전자정부론 출석 및 과제점검표(재택수업 스스로 점검하기)

학과:행정학과

학번:21307529

주(날짜)	출석(당일)	지각(해당주)	결석(그이후)	과제	비고
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7주차(1)	○				과제 대체
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8주차	중간고사
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15주차	기말고사
과제1	○			20/04/03
과제2	○			20/05/11
과제3	○			20/06/28
계	29	0	0

이름:안효진

강의요약정리

1주차(1)

The study of the information society era should be a convergent study that does not focus on one single study, but broadens various fields. For example, fossil energy, including oil and coal, is not much left. So, you have to do research using your imagination, such as producing energy by attaching solar panels to the ceiling of a car using solar heat. Animals do minimal learning to survive. However, people study for development. However, if study is used incorrectly, it has a great adverse effect on society, so we must have humanity before studying. So we have to correct ourselves before we build knowledge.

1주차(2)

The agricultural society is slow in production due to the lack of technology, and only minimal activities are needed to survive. Therefore, the speed of transmitting information was the same as the speed of human walking. However, due to the development of transportation such as ports, railroads, and airplanes, the industrial society has made information transmission much faster than the agricultural society. However, there was a big problem of environmental pollution, so we needed a way to solve these problems. So it was the information society that emerged. Informatization society has virtually unlimited speed of information provision and no risk of environmental pollution in delivering information. (ex. Internet, network) Students study foreign languages but do not practice in real life. So, we need to learn how to study by various means by taking advantage of the information society.

2주차(1)

The tools of the agricultural and industrial societies were created to improve the physical capabilities of human beings, and the tools of the information society (Digital) were created to improve human mental capabilities. The industrial society made mass production and mass consumption possible in the material aspect compared to the agricultural society, thereby enriching human life. However, this kind of economic activity caused humans to become too obsessed with economic activity and destroyed the earth‘s environment, and an information society emerged to solve this environmental problem. The information society has been able to solve various problems arising from the industrial society and pursue knowledge and mental satisfaction. We must think and act in line with the changing paradigm of the information society.

2주차(2)

A steam engine is a representative technology that has triggered the industrial revolution. The technology that affects the economic sector of a society for so long is called GPT (General Purpose Technology). The steam engine was the first versatile technology to replace human physical capabilities. The development of this machine made mass production and mass consumption possible, bringing abundance to human life. And in modern times, the role of computer (Digital) technology is replacing that role. Compared to the existing technology, this digital technology has gone beyond the physical limit of space and brought about a technological revolution that can be connected simultaneously any‘where‘ in the world. This revolution is called the 4th Industrial Revolution. The core technologies of the 4th Industrial Revolution are IoT, big data, artificial intelligence, VR, and AR. This fourth industrial revolution will transform the society of the future from an industrial society characterized by separation to a society in which integration is accelerated. However, in the aftermath of this change, existing jobs will be reduced and various social anxieties such as dictatorship of platforms like Big Brother will be caused. To compensate for these shortcomings, it is necessary to change the purpose of society in the direction of seeking diversity rather than totality. (Ex. Small Urban Community)

3주차(1)

Information is a concept that often changes as society evolves, but generally refers to meaningful content used for decision-making or action by individuals or organizations. There are five basic characteristics of this information. The characteristic of information is that no matter how much you use it, it doesn‘t disappear, and infinite copying is possible. In addition, information is not reduced and does not change by sharing, and its value is maintained only if it is constantly updated. In addition, information has a characteristic that the distinction between producers and consumers is ambiguous, and due to the characteristics of such information, a number of problems have arisen that cause social inequality, such as piracy and ownership problems. Even if the information is the same information, the effect is different depending on the knowledge or utilization ability of the information user. The informatization society has continued to develop from the vacuum tube computer in the 1950s to the current information age ‘where‘ semiconductors are made and all computers are integrated into a network and distributed. The future informatization society will be a global village in which smart technology is applied to all fields, ‘where‘ information is used and exchanged between individuals, regions, and countries.

3주차(2)

The 21st century is a society informatization is progressing, and the world‘s economic order is being reorganized through informatization. As the informatization progresses, information related industries such as computers, software, and information and communication are emerging as national leading industries, and many advanced countries are investing heavily to enhance the competitiveness of the country and gain an edge in the informatization field. In addition, with the rapid development of Internet-related technologies, the convergence of computers, broadcasting and communication technologies has accelerated, and a new paradigm for social and economic activities has emerged as the world connects online without limitation of place and time. In order to lead informatization, the government must first ‘select‘ the leading businesses related to information and communication, and intensively invest time and resources. Korea is taking various measures to foster the information and communication industry in response to the multimedia era. (Ex. Informatization Promotion Committee)

4주차(1)

Data refers to readings of recorded symbols and signals, and expresses facts about the world in symbols and languages of meaning. The paradigm of data has changed from analog to data, from quantity to quality, from provider to consumer, and from monopoly to share. And the form in which this data is gathered and accumulated in large quantities is called a big data. Because big data can process data at a much faster rate than before, it is emerging as a source of national competitiveness in digital society and a core resource used to create social and economic value. Benefits of big data include improving healthcare, rational decision making, increasing transparency, improving government trust, and cyber security. However, as it manages everything with data, it has a disadvantage that it cannot care for citizens who are placed in blind spots of data that cannot be captured by data.

4주차(2)

Knowledge is acquired through interaction with a person‘s environment, and it is the ability and understanding to act appropriately to the situation, and professional opinions existing and stored in the head. The characteristic of knowledge is that it develops through the learning process and changes in value over time and is effective only when knowledge is used. In addition, knowledge is divided into tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge. Implicit knowledge is an experience-based subconscious and cannot be observed. Explicit knowledge is a conscious, formal expression and can be observed. Intelligence is the ability to acquire, apply, modify, expand, and use information to solve problems, and wisdom is the ability to understand the nature of a problem, make good decisions, and judge based on experience and knowledge.

Difference between intelligence and knowledge

Intelligence is inherent in nature and impossible to achieve through experience.

Knowledge is acquired through acquired learning processes and requires constant experience to grow and develop.

Difference between intelligence and wisdom

Intelligence is the ability to apply appropriately to a formal problem situation, demonstrates professional abilities in a specific field, and wisdom is the ability to solve atypical problem situations and the ability to understand and grasp various situational factors.

5주차(1)

E-government means that the government‘s administrative organization and business system can be efficiently reformed using information technology so that government services can be provided quickly, accurately, and conveniently to people anytime, any‘where‘. Also, the purpose of e-government is to induce government innovation by operating information transparently and efficiently using information and communication technology. The existing government is bound by various regulations, it is difficult for the public to participate, it is difficult to share information, and the organizational system is also vertical, leading to poor efficiency. The e-government improved these shortcomings to improve efficiency and provide services that are not limited in time and space. In Korea, the concept of e-government emerged from 1994 when discussions on the establishment of a high-speed information and communication infrastructure began, and it was approached to improve the efficiency and convenience of administrative services for citizens as an implementation project to implement the national informatization policy.

5주차(2)

There are three types of conceptual implementation of e-government:

Type 1 (e-Banking) : The use of information technology to change the way government services are delivered to the public.

Type 2 (e-Operation) : The government connects the inside of the government so that the work can be viewed more efficiently.

Type 3 (e-Governance) : A new governance model for transforming public sector institutions beyond the process of government service delivery using electronic means.

The types according to the ideology of e-government are divided into equity, productivity, reflection, and democracy. And it can also be divided into the types of government and related parties: G2C (improvement between government and citizens), G2B (provide better service to companies), It is divided into G2E (enhancement of administrative efficiency) and G2G (enhancement of coordination and cooperation between central and local governments).

E-government covers e-management, e-society, e-services, and e-citizens. The e-government process maturity model is as follows.

Phase 1: Cultivation (horizontal and vertical integration within the government, adoption of intranet)

Phase 2: Expansion (intranet expansion, personalized web interface)

Phase 3: Maturity (Outside the intranet limit, accountability + transparency)

Phase 4: Revolution (Share data between organizations)

6주차(1)

Today the government is moving towards ‘government 2.0‘ The government of the future will develop into ‘Government 3.0‘. Currently, the government is making various changes to services based on Web 2.0 technology.

Easy data sharing between government agencies and citizens through mash-up service

Mash-up service manages GIS, tax office, police traffic management, banking, medical expenses, insurance, etc. It also improves inter-ministerial cooperation and improves service levels between public and private institutions. (Mashup: Web 2.0 technology that combines one or more contents)

Citizen-centered service and accessibility improvement

New service types are created to enable access to government services.

Citizens can conveniently access government services through various portals. (Ex. Bank tax office electronic form + bank account service integrated to provide payment service)

Strengthening and expanding citizen participation using blogs and wikis

Evolution to government 3.0

Government 3.0 is a semantic web-based government that intelligentizes all government services according to conditions and preferences. The Semantic Web is a next-generation artificial intelligence web that allows easy retri of information through all types of channels. It provides customized intelligent services according to user needs and records individual lifestyles on the network through information devices and sensors. These semantic webs are available in various services depending on the level of technology. (Career consulting, tourism service, personal medical service, etc.) In the future, the government will develop into a virtual government that provides and processes services in the virtual space. These governments connect the functions of many organizations, share information, and enable virtual integration anytime, any where.

6주차(2)

Korea was one of the poorest countries in the past, but now it has become a global leader in information and communication. (Ex. Samsung, LG-> Korea‘s leading global company) However, the level of happiness of the people is very low compared to the level of wealth. With the development of the ICT field, Korea has been able to provide convenient government services such as civil complaints 24. It became possible. However, despite these developments, online services have not been integrated into each institution, and in order to solve this, The way governments work must change.

What is Government 3.0?

It is a citizen-centered government innovation and applies and spreads core values in all areas of management, provides customized services to citizens, and supports job creation and creative economy. Government 3.0‘s main values are openness, sharing, and cooperation. Factors that have made Government 3.0 successful in South Korea include the vision and leadership of the President, the world‘s best e-government infrastructure, cooperation between private and public institutions based on legal and institutional frameworks and governance frameworks, and widespread agreement among civil servants.

Government Change Process

Government 1.0 = Government-oriented, pursuing efficiency as a core value, and delivering administrative services only in one direction. Face to face

Government 2.0 = citizen-oriented, pursuing democracy as a core value, and administrative services can be delivered in both directions and use the Internet.

Government 3.0 = Personal orientation, pursuing greater democracy as core values, active and customized delivery of administrative services, and the use of mobile Internet and smart phones

7주차(1) - 전반부 총 정리 및 과제 설명

7주차(2) - 전반부 총 정리 및 과제 설명

9주차(1)

The development of information and communication technology has transformed society into an information and knowledge-oriented society, played a role in changing the function of government, and human capabilities will also be greatly developed by utilizing information and communication technology. And with the development of information and communication technology, the Internet and the World Wide Web have developed, enabling more efficient communication. EG is the most representative example of this change.

EG is a web-based government the government‘s information resources are used in a more effective and efficient way for citizens, businesses and governments. EG is divided into government-oriented EG, mutual EG and citizen-oriented EG, and aims to provide better services to citizens by utilizing information and communication technologies such as web-based technologies while changing government agencies. It will be developed in a way that integrates several elements such as communication skills and citizen participation and presentations.

ICT improves efficiency, ensures transparency in the execution process, and is affecting various aspects such as politics, culture, society, and the economy. (Ex, e-newspaper, online education, e-democracy, e-commerce and e-trade)

9주차(2)

The modern era is an era in which knowledge can be acquired by itself through various high-tech devices, but since wisdom is difficult to obtain on its own, it must be acquired through constant interaction with people around it.

The development of information and communication technology has brought about great social change and has changed the role of government. In recent years, the e-government (E-Gov) and ubiquitous computing environments have emerged, making it possible to access the government anytime, any‘where‘, away from the limitations of physical space, so administration efficiency has increased greatly.

Ubiquitous environment means a new space connected to a network ‘where‘ all things and people are invisible, and aims to realize various services by connecting people or devices to the network in real time anytime, any‘where‘. To succeed in the ubiquitous e-government, a virtual space called the National Geographic Information System (NGIS) must be built first. And in order to build NGIS, it is necessary to build a database of environmental capacity geographic information system based on geographic information. Such a database can be constructed by surveying environmental capacity for integrated environmental indicators.

NGIS has various academic values, has the advantage of promoting education and research, increasing the efficiency of national and local government administration, and contributing to the standardization and integration of national informatization.

We should not study only one subject, but we should study in combination with many different disciplines. However, it is difficult to fully understand all learning in depth, so simply understanding the basic principles of learning is very helpful.

10주차(1)

The New Deal Policy is a policy that creates new jobs by constructing roads, bridges, airports, parks, and public facilities to solve the problems caused by mass unemployment. Recently, Korea implemented the Korean version of the New Deal as the job crisis approached due to the Corona virus, and the core of the U.S. New Deal focused on building industrial facilities such as ports and bridges. And the core of the Korean version of the New Deal focused on the establishment of various digital infrastructures such as data collection, the establishment of a foundation for utilization, the advancement of 5G networks, etc.

In order not to lose human nature even if the technological infrastructure develops and the employment insurance system is implemented, education on human wisdom and moral values should be combined.

The ubiquitous government can provide public services to citizens without time and space constraints. E-government development has four processes: innovation in public services (Internet and network), innovation in G-Work (improvement of administrative processes), innovation in G- structure (automation of government internal activities), and civic engagement (online participation, customized services). UG is a ubiquitous government based on ubiquitous computing, a knowledge-based society, and an information society.

The ultimate goal of UG is to provide customized services to all citizens, anytime, any‘where‘, through any device. However, this requires building a ubiquitous administrative space and integrating the GIS system with the regional statistical database.

The nature of ubiquitous computing is that all digital devices and humans are interconnected and built into real life and things, providing citizens with a personalized service that is invisible.

10주차(2)

IT technology has developed in a user-oriented direction, and the representative strategic technologies that have led the IT industry include cloud computing, green information technology, mobile applications, and advanced analysis technology.

Government changes due to IT technology development

Currently, the government operates online forums, policy real-name systems, information sharing systems, and open government homepages. In the future, changing to a user-oriented future government will enable citizens‘ voluntary participation and provision of administrative services that transcend space and time.

In addition, efficiency will be maximized as the scope of work and services expands and evolves into complex steps.

The industrial and social government was a one-way and limited government-based system based on the wired Internet, and the current information and social government is a citizen-oriented system capable of providing interactive information based on wired and wireless Internet. The smart and social government of the future will be an individual-oriented system capable of providing personalized information by integrating wired / wireless Internet and mobile devices.

In addition, with the development of IT technology, various platform-type governments such as cooperative government (strengthening government-private cooperation), intelligent government (strengthening administrative services), and transparent government (strengthening communication and participation) have emerged.

11주차(1)

Definition of electronic governance

Electronic governance is a network in which various actors such as nations, corporations, citizens, and NGOs in the Internet space construct a multidimensional world while maintaining a horizontal relationship with each other, and is an integrated form of cyberspace and governance.

(Governance: Formed by multiple members participating in a decentralized and horizontal way)

Electronic governance emerged as information technology development increased citizen participation and the government‘s business changes more efficiently. And due to this change in information technology, the concept of ‘super personalization technology‘ emerged. This means a technology that provides services and products by predicting the needs of customers by grasping and understanding the consumer situation in real time.It is a function that collects all data from customers and analyzes the data with algorithms to provide customized services to individuals.

Electronic governance is characterized by a number of integrated decisions, direct democracy, democracy and efficiency. Electronic voting has changed the aspect of electronic governance, and it has the advantage of being able to reduce costs, increase voter turnout, and vote quickly.

Development stage of electronic governance

1. e-information: providing information necessary for participation through online

2. e-interaction: converging public opinion through bulletin boards on the network

3. e-intergration: step in which citizens participate directly in government policies and decision-making to express opinions and make decisions

11주차(2)

In order to achieve effective e-governance, we need to have efficiency and democracy. Here, efficiency is similar to that of ICT, which is fast and accurate, and ICT and neoliberal reform, governance, e-Governance, and e-government are closely related to each other.

Conventional civil society and government used to be confrontational and supportive, but now they are in an e-Governance relationship, and governance in government and civil society is state-centered governance, and government and governance are complementary.

Because representative democracy has limitations in its legitimacy and efficiency, participatory democracy has emerged as an alternative. However, there was a problem of securing procedural rationality in the process of policy formation of electronic democracy. Therefore, participation as a form of governance is required to enhance both the legitimacy and efficiency of the policy and to cooperate with the government and civil society. To realize governance, two conditions must be met: social capital and the formation of a forum of public opinion.

Social capital: An intangible asset that increases production activity. norms, trust, network that promote coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit. Robert Putnam argued that in order for social capital to be formed, citizens should join social groups and participate voluntarily.

E-governance has the disadvantage of undermining social capital if it loses credibility because it has ambiguous responsibilities, has ecological vulnerabilities and constraints, is exposed to the dangers of hacking and cyber terrorism, and has problems with free rides. E-governance will develop in the direction of expanding access guarantee and continuously improving the quality of service through the provision of consumer-oriented services and various access channels.

12주차(1)

The 4th industry is attracting attention as a new national growth engine, and it is the era achieved by the convergence of ICT technology. It is divided into six core technologies, such as big data, artificial intelligence, robotics, IoT, unmanned transportation technology, 3D printing technology, and nanotechnology, and is also a key element for the success of the Korean version of the new deal policy.

Big data refers to data collection, storage, and analysis utilization technologies that feature massive amounts, various types, and fast data processing, and can be used in various ways in government public services and in the private sector.

Artificial intelligence is a technology that mimics human thinking through fusion with big data, and is attracting attention as a new growth engine in the industry and the financial sector, and artificial intelligence has already been used in various areas such as banking, securities, insurance, media, and medicine. So, in the future, the ability to produce, manage, and control artificial intelligence will be required, so humans must have both moral and mathematical skills.

Cloud technology means data storage and information processing using data from network servers, and has the advantages of flexibility, economy, and efficiency. It is attracting attention as an infrastructure that can realize new ICT technologies such as AI and big data, and world-famous IT companies are rapidly researching and developing.

Blockchain is a technology for participants to record and manage information jointly, and it has the advantage of excellent security and low risk of hacking by applying distributed processing and encryption technology simultaneously. Currently, it is mainly used in the cryptocurrency market, and in the future, blockchain technology will be used more widely.

Internet of Things is a technology that provides two-way communication between objects and provides complex services related to things. Recently, with the development of 5G technology, the possibility of converging the Internet of Things in various fields is increasing. It is represented by smart homes, smart factories, and smart cities.

With the 4th Industrial Revolution, the administrative sector will be online and digitized and more open to the public. Governance will also change to local autonomy and decentralization rather than central government, and will eventually develop into an international convergence society by converging central, local, citizen and government using the network.

12주차(2)

By the 21st century, the digital and network environment developed and the fourth industrial era came. Thus, environmental changes occurred in many areas, including social environment and various policy issues, and the demand for administrative services changed anew accordingly.

The development of ICT technology will create a more efficient and convenient city by applying smart city, smart energy management technology, and smart transportation technology to cities. (Green New Deal or Digital New Deal) But for this successful change, human morality and wisdom must be combined with advanced technology.

Korea has a well-equipped ICT infrastructure and active IT education, so ICT competitiveness is world-class, but the gap in development with other countries is gradually narrowing. This is because Korea‘s ICT regulation level is very strong compared to other countries.

In order to enhance the competitiveness of ICT, it is necessary to establish clear ICT policies based on long-term goals by clearly recognizing the limitations of government 3.0 and establishing a cooperative and coordination system among ministries to create a flexible system that can accept future changes while pursuing shared values.

In order to redesign ICT governance, the government must act as a mediator, platform provider, and platform environment creator for the development of the ICT ecosystem.

In the 4th Industrial Era, the Korean government should move away from the closed administrative methods of the past and transform into a transparent and mutually cooperative form. In addition, it is necessary to re-establish inter-governmental functions based on accurate data collection and analysis, focusing on problem solving, and establish a system for the successful settlement of the Korean version of the New Deal. In order to do so, the establishment of a special government committee for smart government should be established first.

13주차(1)

ICT technology is evolving with a focus on users. For this reason, it is predicted that people-oriented administrative services will be strengthened and a new form of government governance will emerge.

-> Birth of e-government tailored to individual consumers

In addition, e-government should help citizens reduce the gap between government knowledge and ideological knowledge about the government, and focus on enhancing government credibility through diversity management. In order to do so, information asymmetry should be solved through transparent information disclosure and procedural justification must be secured.

In the rational model for efficiency, administrative transparency depends on economic standards and the degree of citizen‘s data and information ‘select‘ion, and bureaucrats must continuously observe the behavior of the people to correct their work more efficiently.

In the participatory model aimed at responsiveness, both officials and citizens play the role of co-producers. In addition, a participation mechanism in which citizen participation is fully guaranteed must be established in the policy-making process, and the government should have mediation ability to coordinate various interests.

In the future, smart e-government will develop from the fundamental part through administrative innovation to re-lighten the entire administrative task. In order to successfully accomplish this, the role of the information officer responsible for helping the best decision makers accurately determine the problem and make appropriate decisions is important.

Smart e-Government (Government 3.0) is a new government-operated paradigm that provides public customized services by actively opening public information based on ICT and social networks.

13주차(2)

Due to the rapid urbanization, the world population has greatly increased and the urbanization rate has reached 70%, so various social problems are intensifying. Therefore, countries around the world are paying attention to smart cities as a new alternative to solve urban problems and continue to prosper, and are making efforts to promote the construction of smart cities using various 4th industrial technologies.

Smart City refers to a platform for improving the quality of life and fostering new industries by utilizing innovative technologies in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution.

Korea has accumulated various city development know-how in the process of developing new cities for more than 20 years, and it has an environment suitable for the creation of smart cities because it possesses global ICT technology.

In order to successfully build smart cities, the Korean government has been actively supporting policies such as expanding fiscal investment and improving regulations, so many local governments are promoting the construction of smart cities to suit each region‘s characteristics.

In addition, it is promoting the creation of an innovative industrial ecosystem by utilizing autonomous vehicles and smart energy by integrating new technologies such as artificial intelligence, 5G, and blockchain by creating a future smart city that incorporates various advanced technologies.

The government is pursuing R&D for smart city innovation growth engine to build smart cities based on data and artificial intelligence. In addition, through the Smart City Challenge, we are actively supporting the participation of local governments and citizens through active participation of the private sector, including companies and universities.

14주차(1)

In order for the Korean version of the new deal to succeed, the educational new deal, the digital new deal, and the green new deal must be combined to develop in a wise direction.

Nowadays, it is an era in which citizens directly provide ICT solutions. (Soljik Challenge, Non-face-to-face industry)

Leader achievement is achieved through the ability of the subordinate, so making the subordinate the best leader is the leader‘s priority.

The logic of social development is to apply a person‘s imagination to a machine through mathematics. So in the future, society will be divided into those who dominate AI and those who dominate AI.

In the future, the energy field will return to the agricultural society using solar panels and the like, excluding the use of fossil fuels.

Because of Corona 19, most of man-made things were stopped and nature was recovering, but the world did not stop and was accelerating the fourth industrial society. In addition, the economy will shift from mass production, consumption and sharing to the era of subscription economy. So, as a result, you will be able to lend or sell numerous unused items at home through the subscription economy.

In a situation ‘where‘ employment has been difficult due to Corona 19, we need to receive employment information from the recruitment information website and use free government-funded education and digital new deals to decide the path to go.

Competition makes sharing difficult, unproductive, and difficult to understand people. So society should develop in the future in a way that shares knowledge and wisdom.

14주차(2)

The basic income system is a system that provides minimum living expenses to all members of society regardless of whether they have property or income, whether they are working or not, and their willingness to work.

This can be found in Thomas More‘s ideas in the 15th century, and many modern and contemporary thinkers presented similar concepts. And in modern times, when the era of the fourth industry has arrived, the trend of industrial automation has intensified due to the development of artificial intelligence, and as jobs have gradually decreased, it is becoming increasingly popular.

In the case of Korea, cash welfare was implemented by expanding the basic income from disasters caused by Corona 19 to nationals ahead of the 4.15 general election.

To introduce the basic income system in earnest, it is necessary to fundamentally reform the tax increase and welfare system reform.

However, some critics say that the national employment insurance system is more just than the basic income system, or that the basic income system is a socialist distribution system.

The need to expand the employment safety net is increasing as job losses have become serious since Corona 19.

Therefore, Korea aims to gradually expand its national employment insurance policy, and in the case of France, many people benefit from the fact that it already exists as an artist employment insurance.

Employment insurance should be discussed and introduced carefully because each country has a different labor market environment, including the industrial structure and the proportion of self-employed people.