행정정보체계론 출석 및 과제점검표(재택수업 스스로 점검하기)

학과: 행정학과

학번: 21307529

주(날짜)	출석(당일)	지각(해당주)	결석(그이후)	과제	비고
1주차(1)	○				수강정정기간
1주차(2)	○				수강정정기간
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7주차(1)	○				과제 대체
7주차(2)	○				과제 대체
8주차	중간고사
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15주차	기말고사
과제1	○			20/05/11
과제2	○			20/06/28
계	27	1	0

이름: 안 효 진

강의요약정리

1주차(1)

In the Middle Ages, Oriental studies developed mainly in the humanities, while Western studies developed around the science. So how will future learning change? Future learning is brain training for better results in the information society and will require convergence with integrated capabilities rather than experts in one field. How should we study in this society? Unlike animals that do only minimal learning for survival, humans learn for development. Most disasters stem from human learning. So it is most important to have humanity before you study.

1주차(2)

Student‘s Basic Posture

The first thing you have to do as a student is to have a healthy body, and the second is to learn at least 8 hours a day.

Differences in the speed of information delivery by each society

The agricultural society is very slow in production and makes minimal effort to survive. So it is very slow because people have to pass information while walking. In the industrial society, as transportation methods such as ports, railroads, and airplanes developed, the speed of information transmission increased dramatically compared to the agricultural society, but on the contrary, the use of fossil energy caused environmental pollution. So, a new paradigm was needed to solve this. So, it was the information society that came into being. This society is an era in which various social paradigms are changing due to the development of the Internet and computers, the limitations on information transmission have disappeared, and new knowledge information and jobs have been created. In such a society, students must acquire various knowledge using the Internet and clearly understand the information society.

2주차(1)

The transition from an agricultural society to an industrial society has brought about a great change in human civilization, and has made humans enjoy abundance by enabling mass production, mass distribution, and consumption in a short time. However, these economic activities made human beings too obsessed with economic activities and nature as the object of conquest, destroying the environment. Therefore, a new paradigm is needed in which human economic activity and environmental conservation can coexist, and in this situation, an information society that replaces the industrial society has emerged. This information society is a society in which information-related industries and activities are the main pillars of economic and social activities due to the development of computers and the development of information and communication technologies. Also, it is not a simple production of goods like an industrial society, but an era of informatizing knowledge, converting organizational structures into horizontal rather than vertical, and integrating the world into a single network.

2주차(2)

Human beings developed into the agricultural and industrial era, starting with the upright walking and hunting life in the distant past, and now into the digital industry era in the 21st century. The digital era has opened up great possibilities for mankind and brought many conveniences to human life.

(Ex. Internet banking, Online market, Telemedicine, Drone Transportation, Ai)

This digital era is called the 4th Industrial Revolution in the Davos Forum. Compared to the 1st and 2nd and 3rd industrial revolutions, the characteristics of the 4th industrial revolution are that people and objects are spatially transcended and connected to one to bring about innovation in the industrial structure. The representative technologies of this 4th industry are aI, robot, IoT, big data, VR, AR, etc. In addition, the 4th Industrial Revolution can work and study anytime, any‘where‘ using a given digital environment. In addition,  it has the advantage of being widely used in various fields such as manufacturing, leisure and healthcare. However, this rapidly advanced science and technology has the disadvantages of intensifying inequality and imbalance among countries, increasing social anxiety, and reducing human jobs by robots and AI replacing human jobs.

3주차(1)

The concept of information continues to change as the society develops and the information society advances. Basic characteristics of information - Information is non-consumable. Information does not go away even when used. And the information can be copied, and the more it is accumulated in the DB, the higher the value or utility. Also, once the information is generated, it does not change and can be used continuously. However, the generated information must be updated continuously as the value decreases over time. Since the system is a collection of elements that are connected organically and the problems that arise as the society becomes complex must be identified and solved by the system, a systematic approach to the information society is very important. The information society that is closely connected with information and systems like this did not suddenly appear at any moment. Starting with a vacuum tube computer in the 1950s, today‘s information age was created based on semiconductor production and network construction. In the information age of the near future, all information will be digitalized by applying smart technology to all fields of society.

3주차(2)

The city grows into a city that fits the characteristics of each era under the influence of the major industries of the era. The future high-tech intelligent city is called u-City. u-city is an intelligent future city information and communication infrastructure and ubiquitous services are integrated into the city. In addition, its purpose is to provide various urban services such as labor, education, transportation, and environment in an intelligent form by utilizing u-IT and to provide convenience to the lives of urban residents. This u-city will change the overall living environment of the city and improve it in a better way than it is today. In addition, by dispersing the urban space to the outskirts of the city, several small towns appear around it, realizing the balanced development of the region. In order to build u-city, high-level expertise combining information and construction technology is required, and it must be developed in a more human-centered direction. In order to realize this, detailed review of the plan, prior research, systematic maintenance and supplementation of systems and regulations, and training of u-city experts are required.

4주차(1)

The public information system is an information system open to all for use by the general public and is divided into three types.

first. Information packaging system that provides minimal sharing,

second. Information retri system that provides data sharing but not processes

third. Information processing system that provides maximum sharing

The purpose of this public information system is to provide a kind of service to processes related to the general public or large-scale society. Public information systems are defined by organizations belonging to the public sector, and personal information systems are different from public information systems in that they belong to the private sector and are used by private companies to pursue profits. This system helps solve difficult problems in the organization by taking on various tasks such as police work, medical care, social work, updating and maintaining DB and archive. However, the problem with public information systems is that there is a risk of personal information and security, and it makes them depend on systems that utilize digitized information. currently, the public automated information processing system is still in its infancy, and the infrastructure for terminals, ports, and communication systems must be provided through public investment in order to commercialize these technologies.

4주차(2)

After the past agricultural and industrial revolutions, the information age of the digital revolution, the third revolution, is approaching. The information society has made various changes to human life. With the advent of e-commerce using the Internet, the proportion of online economic activities has increased significantly, and the paradigm of the industry has changed as the information-related industry has emerged as a leading industry. The development of this information society has led to the emergence of new lifestyles and new socio-economic activities, creating the era of global citizenship that connects the world to one through the Internet. For this reason, it has emerged as an important issue to advance the economic structure through informatization in order to respond to the rapidly changing international economic situation and adapt to the digital economy. So, in the past, the government has invested in the construction of social infrastructure facilities such as roads, ports, and railroads, and these days, it has focused on building high-speed information networks, building software development facilities, and nurturing information and communication technology talent.

5주차(1)

Public information systems support tasks and processes in which different types of actors are involved in different roles. Data generated by properly designing public information systems can be reused in other processes, improving the efficiency and quality of those processes. Directive data is not required for the functionality of the supported process in the absolute sense, but directive or analytical data is valuable for the efficiency of the process and the quality of the results. (Statistical data is often used in decision making.)

Metadata is information that follows data to analyze and classify structured information and add additional information. That is, it is data related to data and manages information constituting such data. Archival data is more important in future systems than current systems and should reflect actual, publicly supported processes when properly collected. The public information system should mainly include data necessary to perform the business of the system, rule-based information and metadata related to the case to be managed. Thanks to modern Internet-based technology, many public information systems and their products are provided free to users. (Excluding the initial investment, other additional costs are close to zero, and the cost of making copies is also close to zero.)

However, at present, government agencies consist of a structure called STOVEPIPES OR SILOS, making it difficult to create a user-friendly and efficient process. So, we need to introduce a new solution called network structure. In addition, to develop a quality public relations system, much attention must be paid to organizational issues.

5주차(2)

The social paradigm changed from the first revolution (from hunting to farming) and the second revolution (from agricultural society to industrial society) to the third revolution. The Third Revolution is a knowledge management society that effectively creates and manages knowledge using computers by overcoming the limitations of time and space.

Characteristics of information -> The more information is accumulated, the higher the value, and it does not disappear even when used. In addition, information is gradually depreciated over time, so it is constantly updated. And it acts both as producer and consumer. However, as information is easily copied, the problems of piracy and ownership frequently occur, and it also has the disadvantage of causing social inequality. The information society has changed the spatial structure of the city by realizing a three-dimensional geographic information system and three-dimensional virtual reality. As the era of internationalization, information age and consumer-centered society entered, the need for customized three-dimensional education has increased. We have to make various attempts, such as getting personalized education and creating personal homepages to meet the needs of this era change

6주차(1)

GIS is geographic information system. A geographic information system is a combination of computer hardware, software, geographic data, and human resources designed to effectively collect, store, update, tune, analyze, and present any type of geospatial reference information. It is widely used in land information management, facility management, transportation, urban planning and management, environment, agriculture, disasters and disasters. In addition, GIS integrates and manages location data, spatial data, and attribute data for objects with geographical location, and provides various types of information such as maps, charts, and figures.

(Various uses of GIS)

Emergency Services – Fire & Police

Environmental – Monitoring & Modeling

Business – Site Location, Delivery Systems

Industry – Transportation, Communication, Mining, Pipelines, Healthcare

Government – Local, State, Federal, Military

Education – Research, Teaching Tool, Administration

GPS, static maps and software packages are not GIS.

6주차(2)

GIS is divided into location data and characteristic data. The location data is information indicating the location of a point or line on an image or a map using x, y and z coordinates, and is divided into relative location data and absolute location data. And characteristic data is divided into figure data, video data, and attribute data. The graphic data consists of six graphic elements, and consists of vector data (used in the CAD field using geometric elements and meta data) and raster data (used for image processing using aerial photographs and images). The image data is entered by numerically inputting the image information obtained through a satellite or an aircraft, and the attribute data is data representing the characteristics, quality, relationship and topographical location of the map shape.

Characteristic of vector data: It expresses spatial data with points, lines, and faces. The position is recorded in X and y coordinates, and the object has size and direction. It is easy to update and maintain data, and data creation is complicated and difficult.

Advantages and Disadvantages of vector data: High resolution can be expressed, high accuracy and small storage space. However, it requires complex and high-level technology and is expensive to build.

Characteristics of raster data: It stores and manages data in cell or pixel units, and it is difficult to update data, has a large amount, and has a structure similar to photographs.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Raster Data: Simple structure, easy analysis, and easy data acquisition. However, the spatial accuracy is low, the resolution is low, and the data capacity is large. Topology is a study that shows the relationship between shape and position regardless of quantity or size in terms of points, lines, faces, and locations in space.

7주차(1) - 전반부 총 정리 및 과제 설명

7주차(2) - 전반부 총 정리 및 과제 설명

9주차(1)

In the future, the nature of jobs will be different and the types of jobs will become more and more diverse. This is because many jobs have expanded as the society of agriculture, industry, and information society continues to change. The logic that can be discovered as the times change is that society has changed more efficiently every time it changes. With the development of information and communication technology, the function and role of the government changed as the information society, knowledge information society, and smart society emerged. The backgrounds that led to the emergence of e-government were technological development, management revolution, and government innovation. This has transformed the paradigm of public service delivery. Compared to the traditional bureaucratic method of using rules, orders and documents in the vertical structure.

The e-government paradigm is flexible and enables electronic exchange using horizontal and multi-directional networks. ICT has changed administrative demands, brought about qualitative changes in citizens‘ administrative demands, created new social problems, etc. It has had various effects on administration. In the future, the demand for human education (personality education) will increase explosively as much as technology and knowledge education.

9주차(2)

The 4th Industrial Revolution is hard to feel changing because it is invisible. However, in every field of society, politics, economy and administration, tremendous information is generated and changing every day.

E-government improves process efficiency within the government, increases government transparency, improves citizens‘ access to the government, Enhancing cooperation between institutions and integrating government-citizen relations vertically and horizontally, it had a great influence on the inside and outside of the government. The advantages of e-government include increasing trust in the government, creating various social services and providing e-democracy, promoting innovation, increasing transparency and accountability, and improving public services. However, there are still limitations such as the lack of ICT infrastructure, the problem of personal information leakage and data protection, the lack of collaboration between ministries, and the resistance to information gap and change.

Every change has a bigger impact on the socially disadvantaged. (Ex. Poverty, the elderly, and the disabled) So, the support for these parts is neglected, so the role of government agencies such as public institutions becomes important.

The characteristic of the 4th Industrial Revolution is that the real world, digital world, and virtual world are integrated into one, and is represented by various advanced technologies such as 3D printing, artificial intelligence, big data, nanotechnology, bioinformatics, IOT, and drone. And thanks to the expansion and revitalization of connectivity and sharing due to this fourth industrial revolution, a creative and intelligent e-government could be born. However, in order to prevent loss of humanity due to rapid technological changes, education on human morality must be conducted in parallel.

10주차(1)

The Korean version of the New Deal policy focuses on building various digital infrastructures such as data collection, utilization foundation construction, 5G network upgrade, and expansion of AI infrastructure and fostering non-face-to-face industries. For this reason, if the national employment insurance system is implemented, education on human ethics and moral values should be conducted in parallel to prevent loss of human essence.

Redesigning a work process is essentially rethinking and fundamentally redesigning the core work process to achieve dramatic improvements in the work process. BPR is a fundamental redesign of the organization‘s business process, and restructuring the organization using ICT to secure organizational competitiveness. BPR is needed to find new opportunities through IT, change the administrative environment, and create customer-centered administration. The goal of BPR is to increase efficiency, increase customer value, and successfully achieve organizational goals. And as ICT and BPR continue to interact, organizations can be restructured and processes can meet new changes to provide improved customer service.

With the introduction of IT, organizations have improved efficiency, strengthened accountability, and changed the way they make decisions. Successful implementation of the BPR in the public sector requires the attention and support of the top management, communication and feedback from the members, and the maintenance of relevant laws and regulations and securing of finances.

10주차(2)

The BRM (Business Reference Model) is a reference model for clarifying the linkage between department functions and facilitating the joint use and collaboration of information and information and related work. BRM has the advantage of providing a horizontal cooperation system through information sharing, providing a foundation for public service, and providing a basis for continuous and efficient work processing efficiency, but lacks business process information and lacks reflection of dynamic business elements. And because it is a top-down information system, it is difficult to grasp the overall business process because it focuses only on the unit business of the organization. BPM (Business Process Management) is a technology innovation method that enables the integration of all business processes that cover both inside and outside the organization, and intelligently and automatically manages all process related tasks. In the public sector, the BPM priority application criteria are customer linkage <process effectiveness <investment efficiency <business integration usability <customer responsiveness, but it is not always applied in this order and may occur simultaneously or in the opposite direction.

The informatization strategy plan is a systematic preparation activity to bring the benefits of informatization and is a plan to increase organizational competitiveness by using the information system as a strategic resource and linking it with management and information systems. In order for the informatization strategy plan to be successful, continuous management of the top management is required, and IT systems must be spread and used within the organization, and technical understanding is required.

11주차(1)

Citizen participation is essential in the governance structure and is a means of realizing local autonomy and democracy, and is divided into administrative participation and political participation.

It can also create better policies, promote trust in the government and implement participatory democracy, resolve social conflicts, implement equity and enhance transparency in administration.

Electronic citizen participation is divided into online participation, internet participation, cyber participation, and electronic participation, and refers to the activities of citizens participating in political and policy-making processes using online and internet. In addition, it has the advantages of securing access to the government, overcoming the constraints of participation in space and time, and securing the speed and two-way of participation.

However, electronic civic participation is a prerequisite for the use of electronic tools, which creates digital gaps among citizens, reduces administrative freedom, and takes more time to coordinate and consult with more people than traditional civic participation methods.

E-government and citizen participation model

Observation type: This is an early stage type, and the government website provides information to the citizens unilaterally.

Individual type: The government homepage and citizens exchange information in both directions.

Network type: Not only the government homepage, but also citizens are connected to each other to exchange information.

Surrogate type: A form in which the government homepage is linked to the agency‘s website to provide information to citizens.

11주차(2)

The types of electronic citizen participation are divided into information provision, policymaking and consultation.

Electronic participation can be defined as whether users can benefit properly by using ICT effectively, and bulletin boards, virtual communities, electronic voting and electronic petitions are used as key tools. In order to activate electronic participation, a policy and institutional frame should be formed to establish a framework for electronic civic participation and introduce new ICT.

In addition, participation of e-citizens has anonymity for opinions, which protects privacy and can be participated by electronic devices, so it has the advantage of securing accessibility and convenience of users, but it still lacks budget, technology, and stability problems and solutions. It has the disadvantage of being insufficient.

In addition, electronic citizen participation has the advantage of securing access and convenience for users as it protects privacy and allows participation by electronic devices due to anonymity of opinions, but so far it lacks budget and technology, stability problems and solutions.

And since there is still an analog attitude that participation in electronic methods is cumbersome and time-consuming, the quality and safety of electronic services should be enhanced to encourage citizens to use and participate in e-government services, thereby enhancing the credibility of e-government and e-participation.

Examples of implementation of electronic citizen participation include ‘Democracy Seoul‘, ‘Suwon Manmin Square‘, etc. Here, citizens can feel free to propose policies and discuss various opinions on the website directly using the anonymity characteristic of electronic participation.

12주차(1)

ICT is a technology that supports access and distribution of information based on communication technology, and artificial intelligence, IOT, and cloud computing are advanced ICT in that they are closely connected to networks and data.

And artificial intelligence technology is a technology that implements human intellectual abilities using computers, and has the potential to be widely used in various industries such as finance, consumption, healthcare and transportation and security in the future.

Blockchain refers to a data chain connected and stored by encrypting information on transactions, contracts, etc., and now it is used as a simple means of payment such as Bitcoin because the market is not properly formed, but it will solve existing problems and develop into a general-purpose technology that applies to society as a whole.

Internet of Things (IoT) technology refers to a new communication environment that can be connected to anything anytime, any‘where‘, and is a technology that enables data exchange and interaction through a network by attaching sensors and computing technologies to objects. A typical example is a smart home system that can remotely control various things in the home, including lighting, heating and cooling devices.

Big data technology refers to a solution that rapidly processes digital data that has grown rapidly in the 21st century and is considered a key technology that leads the data economy. The introduction and utilization of such big data can increase the growth rate of the government‘s public sector and reduce costs and increase sales in the private sector, including companies.

The place where time and space constraints have been overcome exists closer to us than we think. It is our brain. This is because the brain is free to move time into the past and the future through thinking. So information and communication technology ultimately means visualizing the activities that can be done in our brains and using the ideas as reality.

12주차(2)

The public domain is translated into various terms such as public sphere, public domain, and public sector. The public sphere is a term used in the field of social science. It means a field of public discussion in which individuals argue autonomously and reasonably. The public domain is a term used in the IT field that anyone can freely copy, modify, and use for any purpose. Means Public sector means a public institution that is operated for public purposes with government financial support.

In addition, the public sector also refers to the field of public services provided for public purposes. This includes services provided by the government to the public with financial support such as taxes. The scope of government policies (education, administration, disaster and transportation, environment, security, welfare, etc.) affects not only public services but also services related to the satisfaction of life of various industries and individuals. This means that the improvement of the quality of service in the public sector can be synergistic with the private sector.

Public services covering the public and private sectors are included in various areas such as disaster safety, environmental weather, public administration, transportation, social welfare, and economic finance. In the field of disaster safety, there are emergency rescue systems to protect the safety of the people. In the field of environmental weather, there are air pollution management systems to protect the ecosystem and protect the lives of the people, civil complaints 24 providing public life convenience in the public administration sector, and artificial intelligence pedestrian notification systems in the transportation and transportation sector. In the social welfare field, various services such as multi-cultural family support services to guarantee the people‘s right to life and home taxes to support financial services in the economic and financial fields are provided to bring convenience to our lives.

13주차(1)

Korea is ranked No. 1 in the U.N. e-Government Assessment in preparation and participation index, but the government-led e-Government establishment calls for a consumer-centered approach due to insufficient provision of consumer-oriented services.

Government 3.0 is a new government-run paradigm that provides customized services to the people by actively sharing public information and facilitating communication between ministries. In the Government 3.0 environment, local information services serve to monitor and impose sanctions on those who violate order through disclosure and sharing. And the use of this to local governments increases participation because a lot of information is exchanged, resulting in increased transparency and trust.

The existing e-government service research lacked concrete details on how the service should be provided to the people in practice, and the concept of existing regional informationization was unclear and unlinked, making it difficult to derive specific detailed implementation goals and role-sharing difficult. In other words, the limitations were clear because there was no distinction between these concepts.

Communities imply both geographical and functional communities, and community welfare services are not centralized services but regional-oriented services. These community services are provided in the form of residents‘ life support service

The residents‘ life support service aims to establish a customized and integrated service delivery system centered on consumers, and the government is actively promoting it recently as the desire for welfare has become complicated and diversified, and private resources in the welfare sector have been increasing.

In addition, the change in the flow of innovation and the change in the regime are also cited as major factors for changes in local services.

13주차(2)

The corona19 has spread the economic and social crisis around the world and has changed the way urban people live. So, from a new perspective, attempts to solve urban problems are required, and the need to systematically respond by gathering the power of collective intelligence is increasing. To do this, it is necessary to use the current situation as an opportunity to create a safe city from national disasters, and to examine the overall administrative system from a new perspective and prepare countermeasures. In addition, it is necessary to predict the future trend and suggest various countermeasures, focusing on experts in the urban field.

changes due to corona19.

With the ban on movement and exchange in each country, the demand for roads, railways and aviation has dropped sharply, bringing a crisis to the industry. And the sharing economy was greatly reduced as the demand for tourism and lodging businesses decreased and the use of shared housing and shared mobility decreased. With public hearings, presentations and debates banned, traditional participatory decision-making methods have also become difficult to use. Non-contact discussion and public opinion collection methods, which had not been much noticed before, suddenly emerged due to corona 19, resulting in in inefficiency due to the lack of proper pre-education and policies on the method. As telecommuting expanded, the way of working changed, the demand for office space decreased, and the sales of restaurants and entertainment establishments decreased, which led to the increase of empty stores and the rapid growth of the delivery service. In addition, the expansion of the non-face-to-face consumption method accelerated the change in logistics distribution business, reducing demand for department stores and large discount stores, and increasing sales at local near-field convenience stores.

Urban Policy Promotion Tasks of the Corona 19 Era

The government should strengthen the role of the government by actively embracing the fourth industrial revolution, which is rapidly growing due to the corona 19, at the city level, and establish a smooth cooperation system between the central government and local governments. In addition, consideration for the underprivileged should be expanded in preparation for the deepening of economic and social polarization. In addition, the basic principles of space management and the standards for installation and operation of high-risk facilities should be newly established and digital citizen participation communication technologies should be developed.

14주차(1)

In the future, artificial intelligence and computers will be in charge of knowledge, and people will be in charge of wisdom and creativity.

So knowledge can be accumulated, but wisdom must be built up with one‘s own efforts.

In order for the Korean version of the New Deal to succeed and Korea to become a happy society, it must develop in a wise direction based on the tripod theory of Education New Deal and Digital New Deal + Green New Deal. In this situation, humanity of the community is needed to overcome Corona 19.

And it should develop into a smart country with the development of frank challenge and untact industry, which is a program  citizens directly provide ideas.

The logic of social development is to model one‘s imagination into mathematics and apply it to machines. So in the future, society will be divided into those who control artificial intelligence and those who are controlled by artificial intelligence. Such a society is difficult to develop into a wise and smart society, and it can only be developed into a proper society if the wisdom new Deal or human new Deal is applied properly.

In the future, the energy sector will return to an agricultural society that excludes fossil fuels and actively utilizes natural energy such as solar power, while the fourth industry will be advanced in the technology sector.

14주차(2)

The basic income system is a system that provides minimum living expenses to all members of society regardless of whether they have property or income, whether they are working or not, and their willingness to work.

This can be found in Thomas More‘s ideas in the 15th century, and many modern and contemporary thinkers presented similar concepts. And in modern times, when the era of the fourth industry has arrived, the trend of industrial automation has intensified due to the development of artificial intelligence, and as jobs have gradually decreased, it is becoming increasingly popular.

In the case of Korea, cash welfare was implemented by expanding the basic income from disasters caused by Corona 19 to nationals ahead of the 4.15 general election.

To introduce the basic income system in earnest, it is necessary to fundamentally reform the tax increase and welfare system reform.

However, some critics say that the national employment insurance system is more just than the basic income system, or that the basic income system is a socialist distribution system.

The need to expand the employment safety net is increasing as job losses have become serious since Corona 19.

Therefore, Korea aims to gradually expand its national employment insurance policy, and in the case of France, many people benefit from the fact that it already exists as an artist employment insurance.

Employment insurance should be discussed and introduced carefully because each country has a different labor market environment, including the industrial structure and the proportion of self-employed people.