행정정보체계론 출석 및 과제점검표(재택수업 스스로 점검하기)

학과: 행정학과

학번: 22005503

주(날짜)	출석(당일)	지각(해당주)	결석(그 이후)	과제	비고
1주차(1)	○				방학기간(삼일절)
1주차(2)	○				수강정정기간
2주차(1)	○				수강정정기간
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3주차(2)	○				코로나19 확진으로 인한 재택수업(LMS)
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8주차 중간고사
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15주차 기말고사
과제1				2022.04.17.
과제2				2022.06.20.
계	26			2

이름: 이혜인

강의 요약 정리

1주차(1) * 방학기간(삼일절)

1주차(2)

I didn't summarize the first week's lecture because the professor said I didn't have to summarize it.

2주차(1)

The professor did not summarize the contents of the lecture because he said it was not necessary to summarize the first lecture of the second week.

2주차(2)

Why do you go to school and study? Korean students are busy memorizing the contents of the class and taking the test. But they don't remember the contents of the class for a long time. Therefore, we need to take classes like watching interesting movies, and we should not only take classes with our ears, but with our eyes. And since creativity is important in future studies, it is important to make use of and expand one's personality.

3주차(1)

Making good use of computers is like making up for the lack of brain. But computers never do what humans don't ask them to do. Therefore, we need to study to instruct computers in writing or words. Just as industrialization has caused many changes, informatization will also cause many changes. These human changes always require a new paradigm. Also, it is not an era of getting a job, but an era of starting a business. Therefore, we need to exercise individual creativity without being bound by textbooks.

3주차(2)

Humans, tools, and industries have changed rapidly. Since the combination of information and communication technology and industry, Internet banking and telemedicine have been born. Currently, the subscription economy, which pays as much as it uses, is drawing attention with a particularly high growth trend these days. The most representative subscription economy is Netflix, and the scope of the subscription economy is expected to widen in the future. The core of the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is that AI converges with humans. Therefore, a new workplace will be created that places importance on moving AI well.

4주차(1)

All programs are developed in the direction of human convenience. For example, a program that automatically translates what you want to translate into a translator will be developed in the near future. However, converting a language using a program that translates every time is not a study. It's nothing but labor. Therefore, it is necessary to act for study, not for labor. And it is necessary to know the public information system from a practical point of view. Most people use the public information system but have no knowledge of the public information system. Therefore, it is necessary to know how the public information system is built, in what way it is done, and why the public information system is needed.

4주차(2)

What is a public information system? The public information system refers to an information system that can be used for public purposes. It is designed for the general public rather than experts in a specific field. Therefore, information can be shared and searched, but information cannot be processed. In particular, public information systems that are widely used in the administrative field can be analyzed in various ways in terms of users, uses, data content, and technical, organizational, and legal aspects. Over the past decade, these technologies have been provided for public purposes, even if commercially available. However, as personal computer utilization expands, these technologies could be used not only for citizens and society as a whole, but also for personal vision and business over the next decade.

5주차(1)

In the past, only people studied. Today, however, AI and people study together. This means that the day has come when robots can replace the studies we have done so far. Robots are already studying repeatedly with manuals. So what do people study? People study how to instruct AI or what AI can never do. For example, AI cannot create or pioneer something on its own. Therefore, people do the work of creating and pioneering something. In addition, repeated actions of extinguishing a fire at a fire site can be replaced by robots, but it is done by humans to instruct them. Europe has already used the word "pioneer" instead of the word "Study." Each person has a different personality. Studying leads everyone in one direction and makes it impossible to bring out their individuality. But creation allows everyone to go in different directions. Therefore, we must continue to create and create a direction that utilizes individual individuality.

5주차(2)

We can know the number of people through the big data geographic information system. However, it is not known exactly ‘where‘ the population occurs. For this reason, we cannot conduct an accurate review and the responsibility is unclear. Therefore, we need to accurately understand ‘where‘ the population occurs. If this becomes possible, it will be possible to grasp the population change in a specific area. One of the ways to solve this problem is to use AI. These basic framework changes will create a future society. The AI field will grow in the future, which will be more closely related to the employment problem of students. However, despite the changing times, students cannot even create their own homepages. As the AI field grows, students also need to find new jobs related to the AI field. Representative success stories related to this include Coupang and Amazon. Of course, it is also important to study with textbooks. However, when studying through textbooks, it is necessary to understand the overall flow accurately and study real, not labor.

6주차(1)

We need to know ‘where‘ it is in terms of geography, why it is there, and why we need to care about it. And this can be seen through the geographic information system. The geographic information system is a transfer of all the spaces we live in to electronic maps. Representative geographic information systems include Naver Maps, Google Maps, and Kakao Maps. These systems express the exact location through coordinates, which can be said to be geographic data after all. Specifically, it refers to location data that tells you how close it is to your location, and a vast amount of data that covers from a specific region to a country. More than 80% of the data we encounter contains spatial elements. Data from the soil, data from the water, data from the sky, data from the ground, etc. all contain spatial elements. And it can be said that big data is a combination of both geographic and underground information. In other words, each soil, water, sky, and underground data that has been collected and combined for a long time is once again combined to create vast data. It is nonsense to say the administrative information system without knowing such a geographic information system.

6주차(2)

There are so many types of information such as topographic space information, location data, and characteristic data. Here, the location data refers to information indicating a point or line position on an image or a map as plane positions (x, y coordinates) and vertical positions (z coordinates). Location data are specifically divided into relative location data representing relative location and absolute location data representing accurate location by latitude and longitude. Characteristic data are also divided into graphic data, video data, and attribute data, of which graphic data refers to a numerical description of a map shape or a specific map element of the map, and consists of six graphic elements to explain the shape and annotation of the map. In Korea, statistical information is managed by the Ministry of Public Administration and Security, and video data is managed by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport However, as these different departments manage it, there is a lack of various communication about the data. For this reason, the technology to check satellite images, geographic information systems, and statistical information at a glance is quite insufficient. This part needs to be changed as each data of all information plays a very important role.

7주차(1)

Paradigm is, after all, the landscape of society. For example, 'the earth is flat' and 'the universe moves' can also be said to be one of many paradigms. Humanity has reached the information society after the agricultural era. In addition, unlike in the past, when agriculture was centered, big data and artificial intelligence were centered in the current era of the 4th industrial revolution. As the times have changed, technology has also developed very much. A representative example is that in the past, time and space were limited in all human development, but now there are no time and space restrictions. In addition, due to technological advancement, what I thought can be realized as a reality. In this respect, it is no exaggeration to say that mankind has already reached the level of God in terms of technology. Unfortunately, however, even though big data and artificial intelligence have become the central technologies, not much progress has been made in Korea yet. Therefore, it is believed that greater development should be made in relation to big data technology in the future. In addition to big data and artificial intelligence, there are many new technologies that have emerged in line with the era of the 4th industrial revolution, and a representative example is the "subscription economy." The subscription economy is a trend that has recently emerged as paying only for what I have used.

7주차(2)

The new lecture didn't come up, so I reviewed what I learned last time.

8주차 중간고사

9주차(1)

Most tests are usually based on memorization and comprehension. However, the real purpose of education is not to simply speak and write, but to write various opinions of individuals based on logical validity. In other words, simply memorizing the contents of the class and writing the correct answer cannot be regarded as the real purpose of education. In particular, there is no fixed answer in the field of social science. But in our country, we are too used to simply memorizing and taking tests. Most of the tests, from the CSAT preparing for college entrance as a student to the civil service exam preparing for employment, are focused on simple memorization and finding answers. The test should be a time to express your opinions with conviction. The reason why students are stressed out about exams now is because of their attitude to write only the correct answers. Students can get out of the stress related to the test when they can express their various opinions to their heart's content through a system called the test.

The tendency to not tolerate trial and error is also one of the problems of education in Korea. Because of this, students hesitate to answer or refuse to answer questions because they are afraid of giving the wrong answer. But why sit in a classroom if you can only say the answer without going through trial and error? Trial and error itself is study, and study without trial and error cannot be called study. From this point of view, education in our society needs to be changed as actively as rapidly changing social and technical systems.

9주차(2)

It can be said that e-government is beneficial in that it facilitates access to public information, improves interactions in the public sector, and promotes citizens' trust in the government. However, clear limitations are revealed in that it lacks ICT infrastructure and technology, has problems of personal information and privacy leakage, and is resistant to change. Entering the e-government era, many things have also changed both internally and externally, with the most representative examples of increasing government transparency and improving citizens' access to government information. Currently, mankind has reached the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution through the first, second, and third industrial revolutions. The era of the 4th Industrial Revolution differs from the era of the 3rd Industrial Revolution in that it achieves exponential innovation by connecting all the things created in the era of the 3rd Industrial Revolution. For example, self-control, personalization, and smart production created in the era of the 3rd industrial revolution go through big data and the Internet as they move into the era of the 4th industrial revolution and eventually lead to one. Technologies representing the 4th Industrial Revolution include big data, the Internet of Things, augmented reality, artificial intelligence, and blockchain. Among them, blockchain is currently represented by personal homepages and YouTube, and the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence are represented by robots. In this 4th industrial revolution, the e-government will move toward integrating all big data, the Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence.

10주차(1)

We have experience of paying a price for not following the industrialization craze in the past. Now is the time to follow and move ahead with the current digital revolution based on that experience. Through the time from the Donghak Peasant Movement to the globalization of K-pop idols, we have learned that we have the qualities and abilities to lead the world at any time. However, for this, it is necessary to study a large amount in the direction of maximizing each person's individuality and ability. And older generations should lead students in this direction. This is the responsibility and responsibility of the older generation. Currently, many schools focus only on knowledge-oriented education and uate it to give points. However, now, you should not only put knowledge in your head, but also take out and use the knowledge that you have.

'Reengineering' refers to essentially rethinking and fundamentally redesigning core business processes for dramatic improvements in business processes such as quality, cost, service, and speed, in other words, 'BPR'. Key elements of BPR include processes, changes, and redics, and key contents include the use of ICT, fundamental and radical changes, organizational restructuring, process and goal orientation. BPR has a close relationship with the aforementioned ICT. The relationship between the two is achieved through a circulation process in which BPR appropriately utilizes ICT and ICT maximizes the effectiveness of BPR again. BPR has goals such as enhancing customer value and reducing costs for successful achievement and utility of organizational vision and goals. In addition, BPR is necessary in terms of securing organizational competitiveness and seeking new opportunities.

10주차(2)

Any program has its pros and cons. Therefore, students should have the ability to redesign the program in the most desirable direction. However, most students do not have that ability and study only with textbooks. Therefore, it is almost difficult to start a business.

The term "business function linkage model" means a kind of reference model for smooth joint use and collaboration of information when implementing clear relationships between ministry functions and information service-related tasks. It supports the electronic processing of function classification of government affairs and establishes and operates an information system for joint use of linked information. This has the advantage of being able to efficiently grasp the work and performance process and providing a practical blueprint for the promotion of next-generation electronic local governments. However, there is a disadvantage that it is difficult to grasp the overall work process because it focuses on the organization's unit work.

The term 'business process management' refers to the focus on continuous improvement of processes from a cross-functional perspective to restructure tasks, and is also called 'BPM'. There are a total of 10 stages of implementation, such as a clear understanding of BPM, deriving a vision, and establishing a basic strategy for BPM implementation, but they are not always carried out step by step.

The term "informatization strategy plan" refers to systematic and intentional preparation activities to bring about unique advantages that are discriminated through informationization, and is also called "ISP." It is used for the purpose of defining a systematic and overall strategy for the use and management of information.

11주차(1)

The term "electronic citizen participation" means the participation of citizens in government activities such as policy setting or administration. In other words, citizens have the status of participants in government activities. But the citizen is actually in the position of sovereign. This means that citizens are entitled to take the initiative in government activities. According to this, the definition of electronic citizen participation can be said to be wrong, and citizens, who are sovereign, should lead government activities and actively support public officials. The existing definition of electronic citizen participation can be said to be similar to that of students who should be in a leading position in class, in the position of participants. However, it is worth noting that the "leading student" does not mean a student who does what he or she wants to do in class, and the "leading citizen" does not mean a citizen who wields government activities at will.

Sometimes citizen participation appears in a combination of administrative and political participation. Various civic participation, such as citizens' sovereignty and rights, and citizens' choices, can realize local autonomy and democracy. However, that does not mean that local autonomy and democracy cannot be higher than citizens' sovereignty and rights. The fact that citizens are not the final beneficiaries of any government activity is similar to that students are the intermediate beneficiaries, not the final beneficiaries of education.

Citizen participation also appears in e-government. In e-government, citizen participation is conducted in various ways, such as bystander, individual, network, and proxy, and causes phenomena such as efficiency and efficiency, customer orientation, and democracy (responsiveness) and transparency. And this phenomenon has a great influence on completing the advanced electronic government as a result.

11주차(2)

The type and method of electronic citizen participation can be confirmed by a cyber participation model according to the degree of professionalism and politics of administration. The participation model is divided into a total of four types, including an electronic management model, an electronic bureaucratic model, an electronic citizen participation model, and an electronic agent model, based on the strength of administrative work expertise and the importance of political judgment. In addition, the types of electronic citizen participation are classified into a total of three categories: policy decision, information provision, and consultation. In addition to the three mentioned above, electronic participation is various, including campaigns, campaigns, discourse, and arbitration, and these days, everything is simultaneously done through the Internet, making it very difficult to distinguish areas due to unclear boundaries. The tools of electronic participation can be divided into core tools and general tools. Key tools include bulletin boards, electronic panels, and electronic petitions, while general tools include web portals, search tools, and online newsletters. Beyond knowing these electronic participation tools, we need to be able to handle them directly and practically, and this ability is very important. Common prior factors for electronic citizen participation include preparation of electronic citizen participation methods and practice tools, introduction of new ICT, and citizens' ability to utilize practical technologies. Among them, the most important thing is citizens' ability to utilize practical technology. Electronic citizen participation should basically be based on the trust of the government. Electronic citizen participation has various motivational and obstacle factors. Motivators include expectations of opinion adoption, anonymity processing of opinions, and increased user accessibility, and obstacles include lack of budget, lack of technical officials, lack of software solutions designed to support electronic participation, and remaining analog recognition.

12주차(1)

The term "ICT" stands for information and communication technology and refers to a technology that supports access and distribution of information based on communication technology. Currently, information and communication technology itself is not legally defined in Korea, but similarly, information and communication is defined as an activity and means to promote the collection, processing, reception, storage, and utilization of information. In recent years, there are cases ‘where‘ all media in which digital information is distributed are broadly defined as ICT.

Typical ICTs include the Internet, wireless networks, and smartphones. Artificial intelligence, blockchain, and IoT, which have recently been attracting attention as new technologies, are also advanced ICT in that they are close to the Internet and data. IoT, which collects data in real time by introducing computing technology to general objects, or cloud computing, which integrates data collected from digital devices, also shows the progress of ICT. The range of Internet-based information utilization technologies is expected to continue to expand.

Currently, various intelligent information technologies are introduced in CCTVs, automobiles, and home appliances. In the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution, new values are created by promoting the convergence of intelligent information technologies such as 3D printing, biotechnology, and nanotechnology. The government also intends to promote the advancement of public institution services through ICT-based public service promotion projects every year. At the same time, it is aiming for additional effects such as creating demand for new technologies and reviewing technology stability. The main technologies of such ICT-based public service promotion projects are the Internet of Things, big data, and robots. Such technologies are used in artificial intelligence, blockchain, and mixed reality. Among them, artificial intelligence is practically serviced in fields such as medical care, defense, safety, energy, and welfare through processing processes such as combining and transforming data obtained through IoT.

12주차(2)

The public domain is translated into various English expressions such as public sphere, public domain, and public sector. Among them, public space is an expression commonly used in the field of social science, and refers to a place of public debate ‘where‘ autonomous and reasonable arguments are held. The public domain is an expression mainly used in the IT field, meaning information that anyone can copy or modify freely and can use for any method or purpose. The public sector means the public sector. Specifically, it refers to an institution operated for public interest with financial support from the government, including public enterprises, quasi-governmental enterprises, and other public institutions. In addition, public institutions that have received financial support from the government provide public services such as education, public administration, transportation facilities, security, and welfare to the people. For this reason, public services include goods and services supplied by the government and production by public institutions, as well as goods and services produced directly by the government for the improvement of citizens' quality of life and public interest. The scope of public services is very wide. Even if divided largely by industrial areas, it is very diverse, such as water supply, construction, defense, education, health, and public administration. Detailed services provided in each area are much more diverse. In the case of disaster and safety, there are emergency rescue systems and disaster situation transmission systems, and in the case of environment and weather, there are air pollution measurement and management systems, and edible water production systems. In addition, in the case of public administration, there are civil petitions 24 and passport issuance systems, and in the case of security and crime, there are local government CCTV control systems and missing person prevention systems. In addition, various public services are provided in security, defense, energy, transportation, and health care. Usually, it is most common to work in the public sector by securing the ability related to the public domain. In other words, it is to work in the public sector with the ability related to the IT field. Therefore, students need to acquire skills related to the IT field. Even if you don't have skills, you should have minimal knowledge.

13주차(1)

The era of community-specific services has arrived in earnest. A typical example is the analysis of demand for community-specific resident life support services and case study services. Korea has been actively preparing for the e-government era since 2010 to the extent that it has ranked first in the world in the U.N. e-government uation. As a result, the utilization rate of e-government services has also increased rapidly, and 30 million people are currently using it. However, the provision of consumer-centered services is insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to take an active approach to resident life services suitable for national life and local situations. In addition, it is necessary to more clearly establish the existing concept of regional informatization. To this end, regional informatization should be analyzed by dividing it into the subject, goal, target, and strategy of promotion. For example, when the promotion goal is to strengthen the competitiveness of local governments, the promotion strategy is to redesign the work of the integrated process, and when the promotion goal is to improve the quality of life of local residents, the promotion strategy is to develop safe and convenient services. Since the current concept of regional informatization does not have this distinction, it is difficult to clearly divide roles between the promoters and to derive practical promotion strategies.

The resident life support service aims to establish a consumer-centered service system so that services can be fully delivered to service users without duplication or omission. Accordingly, various public-private consultative bodies are currently being formed and operated through the establishment of a step-by-step network. There are four main factors that change regional informatization and regional services. First, the problem of approach, second, the flow of innovation and the expansion of civic participation, third, regime change, and finally, the platformization of applications. Recently, the government 3.0 environment, or smart society, has proposed strategies such as joint use of infrastructure among local governments, creation of customized services through the use of new information technology, implementation of scientific local administration using big data, strengthening governance by private participation, and satisfying residents' right to know.

13주차(2)

COVID-19 is currently providing us with an unprecedented experience. It called for an attempt from a new perspective to solve urban problems and increased the need for systematic response using collective intelligence. It also caused lifestyle changes such as the crisis of public transportation, contraction of the sharing economy, and expansion of non-face-to-face classes and work, which reduced demand for traditional office spaces and restaurants and required new standards for operating facilities. In the current COVID-19 era and the post-COVID-19 era in the future, more changes will occur in urban society and space. And the policy tasks will also change in greater variety. For example, urban planning considerations for basic living areas will be strengthened and public transportation quarantine services will be strengthened to enable the purchase of daily necessities within walking areas.

The economic and social crisis caused by COVID-19 is spreading around the world, and its impact is changing the overall way of life. Accordingly, the need to overcome national crises and fears with the power of collective intelligence and seek solutions suitable for the situation emerged. And for this, you need to be able to read the flow of change. Representatively, there is a crisis in public transportation and tourism and lodging industries. Public transportation is experiencing a crisis in the industry and transportation difficulties as it undergoes a change in its usage method due to COVID-19. The number of road, rail, and air passengers decreased sharply as human and material movement and exchange were restricted in various spaces. In particular, international flights are severely damaged. The tourism and lodging industry also saw its demand decrease. Accommodation sharing companies are also in a difficult situation due to increased resistance to sharing one facility with many people.

On the other hand, there are constant concerns about the non-face-to-face method. For example, in the case of non-face-to-face resident participation, the method of collecting public opinion due to non-face-to-face progress has expanded, but the concentration is lower than offline, showing limitations as a means of communication. In addition, there is a problem that the field of communication may be reduced for those who are not familiar with the way they participate online and are less prepared for it. In the future, urban policy should focus on sustainable and balanced development while improving the aforementioned problems.

14주차(1)

The overall population structure of Korea is a jar type, and the occupational structure is a typical longitudinal type. The floor layer is very wide, but there are few intermediate management layers. Also, even the wide floor is filled with foreign workers and elderly people, and there are very few young people. Our country has focused on urbanization for the past 200 years. Excessive urbanization concentration has led to a relative decline in rural areas with rapid development. The decline of rural areas progressed faster as social phenomena such as population extinction, regional extinction, low birth rate, and aging emerged. Currently, Korea has a structure in which everything is swept into the metropolitan area. In most cases, all asset values are concentrated in Seoul, and accordingly, the demand for housing from the people is also flocking to Seoul. However, such high-density development centered on large cities has already reached its limit, and imbalances have intensified in most areas such as region, income level, age, and gender. In order to correct the tilted seesaw of the country, it is necessary to carry out a project to guarantee basic income, basic housing, and basic farmland in farming and fishing villages. It is also necessary to implement a national development strategy to develop industries, regions, and transportation in the southern region. In terms of education, a new phase must also be taken. Professors should move away from lecturing and students listening to lectures and change to a way in which students participate in lectures themselves and professors provide quality lecture materials.

Big data refers to information composed of vast amounts of data from computers or mobile devices that we use every day. In general, big data exceeds the capacity of existing data that collects, manages, and processes data. It can also be created in all objects and places around the world that can be monitored digitally. These big data are sometimes used for public purposes of the state. In the case of Korea, it has been used to produce satellite images at the Satellite Center of the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport to produce land information platforms. It was also used by the Statistics Office of the Ministry of Strategy and Finance to calculate statistics by subject. Big data in different fields sometimes fuse together to build new data. An example is the automatic prediction system built through convergence with the analysis system (QGIS). In the future, big data is expected to go further than now and build customized services based on metaverse.

14주차(2)

The term "subscription economy" means that an individual uses the necessary goods for a certain period of time and then pays only the amount of money he uses the goods. The subscription economy began to attract attention as the importance of data stood out in the era of the fourth industrial revolution. The subscription economy has now begun to be used to consume content and data, away from simply consuming things. Typical examples are watching various dramas or movies at a certain price on Netflix and using personal data by the government, public institutions, and companies. However, governments, public institutions, and companies are not paying for their personal data. Is this really a fair thing to do? Governments, public institutions and businesses need to pay individuals a subscription fee for using personal information. From the standpoint of an individual who provides his or her information, it requires a fair price for his or her personal information that has been used without permission by the government, public institutions, and companies. In a word, it can be called a 'reverse subscription economy'. Such a reverse subscription economy is practically difficult to use in all fields immediately. This is because in order for the reverse subscription economy to be universally activated, a "reverse subscription start-up system" must be established that guarantees monthly income from the central or local governments in return for providing personal information to the government, public institutions and companies. In addition, the preparation of such a system should be based on a sufficient policy budget, and it will never be easy because the number of cases in this regard should be considered. However, the preparation of the reverse subscription start-up system will have a great influence on Korea's leap forward. Therefore, the reverse subscription start-up system must be realized even if the process of preparing the system is difficult.

15주차 기말고사