출결 및 과제 점검표

학번: 21407490

이름: 윤지은

주	출석 (해당일)	지각 (해당주)	결석 (그 이후)	과제	비고
1주(3/6,3/8)	○				수강정정기간
2주(3/13,3/15)	○
3주(3/20,3/22)	○
4주(3/27,3/29)	○
5주(4/3,4/5)	○
6주(4/10,4/12)	○
7주(4/17,4/19)	○
8주(4/24,4/26)	○				중간고사
9주(5/1,5/3)	○				휴강
10주(5/8,5/10)	○
11주(5/15,5/17)	○				서버오류,학회행사
12주(5/22,5/24)	○				서버오류
13주(5/29,5/31)	○
14주(6/5,6/7)	○
15주(6/8)	○				보강
				과제1 ○ 과제2 ○
계	15			2

<각 주별 강의요약 첨부>

1주차

Orientation

2주차(1)

Today, professor introduces men who contribute to change the society totally in each part.

And he said we have to add our face beside their's pictures by having a big dream.

Students need to change way of studying, from memorize to using computer.

Also before accumulate knowledge, make humanity and healthy body is more important.

2주차(2)

There are many requirements for the students, and the first one is physical and psychological health.

The social paradigm is change in order of agricultural society, industrial society and information society.

Today is information society and in this time, there are no limits in delivery of information so we can create our own website.

Most of students study classes separately and it's equal to eating rice, soup, and side dishes separately.

So student should study with integrated different knowledge.

3주차(1)

Until now, we usually didn't have the training to pull out the knowledge and it means we usually didn't study.

Students can search job by UN Internship and Job Projects.

It will help to achieve our dream in the future.

To achieve dream, first, people have to sustainable development and students have to study by using studying methods of information.

And then, study speaking, writing and listening english and computer-related tools together.

Today's education is change from teaching and studying to learning by doing.

3주차(2)

The Internet of Things is kind of object space network.

It allows people and things to be connected in every condition.

IoT can connect the world, so it will makes exciting future.

The cars in fourth industrial revolution are very different as compared with third industrial revolution.

It will give custom service for people who ride in a car.

China is preparing for the fourth industrial revolution with a massive economic growth spurt.

The difference between the third and fourth industrial revolution is rapid speed, comprehensive change, and systemic innovation.

4주차(1)

Until now, all of tools have improved human's physical abilities.

But digital tools of information society are created to improve the human's mental abilities.

One of the popular digital tools, the computer, is a good tool to complement abilities of brain.

Industrial society in physical aspect has enabled mass production, distribution, and consumption, so it resulting in material abundance.

In spiritual aspect, industrial society enabled rational thinking of maximum effectiveness at minimum cost.

But this economic activity accelerating environmental deterioration and it made difficult for humans to exist on Earth.

For this reason, we need for a new society paradigm where nature and human or economic development and environment preservation can coexist.

So the information society will solve the problems in the industrial society and develop toward high efficiency at low cost.

4주차(2)

Information society means a process to change to a high level of information society.

And it is established through computer networks, and information is more valuable than now.

In information society, the center of economic activity is converted into creation of knowledge.

There are several reasons for social change by necessary aspect, technological aspect and policy aspect.

In the context of the necessity, solving problem of social maturity and industrialization is the reason.

In technical aspect, development of computer and Internet is a reason.

Last, in policy aspect, information infrastructure will determine the competitiveness of cities, regions, and countries.

Information is the message to used for individuals and organization's decisions or actions.

Basic characteristics of information are non-consumption, possible to copy, cumulative effects, non-transferable, non-depreciation and no change in quality.

5주차(1)

Computer is an invention to complement the human brain.

So these days, we can use a physical head and an artificial brain both.

The information stored in the computer and connected to the network shows a huge difference depending on the user.

System means a set of interconnected elements.

In information society, because complex problems and phenomenons correct solution is difficult, systematic approach is very important.

For example, components of car like engine, handle and tires are have to connected to work.

There are many kinds of system and human-machine system is most important.

Human-machine system is consist of both human and machine components

And information system is a representative example of human-machine system.

Major advanced countries include US, develop technology to preempt high information society.

5주차(2)

In order to personally succeed in information society, we need a challenging posture.

But basically, we should stick to the basics.

Everything is determined by personal effort and ability.

These days are age of fusion, so there are pencil with eraser, cruise(ship with hotel) and etc.

Energy and water is ultimately the orgin of sustainable development.

So energy and water will come into trend and connected mobile application will be popular.

Third wave, the digital revolution is creating revolution and recently, a fourth revolution is taking place of the Internet.

Countries around the world are actively seeking ways to utilize information technology.

In order to achieve this, advanced industrialized nations are planning to implement a plan for promoting information services suitable for each country.

We must know our own facts accurately, set goals and streamline your information and work smart.

The importance of modernizing economic structure to better cope with the international economic situation and adapting to the digital economy has emerged as an important issue.

6주차(1)

We need practice to make creative sentence so don't be afraid to revise the text.

The development of Information and Communications Technology has caused structural changes in the various aspects of society.

And it causing the public to diversify and complicate the public's desires.

In Ubiquitous government, ubiquitous computing technology delivers public services needed for citizens without time and space contrains,

The purpose of this ubiquitous study is to propose a framework for the implementation of Ubiquitous Local Government.

It does not focus on the technological solutions but the change of social structure.

Four processes of e-Government development are innovation of public services, g-work, and g-structure.

Ubiquitous Government is the government which is based on the ubiquitous computing environment in information technology, working process, and service provision.

UG is a stage of EG development but the Former is distinguished with latter in terms of convergence of real and virtual world, network, embedded tag in material.

And it is based on the broadband, mobile network, sensor, and RFID.

The ultimate goal of ubiquitous government is to provide citizens with a tailored services.

Many local governments has tried to build the Ubiquitous Local Government.

6주차(2)

There are many preconditions for Ubiquitous Local Government.

First, ultimate goal of ubiquitous government is to provide citizens with a tailored services at anytime, anywhere, any device, anyone, and anything bases.

Next, many local governments have tried to build the ULG to provide the citizens with the tailored public services.

There are some precedent conditions to be resolved: the building of ubiquitous administrative space which is established with the integration of real space and virtual space.

And ubiquitous infrastructure like RFID, ubiquitous sensor network, and convergence of digital devices.

Also citizen, netizen groups should be changed into the ubiquitous groups, they should autonomously participate in the governance process.

If the area changes to ubiquitous local governments, all the systems will be one and become convenient.

Create my own idea is very important in this Information age.

Wireless and mobile network makes possible to receive the information on moving status and regardless of location and greatly inprocess the accessibility to the public information.

Sensor and tag which have a cognitive ability are embedded in materials or things.

Major computing environment in UG is the convergence of network, devices, and business organization.

Basic database such as geographical information and statistical database.

The other idea should be included in this basic databases.

7주차(1)

ICTs is abbreviation of Information and communication technologies.

ICTs have already changed the business environments and communication methods.

Particularly, the development of Web-based technologies provides a revolutionary way of information communication.

The government elaborates the information management system, builds the delivery system of public services, and established the electronic communication system.

ICTs contrivute to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of executive functions of government operation.

Government departments are able to improve the way of the information provision to the citizen in innovative way.

And citizens can get information from the government website anytime and anywhere.

Communication between government and citizens, and provision of public services are implemented through the website.

EG can defined as the web-based government that the government information resources are used in the more effective and efficient way for the citizens, business and government.

It transforms government organizations and activities, and aims to provide better services by web-based technologies.

The most prominent characteristics of EG are that these things are implemented through the Internet and web sites.

Web makes possible the government business and public services accessed to citizens 24 hours.

But, there are no typology on the EG development stage even if several scholars suggest the vision on the development process.

There are three types of EG, Government-Centered EG, Interactive EG, and Citizen-Centered EG, and they will be integrated into the Integrated EG.

7주차(2)

By the time society progressed, a work which many people did in the past now only one person doing it.

Every tools improve human physical abilities.

But computers complement human brain abilities.

And this reason for manufacture computer is very simillar with education's purpose.

However, computer can't do creative activities, but human can do it.

All human's creative ideas are different from each other.

Information society is change a lot from past to present.

For example, economy is change from industrial society's economy to digital economy.

Organization is change from vertical structure to horizontal structure.

And this horizontal space is infinitely broadening.

In future, education also requires customized training and employment to accommodate diverse needs using information technology.

Taking advantage of computers will soon become effective in learning about education.

In information society, individuality and teamwork are both important.

So we need to make our own website.

Also, students must get expertise and skills need in information age.

8주차

1st Exam

9주차

휴강

10주차(1)

These days, with the development of the fourth industrial age, robots are replacing jobs.

IoT is an abbreviation of Internet of Things.

IoT's concept is intelligent technology and services that connect all things based on the Internet and communicate information.

It connects between people and things, objects and objects, objects and systems.

Animal don't have intelligence but humans have it.

There are several definitions of IoT and they are Internet of Everything, Industrial Internet, and Internet of Customers.

First, Internet of Everything is a term which company Cisco made.

And it means enabling businesses, individuals and nations to create new capabilities, rich experiences and unprecedented economic opportunities.

Second, Industrial Internet is a term designed by GE to represent the convergence of machines and data.

It is used to improve the overall efficiency of the system and network to which the machine is connected.

Last, Internet of Customers is a term which made my Salesforce.

It has the ability to collect vast amounts of information about customer usage.

The development of the Internet has been rapid in the 2000s.

Gartner predicts that by 2020, 7 billion devices will be connected and connected things will reach 70 billion.

As IoT grows, service over physical time and location becomes possible by use GPS.

As the platform and service provider become more and more dominant, and the digital convergence service based on the Internet will be expanded.

10주차(2)

Governments today are progressing toward ‘Government 2.0’, which is characterized by its citizen-oriented services.

Government 2.0 is enabled by information sharing and facilitated participation.

The future governments are expected to advance toward Government 3.0 customized and intelligent government using Semantic Web technology.

Looking at the changes in paradigm shift of government services, in 1995~2000, there is a government 1.0.

Government 1.0 is first world wide web and it's features are one-way service, government-oriented etc.

In 2005~2010, the government 2.0 was open.

Government 2.0's features are citizen-oriented, one-stop-shop, bilateral interaction, mobile services etc.

And from 2015 to 2020, it's called Government 3.0.

Government 3.0 is real-world web and has features like government service portal for individuals, customized intelligent service, intelligent services etc.

Mashup services allow government organizations and citizens to easily share and utilize government data and services.

Many mashup services are using by organizations.

Local governments develop GIS and providing relevant services by integrating maps of other organizations.

National Police Agency manages traffic and monitors accidents by vehicle registration and GIS.

Tax offices use tax management service, bank account information, medical expense and other compensation data of insurance companies.

Government 3.0 is a Semantic Web-based government that personalizes and ‘intelligenizes’ all government services according to the conditions and preferences of each individual.

The Semnatic Web provides tailored services for each individual by allowing easy search of requested information via any type of channels including websites and DBs.

Gartner was said, by 2012, 70% of public websites are expected to utilize Semantic Web technologies.

11주차(1)

Korea is one of the poorest countries but now it‘s change to the world leader in ICT.

GDP per capita, and exports grew significantly compared to the past.

Also 82% of home has PC and broadband Internet and 3 out of 4 mobile phone users use smart phones.

Looking at Korean companies, transformation of major enterprises such as Samsung and LG from home appliance company to the ICT company.

Naver, the leading internet company of Korea has stock market value of 6th.

Like this, e-commerce and mobile market‘s grow fast.

But despite advanced e-government services and infrastructure, e-government has not changed the way government works much.

Innovative programs through ICT should contribute to change government culture and the way officials working.

And falling to integrate online services of each agecy due to the lack of information sharing in government.

We need more customized services for meeting citizens‘s.

So What is Government 3.0?

Government 3.0 is citizen centered government Innovation.

And government 3.0 is apply and diffuse core values to all areas of governing.

It provide customized services to citizens.

Government 3.0‘s vision is the happiness of all the people.

And it‘s objectives are provison of customized services and creation of jobs and new growth engines.

One of government 3.0‘s strategy is advanced disclosure of public information.

Korea government has integrated disclosure at OPEN.GO.KR.

12주차(1)

Today, we study about E-government.

MDG is the abbreviation of Millennium Development Goals.

The MDG set by world leaders more than ten years ago have made a huge impact on the lives of billions of people.

However, progress has been uneven more than one billion people still live in extreme poverty.

And there are persistent challenges like health, gender equality, clean water etc.

United nayions continues to promote prosperity, equity and peace, a global conversation has begun to degine a concrete sustainable development framework.

The United Nations General Assembly in its resolution has reaffirmed the strong need that achieve sustainable development by promoting sustained.

It stressed that all levels of government and legislative bodies play an important role in promoting sustainable development.

Overall, the goal of sustainable development is to ensure the promotion of an economically, socially and environmentally for the planet and future generations.

Sustainable development emphasizes a holistic, equitable and far-sighted approach in decision-making at all levels.

Global challenges including poverty, inequality, climate change are such that no single actor can effectively deal with them on their own.

Effective collaboration among agencies across all levels of government is essential.

Collaborative governmance is crucial to improving people‘s lives.

E-government and innovation can provide significant opportunities to transform public administration into an instrument of sustainable development.

E-government is the use of ICT and its application by the government for the provision of information and public services to the people.

More broadly, it can be regerred to as the use and application of information technologies.

The opportunities offered by the digital development of recent years.

It through online services, big data, social media, mobile apps, or cloud computing.

While e-government still includes electronic interactions of three types that three types are G2G, G2B, and G2C.

12주차(2)

Today, we will continue to learn about e-government.

E-government can generate important benefits in the form of new employment, better health and education.

There are three important dimensions of e-government development.

One is the availability of online services, second is telecommunication infrastructure and last is human capacity.

The United Nations E-government survey‘s conceptual framework is based on the following guiding principles.

First, e-government in the survey is considered to be the means to an end, the end being development for all.

It is considered to be a powerful tool at the disposal of governments if applied effectively.

It‘s intended to support the development efforts of United Nations member states.

Second, the survey and its results must be placed in the context of the overall pattern and level of development of each country concerned.

It is equally important to underscore the promise of e-government.

Therefore, main measurements in this survey are based on e-government readiness.

Third, the focus of the survey is on provision of socio-economic and environmental services to the population.

It through the use of e-government as a programmatic tool, as well as on participation and social inclusion.

Finally, the survey assesses e-government readiness worldwide, taking the view that the ultimate objective remains the inclusion of all in development.

The United Nations e-government survey is produced every two years by the department of economic and social affairs.

It serves as a tool for decision-makers to identify their areas of strength and challenges in e-government and to guide e-govermnet policies and strategies.

Each chapter provides an analysis of the survey‘s data, as well as highlights strategies, challenges and opportunities.

The publication addresses critical aspects of e-government for sustainable development articulated along eight chapters.

Chapter 1 presents an overview and broad analysis of the 2014 survey data and Chapter 2 presents how online services are measured and explains what is new in 2014 survey.

Chapter 3 examines global and regional rankings of e- participation and Chapter 4 focuses on the critical role of whole of government.

13주차(1)

Today, we study about e-government again.

In this survey, Chapter 1 presents an overview and broad anlysis of the survey data.

Chapter 2 presents how online services are measured and explains what is new in 2014 survey.

Chapter 3 examines global and regional rankings of e- participation and Chapter 4 focuses on the critical role of whole of government.

Chapter 5 focuses on mobile and multichannel service delivery and it also examines principles of a multichannel approach.

Chapter 6 looks at trends in bridging the digital divide and offers an overall picture of digital connectivity.

Chaper 7 outlines the current situation of e-government usage and highlights the efforts made bt UN member states.

Last, chapter 8 offers global and regional trends in OGD and examines the findings of the survey.

Access to ICT infrastructure and the provision of education, including ICT literacy, are related to the income level of a nation.

The absence of these factors hinders the implementation of e-government initiatives.

However, it is clear that national income does not, by itself, constitute or guarantee e-government development.

Korea has retained the top spot in 2014 with its continued leadership and focus on e-government innovation.

Survey shows that Europe continues to lead with the highest regional E-Government Development Index (EGDI) followed by the Americas led by the US.

Asia led by the Republic of Korea and Singapore; Oceania led by Australia, New Zealand; and Africa led by Tunisia, Mauritius.

Also Americas led by the USA and Canada; Europe led by France and Netherlands.

Nevertheless, the 2014 Survey shows that each geographical region exhibits high internal diversity.

The 2014 Survey also examined the specific challenges and progress of e-government in the following three country groups.

There are the Least Developed Countries (LDCs), Small Island Developing States (SIDS) and Land-Locked Developing Countries (LLDCs).

Despite the serious economic, social and environmental challenges which many of these regions and groups face.

They each show outstanding examples which overcome their regional and income constraints to achieve significant e-government development.

E-environment was also included in the basket of basic online services assessed like alongside education, health, finance, labour and social welfare functions.

13주차(2)

In terms of e-government‘s usability features, a large majority of countries provide users with basic search tools to locate content.

However, only about half of the UN member states maintain an advanced search engine, only 40 percent enable user opinion features.

There also appears to be substantial underutilization of the potential of text-based SMS.

The most frequently found transactional services include setting up of personal online accounts, income tax filing and business registration.

On the whole, therefore, the 2014 Survey data shows substantial variability in the scope of online service delivery.

Differences between the highest and lowest online service scores and between the different stages of e-service development are considerable despite progress.

Many countries fall in the bottom third of the OSI, and there appears to be a widening gap between the e-government‘s haves and have-nots.

Improved access to telecommunication infrastructure has facilitated e-government development in some cases.

But in general the most advanced countries have continued to outpace the less developed in online service delivery.

There are clear opportunities for the future improvement of e-participation, including technology trends towards which are inherently interactive.

There are also severe challenges, including the digital divide, low user take-up and the lack of incentives to participate.

These opportunities and challenges call for effective strategies to create an enabling environment for e-participation.

Successful strategies need to address both formal and informal approaches to citizen engagement.

To increase the likelihood of success for e-participation strategy, fovernments can benefir from those platforms and channels that are already in use by citizens.

Promoting a clear idea and understanding of e-participation will help reach groups that are difficult to reach.

Governments should encourage issues-related participation and provide consistent feedback on consultations to citizens.

Motivating engagement depends more on a sense of belonging to a political community, as it does on linking these directly to the pressing issues of sustainable development.

Looking at the regional e-participation countries, The Netherlands and the Republic of Korea are leading the world e-participation ranking, followed by Uruguay.

Morocco and Kenya are the frontrunners in Africa, Uruguay and Chile head the rankings for the Americas.

The top performing countries for e-participation in Asia are the Republic of Korea and Japan.

Finally, Australia and New Zealand still lead Oceania.

Although sustainable development challenges have significantly changed over the past decades, government institutions and functions are still largely sharped.

14주차(1)

There is increasing expectation for easier access to more public information and services.

The survey shows that digital channels are being increasingly adopted by almost all countries.

The use of email increased only slightly between 2012 and 2014 to just over two-thirds of countries.

But it is likely to continue to grow in the future, especially for notification and information provision.

As far as the use of mobile phones themselves are concerned, there are today over 1.5 billion smart phones.

These are using globally and growing expontentially.

Between 2012 and 2014, the number of countries offering moblile apps and mobile portabls doubled to almost 50 countries.

The use of social media by governments is also increasing fast with the number more than tripling from 2012 to 2012.

And with another 50 percent rise in 2014, so that today 118 countries use it for e-consultation.

Both social media and mobile channels typically do not require high investment costs.

But they often need a business transformation and strong commitment in the public administration to maxmise benefits.

There is also an increasing use of public kiosks from 24 countries in 2012 to 36 in 2014.

Locations providing free use of online services, especially in marginalised or remote areas and where the indicidual use of ICT is not widespread.

Similarly, both over the counter and telephone services remain fundamental channels with the majority of countries.

They are often seen as important supplements for individual problem solving compared to which are generally better at providing information.

It is imperative for government managers to leerage the different advantages offered by various channels and find smart ways.

A multichannel approach in public service delivery is aking to a whole of government roadmap to e-government development and needs.

These are driven with a focused agenda and strong facilitation across all levels.

Public service delivery can be greatly improved through a smart blend of channel mix, optimising the characteristics of different channels.

The digital divide arises form broad socio economic inequality.

And at the roof of both are economic and social disparities between countries, groups and individuals which impact their ability to accss.

As such, the digital divide in one form or another affects people both in developed and developing countries.

Overall, efforts at mitigating the digital divide in any meaningful way have not reaped large dividends.

14주차(2)

One aspect of the digital divide is the e-government usage divide, such as income, education and age.

Furthermore, there is an increasing concern that a signigicant portion of the population will be shut off from jobs, health care etc.

This is especially the case in a few of the most advanced e-government countries.

For example in some European countries are only available online largely driven by the cost savings governments can make, as well as the burden reductions.

Clearly, this significantly boosts e-government usage, even though additional special provision needs to be made for groups and individuals.

Leveraging e-government to deliver development impacts depends on effective usage.

While the provison of e-government services is generally increasing, improvements are also needed to the demand side of the equation.

In the member countries of the OECD, e-government usage averages out at 50 percent, but there is great variation amoung countries.

And the use of more advanced services such as accessing and sending forms online is much less, especially, as such services require robust security systems.

In developing countries these numbers are even lower.

Countries efforts to develop e-government therefore need to go hand in hand with their efforts to increase demand through usability features.

There are such as simplicity and personalisation, usage monitoring and tracking and user feedback and usage promotion.

Indeed, many countries are doing this, although it is far from being the norm.

Increasing uptake is also dependent on aligning, mixing and integrating channels appropriate to specific service types and user groups.

In this context, both mobile and social media are becoming more important both to deliver services and to interact with users in a variety of ways.

This also helps government listen to and work with users and help design more appropriate, which is in turn likely to increase take-up and impact.

There are increasing examples where this is being done in sectors like education, health, which directly support sustainable development through increased user uptake.

Policy to promote both supply side and demand side must go hand in hand.

Polict efforts to increase take-up should, however, not aim just to increase usage.

But it should also focus on obtaining the maximum benefit from that usage for all stakeholders.

The recent recognition of the importance of Open Government Data(OGD) is significant.

Opening up government data is fundamentally about more efficient use of resources and improving service delivery.

However, OGD has limited value if it involving stakeholders and focusing on developing sustainable ecosystems of users.

Much more work also needs to be done in measuring and understanding the return on investment of OGD.

15주차(1)

Data has always been a strategic asset for any organization.

But its importance has exponentially grown in the last decade due to the enormous amount of data creation and advances in data collection.

However, developing countries have made much less headway;

Therefore, they need to increase awareness, provide sufficient capacities and assist public officials.

In all countries, governments should focus even more on starting, growing and sustaining, improving and raising awareness at higher decision making levels.

The amount of data that government agencies collect is likely to grow exponentially in the coming years.

Although open data provides many opportunities and capabilities for government agencies both within the public sector as well as with appropriate non-public stakeholders.

The 2014 survey found that while many countries use government website to share data, only 46 countries have dedicated data portals.

Most main fovernment sectors are making OGD available and these are in machine-readable format.

Apart from the provision of OGD, there is a need to develop appropriate policy, legal and institutional frameworks available and well known.

Since OGD initiatives require cooperation betwen various government agencies, strong political and top-level vision and management are essential.

In addition, issues concerning data quality related to authenticity, integrity, and re-use standards are data privact and protection against misuse.

Governments need to ensure an appropriate balance between the need for privacy on the one hand and openness on the other.

The resident registration number is in Korea only and other countries use a driver‘s license.

A post 2015 development agenda that is both unified in focus and univerlsal in form is emerging, taking poverty eradication and sustainable development.

Such an agenda would have major implications for the expected role of e-govrnment in supporting its implementation.

As shown throughout the 2014 survey, it is clear that e-government can contribute towards the post development agenda.

By strengthening national capabilities, enhancing govermnents‘ performance increasing efficency and promoting traspsarency.

Whole of fovernment approaches which can promote integrated and inclusive service delivery.

The application of ICT in government provides opportunities for multi stakeholder engagement by strengthening collaboration mechanisms.

Capitalist society is absolutely favorable to capitalists.

All this information development is done through computers.

The effective approaches and modalities as well as the comparative advantage of the whole-of-government.

The application of ICT in government provides opportunities for multi-stakeholder engagement by strengthening collaboration mechanisms.

It allows for broader participation in national and local policymaking.