전자정부론 과제2

행정학과 21407908 김 한 솔

주		출석	지각	결석	과제	비고
1주	03/06	○				수강정정기간
	03/08	○
2주	03/13	○
	03/15	○
3주	03/20	○
	03/22	○
4주	03/27	○
	03/29	○
5주	04/03	○
	04/05	○
6주	04/10	○
	04/12	○
7주	04/17	○
	04/19	○
8주	04/24	○				중간고사기간
	04/26	○			과제1○ (04/30)
9주	05/01					휴강
	05/03					석가탄신일 휴강
10주	05/08	○
	05/10	○
11주	05/15	○				전산오류
	05/17					휴강
12주	05/22	○				전산오류
	05/24	○
13주	05/29	○
	05/31	○
14주	06/05	○
	06/07	○
	06/08	○				보강일 /종강
15주	06/12					수업無
	06/14				과제2○ (06/18)	수업無
16주	06/19					기말고사기간
	06/21
계		26	0	0	0

※ 수업마다 1줄씩 추가

2주차 (1) 2017. 03. 13.월요일 (4줄)

Our professor, Mr. Cho respects many people such as Sejong the Great, admiral Yi Sun-shin, Genghis Khan and etc.

They have one common ground that they changed the world’s paradigm.

And that’s the reason of Mr. cho’s respect.

He said like that, “Students, Study hard and effectively. and then change the world’s paradigm.”.

2. 2주차 (2) 2017. 03. 15. 수요일 (5줄)

Information is very important in our society.

Especially, moving of information through internet is invigorated.

This society is called ‘Information-oriented society.

Don’t stay in ‘Agrarian society’ or ‘Industrial age’.

Students need to study about internet abilities such as making homepage, searching correct information, etc in information-oriented society.

3. 3주차 (1) 2017. 03. 20. 월요일 (6줄)

Certainly, The world is rapidly changing.

Also, every environment surrounding us is changing.

So, we must change.

We need to not take a job in existing company but make new jobs.

For making new jobs, we must pay attention to convergence.

Do your work that other can’t and make new area.

4. 3주차 (2) 2017. 03. 22. 수요일 (7줄)

The forth industrial revolution is coming.

Do you know what is the important thing in this revolution?

It’s IOT (internet of things) that is connection of every things (human, object, service) through internet.

That connection will set up a ubiquitous computing environment.

This show us how important convergence is.

Also creative thinking that makes new and innovative convergence is important.

Now, it’s the time to choose between two roads which survive or die.

5. 4주차 (1) 2017. 03. 27. 월요일 (8줄)

Many people say “Learn how to use computer effectively”.

Why we should learn computer?

Because you live in information society.

In this society, computing is essential.

We can control many things through computer.

For example, in factory, machines make products and machines are controled by computer.

Like this example, computers and machines substitute human.

If you'll realize this is not all, learn computing for your future.

6. 4주차 (2) 2017. 03. 29. 수요일 (9줄)

Computer is similar to human’s brain.

The common ground between human and computer is they are studying, memorizing, etc.

The difference is ‘creative thinking’.

Computer focuses on ‘memorizing’, human focuses on ‘creative thinking’.

Therefore, Human should cooperate with computer for go to new age be called ‘Smart age’.

Sadly, in Korea(South), that cooperation don’t be conducted.

There are high technology, but there aten’t creative thinking.

If you want to go to the new world, learn computer abilities such as making web site, GIS, etc and think creatively.

And then, let's ride a boat toward the forth revolution together!

7. 5주차 (1) 2017. 04. 03. 월요일 (10줄)

How many brains do you have?

Do you have just one brain?

Now, you should have another brain.

It’s computer.

Using computer makes all information connection easy.

And it makes information system important.

System categorizes as deterministic system: probabilistic system, open system:closed system, artificial system, closed decision system:open probabilistic decision system and human-machine system.

Especially, human-machine system(IOT) is being developed.

Soon, everything will have internet system.

Finally, these all development makes human’s life more convenience.

8. 5주차 (2) 2017. 04. 05. 수요일 (11줄)

In information society, for success people need not physical ability but personal ability such as computing.

Now, people can have opportunity of success regardless of gender, class and etc.

Women can study, have a job and make money.

In most countries, class society was destroyed.

This situation is occurred because of changing way of education and thinking.

People need new thinking, tool, area, industry and finally new world.

If so, how can we arrive to the new world?

Fundamentally, we need convergence between some existing things.

With this convergence, we can make many tools and find new industry such as IOT.

After this process the forth revolution will come completely.

You can do many things in new world.

9. 6주차 (1) 2017. 04. 10. 월요일 (12줄)

Human is developing many tools for their convenient life.

They always want better life.

And this desire need many efforts.

It show you must study hard for your better life.

Today’s class topic is professor Cho’s presentation material about his study named building of ubiquitous  computing spatial environment of local u-government in 2007.

This study’s purpose is to suggest prototype for realize ubiquitous in local government.

Advancements in information technology caused structural change in many side of society.

And it caused diversification, complicated of citizen desire in public sector.

Therefore, ubiquitous government is needed for solution of citizen's desire.

Then, What is ubiquitous government?

It is to provide public service that citizen need without limit of time and place.

In information society, to run a nation effectively need change of system such as introduction of ubiquitous government.

10. 6주차 (2) 2017. 04. 12. 수요일 (13줄)

Today's class topic is extension topic of the last class.

It's ubiquitous government.

Depending on develop of computer, moving of information was be easy.

And it made citizen be wanted to improve the quality of life.

As a result, in government, to improve government service and extend the field of that is be mandatory.

Therefore, for to provide government service that satisfy citizen, they need ubiquitous government.

They should eliminate wrong information and categorize data.

And they should graft new technology of computer to government service.

With new technology they can make application on smart phone and manage homepage more effectively.

After appearance of ubiquitous government, citizen can be provided government service in anytime, anywhere.

And ubiquitous government also can make many jobs that needed for management of service.

People are changing and the world is also changing.

Now, government must change.

11. 7주차 (1) 2017. 04. 17. 월요일 (14줄)

Did you enter to information society?

If so, don’t remember informations.

just search information through internet.

Development of internet change the way of communication.

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) is it.

It changed the business environment and communication methods throughout the world.

This situation also occurred on government department.

Through new method that provide public service can provide to citizens public services anytime, anywhere.

And it can make quality of life high.

Information technology is still developing.

We can use internet through not only computer but also smart phone, tablet and more.

It called internet of things (IOT).

Now, study of IOT is doing actively.

In the near future, we can do everything through IOT about business and public work.

12. 7주차 (2) 2017. 04. 19. 수요일 (15줄)

Today’s topic is new education paradigm on the web.

This power point document was maiden by professor Cho in 2002.

In agricultural society, there wasn’t many jobs.

After industrial revolution in 18c, the number of jobs rapidly increased.

But, in information society, the number of jobs are decreasing.

Why are jobs disappearing?

The reason is appearance of robot.

One robot can work more than one person's amount of work.

CEOs could think through that fact, “Employees are not necessary. robots will be better on our revenue”.

If so, how can we survive in information society?

The answer is ‘thinking’.

We have the power of thinking.

And thinking can make we creatively.

Robot can work quickly and correctly.

But it can’t think creatively like human.

13. 8주차 (1), (2) - 중간고사

14. 9주차 (1), (2) - 휴강

15. 10주차 (1) 2017. 05. 08. 월요일 (16줄)

We think we live in information society.

At perspective of consumer, it is fact.

But, at perspective of producer, it’s not fact.

Because our internet ability for live in information society is not enough.

The tools for information society are CAD, web-design, big data, GIS and etc.

The meaning of live in information society is not use internet but make new things through internet.

Innovation must to be continued.

IOT (internet of things)is a technology and also service that connected all things and share information between thing-thing, thing-human, thing-system through internet.

In short, IOT means things have intelligence.

In kind of IOT, there are internet of everything, industrial internet, internet of customers.

From now on many services can be provided anywhere, anytime with IOT.

Gartmer anticipated that in 2020, 7 billion devices will connected and number of connected things will 70 billion.

It means the market of IOT will keep big.

It also means education about IOT is essential.

In society, university, home or yourself should realize need of IOT education.

And you should learn IOT.

16. 10주차 (2) 2017. 05. 10. 수요일 (17줄)

Do you know what is government 2.0 and 3.0?

Government 2.0 is a government type that characterized by its citizen-oriented services enable by information sharing and facilitated participation.

Today, government changes from government-oriented to citizen-oriented government.

Paradigm of government service have changed.

In 1995-2000, Government type was government 1.0.

At that time, government was government-oriented government and had limit on time and place to provide public service.

And the service provided one-way.

In 2005-2010, Government type was government 2.0.

It was citizen-oriented government and provided bilateral interaction service.

And from this time, government provided public service through mobile.

In 2015-2020, government type is government 3.0.

This is government service portal for individuals and customized intelligent service.

And government can provide public service anytime anywhere.

Combination of information can make new information.

And participation by people can make information deep and exact.

This fact also can apply on government.

Participation by citizens and government workers can make government wisely.

17. 11주차 (1) 2017. 05. 15. 월요일 (18줄)

Let’s see Korea at a glance.

Korea was one of the poorest countries but, now Korea is the world leader in ICT.

Like this fact, status of Korea changed.

In Korea, most people use smart phones and most people have home PC.

Although Korea is one of wealthy country, Koreans feel unhappy regardless of the wealth they earned.

ICT is a growth engine of Korea.

Korea major enterprises such as Samsung and LG transform their character from home appliance company to the ICT company.

Korea government aim E-Government.

If so, what is Government 3.0(Gov. 3.0)?

It is citizen centered government innovation.

And it apply and diffuse core values to all areas of governing (open, share, communicate, collaborate).

Government should provide more customized services for meeting citizen’s need.

Government service must be simple and fast.

The vision of Gov. 3.0 is the happiness of all the people.

To achieve the vision some strategies are needed.

Government must be ‘transparent government’.

And government have to do business support and job creation by opening public database.

In Gov. 3.0, citizens can access and download DBs at data open portal.

18. 11주차 (2) - 교수님 학회로 휴강

19. 12주차 (1) 2017. 05. 22. 월요일 (19줄)

United nations (UN) persue sustainable development.

The millennium development goals by world leaders more than ten years ago have made a huge impact on the lives of billions of people.

In education, we achieved parity in primary education between girls and boys.

In past, girls couldn’t be educated.

Because at that time, it was a male-dominated society, so people thought female education is unnecessary.

Now, most female can be educated and a lot of people can drink clean water.

UN aim to a goal that all people in the world agreed.

For example, there are poverty solution, gender equality.

For promoting sustainable development, roles of many governments and legislative bodies are stressed.

Nowadays, the most important problem is job creation.

Economy has bogged down because increase of youth unemployment.

For solve a whole of economy problem, to solve youth unemployment is essential.

Every change can’t be achieved in short time.

We need to develop in long time.

Sustainable development focuses on balanced development.

It persue fairness in intra-generation and inter generation.

All government face to multifaceted and very complex problem.

Global challenge can’t solve with one factor.

It can solve with apply of a lot of factors.

20. 12주차 (2) 2017. 05. 24. 수요일 (20줄)

In E-government, there are three important dimensions.

First, it is the availability of online services.

Second, it is telecommunication infrastructure.

Last, it is human capacity.

What is the stressed dimension among theses three dimension?

It’s human capacity.

The United Nations E-government Survey’s conceptual framework is based on the following guiding principles.

First, e-government in this Survey is considered to be the means to an end, the end being development for all.

It is intended to support the development efforts of united nations member states.

Second, the Survey and its results must be placed in the context of the overall pattern and level of development of each country concerned.

Third, the focus of the Survey is on provision of socio-economic and environmental services to the population through the use  of e- government as a pro-grammatic tool, as well as on participation and social inclusion.

Finally, the Survey assesses e-government readiness worldwide, taking the view that the ultimate objective remains the “inclusion of all” in development.

The United Nations E-Government Survey is produced every two years by the department of economic and social affairs.

It is the only report in the world that assesses the e-government development status of the 193 United Nations Member States.

The survey is intended for government officials, academics, intergovernmental institutions, civil society organizations, and etc.

The theme of the 2014 edition of the United Nations E-Government Survey―E-government for the future we want―is particularly relevant to addressing the multi-faced and complex challenged that our societies face today.

Korea is the only country that changed from developing country to developed country.

In the past, we was helped from other countries.

But now, we help other countries.

Don’t afraid to challenge new things.

21. 13주차 (1) 2017. 05. 29. 월요일 (21줄)

Chapter 1 presents an overview and braod analysis of the 2014 survey data by providing progress at a glance.

Chapter 2, on progress in online service delivery, presents how online services are measured and explains what is new in the 2014 survey.

Chapter 3, which focuses on e-participant, examines global and regional rankings of e-participation, as well as trends by sectors and levels.

Chapter 4 focuses on the critical role of whole of government to promote holistic and integrated approaches to e-government development.

Chapter 5, which focuses on mobile and other channels for inclusive multichannel service delivery, including web portal, email, SMS text service, mobile portal and mobile application, social media, public kiosks, public private partnerships, counter and telephone services.

Chapter 6 looks at trends in bridging the digital divide and offers an overall picture of digital connectivity with a specific focus on e-services for disadvantaged and vulnerable groups at the national level.

Chapter 7 outlines the current situation of e-government usages and highlights the effects made by 193 United Nations Member States.

Chapter 8 offers global and regional trends in Open Government Data (OGD) and examines the findings of the 2014 Survey in this area.

The Republic of Korea has retained the top spot in 2014 with its continued leadership and focus on e-government innovation.

Australia (2nd) and Singapore (3rd) have both increased considerably over their 2012 global rankings.

As in previous years, the 2014 survey shows that Europe continues to lead with the highest regional E-government Development Index (EGDI) followed by the America led by the United States of America (ranked 7th globally).

Asia led by the republic of Korea.

Oceania led by Australia and Africa led by tunisia (ranked 75th globally).

Nevertheless, the 2014 Survey shows that each geographical region exhibits high internal diversity.

The leading nations in Europe include France (4th), Netherlands (5th), United Kingdom (8th), and Finland (10th).

E-government was also included in the basket of basic online services assessed―alongside education, health, finance, labour and social welfare functions―given the need to promote environmental stewardship.

In information society, people can't live without educations of internet skills.

So, Government should educate public officers and support to internet education of university before start to change to E-government.

E-government can’t invigorate without internet education.

After educate public officers and civils, E-government of Republic of Korea will stay in the top class.

To know how to make and use software is as important as to produce hardware.

22. 13주차 (2) 2017. 05. 31. 수요일 (22줄)

In terms of usability features, a large majority of countries provide users with basic search tools to locate content, and now do so in more than one language.

However, only about half of the United Nations Members States maintain an advanced search engine, only 40 per cent enable user opinion features.

For example, tag clouds and ‘hot topics’ lists and less than one third show the availability of a secure connection.

Most people didn’t use short message service (SMS).

It show us people stay in user’s aspect yet.

All countries don’t provide online service.

But, there are a big gap between a country that is e-government and other country that is not e-government.

And To make e-government needs online environment.

It also needs people who was educated online abilities.

E-government provide citizens public service effectively.

And it can help your country to growth.

There are also severe challenges, including the digital divide, low user take-up and the  lack of incentives to participate.

Citizens can participate to government management and making policy through e-government.

Successful strategies need to address both formal and informal approaches to citizen engagement.

To increase the likelihood of success for e-participation strategy, governments can benefit from those platforms and channels that are already in use by citizens rather than creating new ones.

If most citizens use ‘A platform’, government should use this ‘A platform’.

Government should provide participation opportunity through ‘A platform’.

Understandably, government must provide consistent feedback on consultations to citizens.

The important thing is government motivate citizen with not civic duty but sharing traditions and values.

Republic of Korea is one of the world e-participation leaders.

We should strive for stay in top class of e-government.

That is our generation’s task.

23. 14주차 (1) 2017. 06. 05. 월요일 (23줄)

There is increasing expectation for easier access to more public information and public services from anywhere, anytime through multiple channels or citizen touch-points.

In the past, there were less channels that access to public information and public services.

But now, that channels that access to public area are more diversity and spread than the past.

One of the channel that access to public area is mobile.

We can use public information and services through mobile.

That public mobile service based on online.

This kind of government is E-Government.

In recent years, the number of countries offering mobile apps and mobile portals doubled to almost 50 countries.

The use of social media by governments is also increasing fast with the number more than tripling from 2010 to 2012.

Both over the counter and telephone services remain fundamental channels with the majority of countries providing at least some services using these routes.

For solving individual problem, counter and telephone services are better than internet and mobile services.

But, for providing informations to citizen, internet and mobile services are better.

Government and citizen should choose the channel for public service suit kind of public service.

Public service delivery can be greatly improved through a smart blend of channel mix, optimizing the characteristics of different channels to satisfy diverse citizen’ need and having a consolidated view and analysis of channel performance.

While initially the digital divide was considered primarily an issue of access to relevant information technology infrastructure it is increasingly about capability and ability to access and use ICT.

The digital divide arises from broad socioeconomic inequality.

And at the root of both are economic and social disparities between countries, groups and individuals which impact their ability to access and use ICT to promote well-being and prosperity.

As such, the digital divide in one form or another affects people both in developed and developing countries.

Of course, to develop country and new technology made our life more convenience.

But, In the earth, there are many countries that can’t provide valuable technology and information.

And it make more bigger gap between developed countries and developing countries.

We should do our best to make our country salubrious.

And should we also do our best for world equality.

24. 14주차 (2) 2017년 6월 7일 수요일 (24줄)

One aspect of the digital divide is the e-government usage divide, which is generally corrected with demographic and socio-economic characteristics, such as income, education and age.

Most of tasks in public area and business area use online.

If you can’t use online well, you can be exclude from most things including your job.

Then, how can we solve this problem that called digital divide?

In European countries, they provide online education to information minority group for solve digital divide.

They make citizen's online ability default.

After this process, digital divide can be solved.

For effective e-government, citizen participation is very important.

In fact, although government provide many public information and high standard of public services, citizens don’t use it.

Why they don’t use e-government functions?

Because, they don’t know about e-government functions.

Government must promote their service through many channels.

And they have to educate online ability to children.

After a lot of citizen participation, e-government can perform their function well.

In these days, most citizen use smart phone.

It show us need of mobile public service.

So, government also should provide their services through mobile.

And they should use social network service (SNS) effectively.

Data has always been a strategic asset for ant organization.

But its importance has exponentially grown in the last decade due to the enormous amount of data creation and advances in data collection, processing and analysis technologies.

However, while the use of data in developed countries has made enormous progress in recent years.

This situation is contrast with developing country.

For more developed e-government, we need high technologies.

And we also need public officer's effort and citizen participation.

25. 15주차 (1) 2017. 06. 08. 목요일 (25줄) - 보강기간

In all countries, governments should focus even more on starting, growing and sustaining open data initiatives through updating their policy, legal and institutional frameworks.

Political awareness of citizen was grown up in contrast with past.

Citizens try to know policy of their country.

And they analysis it, argue their needs.

If government don't work for country, citizens argue change of government.

They can even change their government.

So, government can't deceive citizen.

If so, how can make good country?

The solution is e-government.

In e-government, government must upload most information.

And they must provide online public service.

Then citizen can monitor their government, be provided public service through interne.

It's very simple than the past.

If a person have PC, he/she can do public work and search some information of country's policy.

The recent recognition of the importance of open government data (OGD) in meeting the rights of individuals, businesses and civil organizations is increasing.

But, There are not enough efforts of government that satisfy these needs.

The 2014 survey found that while many countries use government web sites to share data, only 46 countries have dedicated data portals.

There is a need to develop appropriate policy, legal and institutional frameworks to ensure that basic rights to information are available and well known.

Of course, we can't make a good government with only revitalization of OGD.

We need transparency and fairness of social structure.

A good country must have equal opportunity.

All citizen can do anything and have any jobs regardless their family situation or gender.

The starting point that be a good country in information society is simple.

Government should share their data.

And citizen should discuss their needs and thinking with others and government.