-government neoplasm that coexists with industry, expanding trust-based future infrastructure, and leading the global e-government order. Numbers don't become reality, I can understand this world through numbers. The problem with AI is ultimately a commitment to concepts.

Mathematics is what we have built up, not what someone has created in a moment. Big data is what learns through various input and output data.

6주차(2)

The government that entertains the people needs national emotional services, intelligent information-based high-tech administration, and sustainable digital new deals. The e-government basic plan includes implementing paperless all digital zero-stop government services in the process of handling complaints, which can be convenient, but the number of administrative officials in charge of complaints should be drastically reduced. Personalized services based on intelligence information are to identify individual situations and guide appropriate government services. New public services can be discovered and expanded by sharing real-time intelligence information on disaster safety, health, transportation, and tourism. The implementation of Doit Yourself public services involves the public directly proposing, developing, uating government services and establishing an open yard ‘where‘ people or governments mutually distribute and utilize services. In addition, the participation of the people can be promoted by realizing a national renaissance that directly participates in the entire process of designing, delivering, uating, and refluxing government services. Intelligent information-based administrative innovation can implement a system that responds by developing optimal alternatives and policies for each field such as disaster and health by using intelligent information in real time. In addition, by upgrading cloud services combined with mobile, there is a virtual integrated administration such as sharing information and knowledge without boundaries between ministries, which may not require the use of PCs because all information is stored in the cloud.

Just as we need to learn to speak to read books, we need to know the mathematics that go into AI to understand AI. As a representative form of AI, there is a neural network ‘where‘ each node is connected to the output value. Given a picture of a plant, AI can find the data corresponding to the plant image on its own when there is an app that tells you what the plant's name is.

7주차(1)

Korea has changed a lot from being the poorest country in the world to becoming the leader of ICT. Korea is not happy regardless of wealth. The purpose of education is to be happy, but education in Korea hinders this happiness. Education to acquire knowledge can be learned through YouTube, the Internet, etc., so education to obtain pleasure is important. It is important to find your individuality through education on what you like and are good at. In other words, it is education that makes what is not happy happy. Through ICT, e-government services were newly created, but paper was no longer used using Civil Service 24 or HomeTax. However, the Ministry of Science and Technology in charge of location, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport in charge of geographic information, and the Ministry of Public Administration and Security in charge of statistics are not integrated and operate respectively, so big data coordinates cannot be developed. Government 3.0 is a society that is open to citizens and shares, communicates, and collaborates. The government should provide personalized services for citizens, create jobs, and provide a creative economy. A country without young people's hope is doomed, and the government should support young people to start their own businesses. The vision of Government 3.0 is to make everyone happy.

Big data requires hundreds or tens of thousands of input and output pairs. Finding the matrix between input and output is called learning, and learning can be done through various experiences and data. Deep learning appeared in the structure of an artificial neural network and data is obtained through this learning. As computers have developed and a lot of data has been secured, it has become easier to obtain big data. The fourth industrial revolution seems to be a war of algorithms or mathematics, but it is actually a battle of who secures a lot of data.

7주차(2)

휴강

9주차(1)

The test consists of a form of memory and understanding, and it is the College Scholastic Ability Test that shows this particularly well. It lines up and ranks people. These tests bring stress and stress keeps you from working well. How to take a fun and happy test should be done in the form of speaking and writing, not memorizing. According to the e-government uation released by the United Nations, Korea ranked second in the e-government development index and tied for first in the online participation index along with the United States and Estonia. Korea topped the list for the third time in a row and was the only participant in online services to score a perfect score. However, looking at the e-government development index, in Korea, the HCI index representing human capital was low. If I look at the learning part, you can find out what UNDESA was directly memorized in the past, but now you can search for it.

9주차(2)

Classical studies do not have a problem if they follow the learning method of thousands of years ago, but in the case of public administration, changes are fast, so they must learn the past, present, and future anew. Broadly speaking, it makes no sense to talk about the statistical system in administration, but looking at how the national statistical geography system is actually used in administration, you can get the information you want by combining geographic information and population distribution tables. For example, you can find out which alternative is best when attempting policies such as reverse subscription services. So, if you ‘select‘ a specific region in the geographic information system, all statistical services related to that region will appear. If I look closely at the statistical geographic information system, when data are put in, it is analyzed using the geographic information system and statistics are generated. Without satellite images, geographic information, and statistical systems, no policy system will work properly. However, Korea has not yet been commercialized due to different departments in charge of satellite imaging, geography, and statistical services.

10주차(1)

Ubiquitous can be seen as similar to smart, which refers to self-development. The development of information and communication technology is causing structural changes in various aspects of society. Industrialization can be seen as inhuman development, but informatization has developed citizens' needs in various and complex ways. Governments using ubiquitous computing technology can provide public services without time and space constraints. The concept of ubiquitous computing technology shows that ubiquitous networks consist of people, materials, information, and computers, with fewer and fewer physical technologies and more electronic technologies. Information includes sound, data, and video, devices include computers, phones, and home devices, and networks include broadcasting, Internet, and communication. Currently, several fields are separated, so I had to know each one, but when ubiquitous technology becomes available, all fields will be combined. An example is a location geographic information system that integrates satellite images, geographic information systems, and statistical information. In conclusion, all digital devices, people, any‘where‘, from any device, can be connected to any service.

When I draw an X, the angles a and b are always the same. In order to prove this, a and b are always the same because the upper part of the right angle is c, and the combined value of a and c is 180 degrees, and the combined value of b and c is 180 degrees.

10주차(2)

AI is made up of mathematics, which is the computation of a matrix. Blockchain can be said to be cryptocurrency, and according to these two factors, you should find a job that you need in the future. However, moral psychology can also be considered to be happy and enjoyable. The government calls virtual currency the second Internet, the core infrastructure technology of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In order to make a profit from this cryptocurrency, you have to read the future flow of ‘where‘ you are going. As IT technology develops, the public sector changes. Technologies that lead the IT industry include cloud computing, client computing, and mobile applications. With the development of IT technology, the government has developed into user-centered public informatization, public informatization of cooperation between the public and private sectors and the public, and public informatization that maximizes accessibility. Maximized accessibility means equal access to information and Wi-Fi is installed every‘where‘. The platform functions as an interconnection function, a connection attempt and reinforcement function between several subjects, and a value-added creation function. Platform-type government refers to cooperative government, intelligent government, and transparent government. The cooperative type functions around strengthening cooperation between the government and the private sector, the intelligent type focuses on strengthening administrative services to accommodate the needs of the people, and the transparent government functions around communication and participation.

Vectors consist of numbers horizontally and vertically and are divided into multiply, add, dot product, and norm. In one-dimensional space, a vector is located at a point on a vertical line, and in two-dimensional space, it is located diagonally from the origin. In other words, a vector makes as many dimensions as the number of dimensions and if you put a point there, the vector is represented and no matter how long the number is, the vector is a point.

11주차(1)

At the moment, investing ‘where‘ we are going is the way to make money. Smartphones are computers with software, unlike phones that used to be used in the past. The current Internet is called the first Internet, followed by the blockchain as the second Internet. Electronic governance is to create a multidimensional world with a horizontal relationship by forming a network of countries, companies, and citizens with different characteristics within the Internet. Governance is the participation of several actors in a decentralized and horizontal way. Cyber space enables real-time sharing through the control of multimedia information, and actions are performed in the real space. The reason why cyberspace is important is that real space has several constraints, while there are no time and space constraints by reproducing this real space in virtual space. Electronic governance emerged to show the limitations of representative democracy, the neoliberal stance and new public management, and to increase the opportunities for citizens to participate. Electronic governance focuses on putting non-governmental elements in the process of determining policies by activating communication with the community. Electronic governance can create a basic framework when e-voting is actively introduced.

In the mathematical calculation of a vector, multiply is multiplied by the number given to the vector, and add is also added to the vector. Each inner product can be multiplied by a given number and the resulting number must be the same length of each vector. Norm is the root of a given number. When they are calculated geometrically, multiply is multiplied by a given point and add is added to a given point. The inner product is lowered vertically at a given point, allowing the two vectors to overlap and multiplying the length of the two vectors. Norm means the length of the vector.

11주차(2)

In the metaverse world, when making new drugs, results can be predicted and used through virtual experiments on a computer. When playing music, you have to use various types of instruments, but using virtual space, you can prepare and play the sound of the instrument in advance without needing all the instruments immediately. This is also related to nanotechnology, and artificial photosynthesis is being attempted using sunlight. These technologies are possible only when different technologies functionally work together. The attributes of ICT are speed, accuracy, interactive sharing, and ease of access. Rapidness and accuracy introduced the management method of the private sector, and e-government used ICT to improve the efficiency of governance and handle electronic tasks. Interactive sharing has enabled cyber organizations, including cyber committees, and established a 24-hour one-stop service system. The ease of access made it possible to provide equality and affordable and universal services in information access. When e-government is implemented, the need for civil society and governance does not cause the decline of the country, but causes restructuring and transformation of the country.

Geometrically, a vector is made perpendicular by lowering a point from a given point, ‘where‘ to calculate the length of the vector, the length of the vector can be obtained by squareing the given point and applying a root. In the case of Euclidean distance, given multiple straight lines regardless of how many dimensions the vector is, the length can be obtained by finding the difference in a given number, squared, and rooted, as in norm. In other words, it can be seen that norm is included in the Eucildean distance. The most important thing in a vector is not the size, but the reference point here in the direction is 1.

12주차(1)

The 4th Industrial Revolution was an era achieved by convergence of information and communication technology, and the biggest difference from the 3rd Industrial Revolution is that ICT converges. This includes technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, robots, drones, and the Internet of Things. Big data is data that processes large amounts of data, various types, and faster than general data. In an era ‘where‘ there was a lot of data in the basics, but it relied on a small number of data analysis and human abilities, computers could analyze and predict large amounts of data. Artificial intelligence is a technology that imitates human thinking by converging with big data technology, and it can be seen that the opportunity for the development of artificial intelligence has increased in the recent Go match between AlphaGo and Lee Sedol. After all, in the future, the ability to produce, manage, and control artificial intelligence is more required. Cloud is a technology that performs data processing to information processing using data and computing infrastructure on servers on a network. Blockchain refers to a technology in which participants jointly manage data recording information, not a central server, which has a high level of security, and thus has a low risk of hacking. The Internet of Things provides services by implementing two-way communication with technology that connects objects, objects, people, and objects.

There are coordinates that we use without knowing, which is coordinate. The reason for making the x-axis and y-axis 90 degrees is because they are independent of each other. That is, it means that information in the y-axis direction and in the x-axis direction are independent. Vectors are important in size but more important in direction. The two most basic vectors in two dimensions are [1,0] and [0,1], which are called basis vectors. All information in two dimensions can be represented by vectors. If [2,2] is expressed by multiplying the basis vector by 2, but the only thing you do here is multiply and add something. This is called linear transformation. All matrices do transformation, but not in the case of underlying vectors.

12주차(2)

In the West, mathematics developed, science developed, and computers appeared, and in the East, sustainable development was possible through the development of morality. Kodak, a former analog camera film company, has almost disappeared with the advent of digital cameras, which can be ruined if it fails to match this increasingly digitized world. If money, which is analog money, is digitized, it can provide information to all participants, not the central system base, and reduce costs through computers. The 4th Industrial Revolution caused a change in the demand for administration, and changes in the social environment and policy issues that affect the role and appearance of the government can be identified. For example, it can be seen that people's perception has changed in a disaster situation and changes have been made in the demand for administrative services related to the disaster. Compared to other countries, Korea has a very rich ICT infrastructure, so Wi-Fi services and IT education are very active, but they are very weak in terms of politics and bureaucracy. Currently, governance is weakening ICT competitiveness due to lack of consistency with the characteristics of the ICT ecosystem, which must evolve in the direction of value sharing as it constantly changes and develops.

For the matrix itself, the basic is [1, 1], and the x-axis and y-axis are 90 degrees. Here, 90 degrees is the most efficient point and can be expressed even if it is not 90 degrees. For example, if I have points a and b that are not 90 degrees, if I want to express c, I can multiply a and b to obtain a value of c. Two or more vectors are unconditionally required to express certain information in two dimensions. If the angle of a and b is 0 degrees, it is very similar, ‘where‘ any information cannot be expressed and is trapped in a dimension. Therefore, if the angles of the two vectors are zero degrees, they are two-dimensional, but only one-dimensional can be expressed.

13주차(1)

From smart governance to smart countries, social change is very fast, so it must be developed in line with it. It is changing to an e-government tailored to individual consumers, which is expected to strengthen administrative services centered on users and create new forms of all. It is an e-government that can be accessed anytime, any‘where‘ using a smartphone, for example, checking the movement of COVID-19 confirmed patients in real time. The value orientation of e-government is changing, which has helped narrow the gap between the knowledge and ideological knowledge that citizens feel about government through experience. Assuming a reasonable and economical human being, both the owner and the agent are changing to a reasonable and self-interest-seeking form, which can lead to information asymmetry. Technologically advanced to overcome reverse ‘select‘ion and moral hazard, and uation of governance's mutual checks and controls became common. If the asymmetric problem of information is overcome through transparent information disclosure, trust in the government increases. The government is changing into a participation model in which both bureaucrats and citizens play the role of producers. In order to secure transparency, a participation mechanism that fully guarantees citizens' participation in the policy-making process must be established. The future smart e-government should move toward clarifying value-oriented points, re-examining the role of the information officer, fundamental administrative innovation, and re-examining administrative tasks. Smart e-government is an administrative system that redesigns administrative work methods and procedures based on highly intelligent ICT and social networks, shares knowledge and information between the government, businesses, and citizens, and aims for the role of cooperative partners. In order to promote smart electronic government, research and strategies of e-governance system are established, laws and systems from the existing information service perspective are completely reorganized, and a new convergence e-governance system is established to promote platform government.

The data economy is inevitable globally and Korea is also implementing it. Seoul's Owl Bus analyzes the location information of telecommunication company customers, determines and operates routes. Platform businesses are markets that connect producers and consumers, including Amazon, Uber, and YouTube. Analyzing big data social media can overcome existing research because it takes a low cost and a short period of time. Big data can predict the future, and if insights are derived and implemented through economic statistics and analysis through big data, future economic risks can be minimized.

13주차(2)

Smart means that the logic that penetrates the information society refers to a person's continuous development in a desirable direction by modeling imagination in mathematics and applying it to the machine. Currently, urbanization is rapidly progressing as it becomes an industrial society, and social problems are occurring accordingly. Social problems include traffic congestion, water shortages, disasters, and fine dust, which threaten the sustainability of the city, as population and resource consumption are concentrated in the city. In order to solve these urban problems and sustainable development, we are paying attention to smart cities that use 4th industrial revolution technologies such as AI and big data. Smart City is a platform for creating a new industry by utilizing innovative technologies in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution to improve the quality of life and improve the sustainability of the city. Korea has a high global level of ICT technology and smartphone penetration rate and has various experiences in urban development, and has an advantage in creating a smart city. Korea's smart city promotion strategy aims to solve urban problems using the advanced technologies of the 4th Industrial Revolution, create an inclusive smart city that cares for citizens, build an innovative ecosystem, and strengthen global cooperation. As a national pilot city, it is being created as a leading model for future smart cities that focus on advanced technologies in Sejong and Busan. The key innovation factor of Sejong's pilot city is that autonomous drivers have arrived in the transportation sector, making it convenient to move only with future transportation such as shared vehicles and personal mobility.

The conditions necessary for innovation with big data include planning, data guaranteed with the best quality and quality, accessibility, analysts to analyze the data, and whether there is a culture that can be decided with insights from the data. AlphaGo's excellent performance in the match between Lee Se-dol and AlphaGo is the result of artificial intelligence that learned a lot of Go's notation, and many experts saw it and realized that even out-of-frame answers could be the answer.

14주차(1)

Big data is a collection of numerous data in various forms and is used not only in daily life but also in politics, economy, and culture. People can analyze this data set using Rusin Learning, one of the artificial intelligence technologies, and predict who will buy which products in advance. Big data has become possible not only for individuals but also for predicting traffic jams and epidemic spread paths by time. As the value of big data increases, not only the sovereignty of the data but also how to handle the data has become important. Currently, we need to establish a new planning paradigm for carbon neutrality and COVID-19, and we do not know which areas are disproportionate, and we need to predict location, geography, statistical big data, and real-time analysis. Statistics related to Korea are very well-organized and location and geographical information are also well-known, but these data are not fused and are all separate. Therefore, it is not known exactly which region has which problems, and these location, geography, and statistical big data can be fused using coordinates. Location, geography, and statistical big data make it easy to compare between regions, but no one knows because they do not exist. In order to implement this, it will be possible to implement an analysis system through the fusion of big data technology and QGIS by assigning coordinates to all statistical systems issued by the state. However, separate management is required for privacy. Using location, geography, and statistical big data, the land of the metropolitan area and local areas can be developed in a balanced manner. In rural areas, highway toll gates will be greatly expanded and the problem of local population extinction can be solved along with balanced development through the reverse subscription economy. In addition, if the government has personal information and provides support in the form of reverse subscriptions when young people start businesses, the inevitable movement from provinces to cities will be reduced. Google can predict approximate infectious diseases using big data, and it can analyze the frequency of searching for search terms related to colds on Google to find out which areas have infectious diseases. Currently, there are few areas ‘where‘ big data is not used, and location, geography, and statistical big data are the most important among big data.

14주차(2)

Today, professor explained about the final exam. Professor said that the original test was face-to-face, but it could be non-face-to-face depending on the COVID-19 situation. The assignments so far have to be posted on the professor's homepage and on the lms to make backup files. As you submitted your assignment during the midterm exam, if you did your assignment on the day, you could mark it as attendance, late if you did it in the week, or absent if you did it afterwards. If marked incorrectly, there may be a deduction. In order to organize a semester, you should check the assignment submitted every week, check the grammar, and submit it. This is recorded while listening to the professor's class, so you will remember the class well. We must complete and submit any document without anyone having to touch it. You have to make it a habit from the time you go to school so that it will not be disadvantageous to the company or yourself later. What is needed in the future society is definitely important, but it depends on how to move the knowledge in artificial intelligence. In addition, knowledge as well as ability to handle artificial intelligence should be developed.