행정정보체계론 출석 및 과제점검표(재택수업 스스로 점검하기)

학과:행정학과

학번:21507060

주(날짜)	출석(당일)	지각(해당주)	결석(그이후)	과제	비고
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7주차(1)	○				전반부 정리
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8주차 중간고사
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14주차(2)	○				후반부 정리
기말고사
과제1(20-05-06)				O
과제2(20-06-24)				O
계	26			2

이름:이창상

강의 요약 정리

1주차(1)

What will you study? The paradigm of study will change as time goes from past to future. For example you might wonder what it would be like to replace the roofs and roofs of all cars with electric plates. Students should use all their imaginations to set the direction in which we go.

All living things study. But plants and animals do just as much as life needs. People study for development. However if misused it will cause great harm to society. Like almost all current developments most disasters stem from human study. Therefore securing humanity is the most important.

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Will the era of information design using the Internet and computers be sustainable in the future? There are three periods at the same time in the information age. First, agricultural society has very low productivity and poor daily life. Secondly industrial society has contributed to economic development by using fossil energy but it needs a new paradigm by creating environmental pollution such as air pollution and climate change. Third the information age has lifted space and time constraints. Human capabilities in the information age should be developed in an integrated way and be part of convergence.

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All tools in agricultural and industrial societies improve human physical abilities but digital tools in the information society are designed to improve human mental abilities.

The paradigm of an information society that will replace an industrial society fundamentally changes the way society looks. The information society has solved the problems that have emerged in the industrial world and it has been able to solve them since the birth of mankind.

It will be faster and more effective than the changes or developments it has been pursuing and it will develop towards higher efficiency at a lower cost. Information society is a process to transform into a high-level information society and the basic core of such a society is information which is combined with computer and communication technology through computer networks that are completely different from industrial society.

As the information age enters changes in the social structure emerge. First in economic terms e-commerce will be the mainstay of the economy. Second the biggest change in political administration is building an electronic government.

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The first industrial revolution was the invention of the steam engine. The second industrial revolution was the electric energy-based mass production and the third industrial revolution was the computer- and Internet-based geologic information revolution. The fourth industrial revolution was an artificial intelligence-based revolution. There are many key technologies in the fourth industrial revolution including AI and Big Data. And by eliminating space-time constraints direct democracy is feasible.

With the advent of smart factory many jobs are lost. Also education business work environment and so on will change much of our lives. The fourth industrial revolution makes our lives convenient but it brings new problems such as deepening inequality and imbalance between countries in Korea. The role of government in the Fourth Industrial Revolution will be evaluated as the ability to provide diversified services to civil society in the most efficient and individualized manner.

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Information system

A system is a set of interconnected elements. The system requires the existence of each component to be a prerequisite and these components should be interconnected organically and work for a common purpose. In particular as society develops and varies a system approach is very important for an information society because it is difficult to properly resolve complex problems and phenomena without identifying and solving them with the overall system.

Types of systems

1. Critical and Probabilistic systems

A decisive system is a system in which interactions between parts of a system are accurately known such as a computer program that moves exactly accord to a statement and the relationship between the systems is predict able and there is no uncertainty.

Probabilistic systems can only describe probabilistic situations in the system at a given point in time because the relationship between the components that make up the system is stochastic predictable.

2. Opening and closing systems

A closed system refers to a system that has no interaction with the environment surrounding the system and such a system is mainly used in the design process of natural science where information or data are not interact with the surrounding environment.

An open system is a system that has interaction with the environment and obtains energy and information that the system needs externally and also interacts with each other.

3. Artificial System

Not a system created by nature by itself but by a human-generated system all the organizations computers and information systems of society are artificial systems and all the transportation environment and administrative information systems are artificial systems.

4. Closed decision system

The former is a system in which the decision maker review all the alternatives that are fully known and selects the best-performing alternatives.

5. Human Machine System

A system that consists of both human and machine components the information system is a representative example of the human machine system.

the process of misinformation in society

1. Generators of misinformation

The first time the information service was started is in the late 1950s, when the first generation computers using vacuum tubes were used in the US to the third generation computers using semiconductor devices in the late 1970s. This period is still a per-social desire for information services mainly due to the development of computer technology and limited information services.

2. A generator for informationization

The information generator is mainly used for 4th and 5th generation computers which have been switched away from the current single-body intensive processing system so that the computers can be connected or networked to distribute information.

It is a time when personal computers are supplied in the use of computers and information is promoted in various directions as users are switched around.

3. Maturity of Informational

Information service is being completed as the ultimate direction of the promotion of information service and it is aiming for a high-level information society.

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Modern cities developed into information cities due to the influence of transportation and information and communication. The development of information and communication recognized IT networks as urban infrastructure providing a base for sharing information in cities and various information-use services.

Modern cities are accelerating urbanization through aggregation of economic power urban expansion due to securing residential areas concentration of transportation logistics and growing interest in sustainable urban environment.

U-City is an intelligent future city where state-of-the-art information and communication infrastructure and ubiquitous information services converge into urban space as an environment rather than a tool. Through the three elements of u-City services and policies the city overall living environment will grow into an improved self-sustaining city. u-City construction requires a different approach from the existing new town development or information service projects.

The urban population-oriented promotion through the establishment of a cooperative network between government business and citizens is necessary and the phased implementation is necessary through the establishment of a national long-term plan considering prior research institutional readjustment review of specialized industries by u-City and connection between u-City.

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A public information system is an information system available to the public. Public information systems exist in both the public and private sectors and both citizens and businesses may be users of such systems. Defines a public information system as a system designed for use by the general public not by experts in a particular field or organization.

A public management information system is defined by an information system generally used in public administration namely an organization belonging to the public sector. As a result of this definition a private information system is defined as an information system used by organizations belonging to the private sector a private business primarily seeking profit. The public information system can be viewed from three perspectives a practical a semantic and a syntactic. The purpose of a public information system is to provide some kind of service or support for a public process or a process involving the general public or the whole society

Like all kinds of information systems with the advent of computers public information systems can benefit from new powerful technical tools that can enhance the data processing capabilities of the human mind. Some public information systems will provide services in a much broader sense.

Public information systems can support social and democratic processes by providing tools to make such processes more useful and rewarding from the perspective of all process participants. An important role for these information systems and tools is to support participants.

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The 21st century is entering a society where information services are in full swing. Major advanced countries are making research and development and investment in this field to reduce social costs and enhance the benefits of peoples lives in using the exchange of various information. Following this movement of the international communist your country is also interested in information technology and research and development. In particular as the Electronic Government Act passed the National Assembly in July 2001, the e-government promotion system was established in earnest.

In order to cope with the rapidly changing international economic situation and adapt to the digital economic society the task of advancing the economic structure through informationization has emerged as an important issue. To this end the development of technologies related to the continuous expansion of information service investment and the development of information service personnel that can be utilized effectively has emerged as important tasks to foster the foundation of the information and communication industry. In order to effectively promote such information services the government has selected leading information and communication-related projects and invested heavily in them thereby spreading the effects of such projects promoting the overall information service of the nations society in the long term and strengthening the link between information services and the information and communication industry.

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Public information systems support tasks and processes in which different types of actors engage in different roles. In performing its supporting role the public information system and its users will require access to the data.

Data exists in a variety of types including command data operational data procedural data meta data and process data. In any way built-in type rules in software tools can actually be a very efficient way to get people to follow the rules. The public information system should mainly contain the data necessary to perform the work of the system.

It consists of various types of databases including databases rule-based knowledge bases geographic databases and meta data Some data can be stored directly on the Web site. For more complex information systems it may be necessary to organize fairly sophisticated links and data/metadata exchange procedures between databases owned by different organizations. It can be concluded that the exemplified data should consist of physical or virtual data warehouses networks.

Since the public information system should be a major concern for politicians working-level officials of information systems and the general public the study of such systems is more important than ever in the sense discussed by many authors in the debate on hard-line versus relevance. Toolbox concepts and laboratory ideas for planned experiments as just presented may stimulate research to become more relevant than other methods.

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In the 21st century society will change into an information society and make changes in various fields.

The information society will eliminate space-time constraints and develop an era in which three-dimensional video information is transmitted over the wireless Internet.

Also the information age will change the educational paradigm. With the development of computers the use of information and computers will be achieved in various fields such as web-based real-time education and education using information characteristics.

The need for web-based customized education will be further enhanced. In line with changes in the environment professors should prepare for changes in social changes ability to utilize education programs and methods of education and students should develop changes in information service awareness continuous education and training and computer utilization skills.

The government system also changes. With the advent of e-government the government realizes a more competitive government by electronically handling internal administrative affairs and all tasks with the people and businesses.

People implement a fast and convenient government by freely maintaining communication with the government such as obtaining necessary information and submitting opinions without having to visit in person.

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What is GIS?

GIS was born in the United States and Canada in the 1950s for effective resource management. GIS is a system of computer software hardware. Analyze and present information linked to human resources that help with data and manipulation.

There are two ways to enter and visualize data. There are raster and vectors which represent specific locations and values and vectors represent points and lines and polygons and features.

Space locations usually represent geographic locations information visualizes data analysis and systems serve to link software hardware data. Non-GIS includes GPS, static maps usually maps are products of GIS, and simple software packages. The use of GIS is being used in various fields such as industry and education. It is used as a research or educational tool for transportation communication and education in the industrial sector.

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Data Structure and Characteristics of GIS

GIS consists of data and information. Data is a simple set of facts or numbers that represent the real world and information refers to the meaning derived from one or more data. The classification of information is topographical spatial data which is divided into location data relative location data absolute location data and characteristic data shape data video data and attribute data

The data structure of GIS shape data is divided into Lester data and vector data. Vector data expresses spatial data with points lines and faces and makes it possible to manage data by object. Leicester data is characterized by storing and managing data on a cell or pixel basis and having a similar structure to the picture. Leicester data is a simple structure has advantages that are easy to analyze has disadvantages of having low spatial accuracy and low resolution. Vector data have advantages similar to the actual shape of the map and disadvantages with complex structures.

The GIS-related data management structure is divided into four structures a flat structure a quick search for data a hierarchical structure a variety of records can be added and delete an organizational network structure a variety of data access the ways and a relational structure a data access by end users is possible users

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전반부 정리

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전반부 정리

9주차(1)

Changes in Information and Communication Technology and Administration

As society changes rapidly the nature of jobs will be slightly different and the types of jobs will be more diverse. Human development has changed in common to live a better life for humans. The development of information and communication technology led to the emergence of e-government. As society changed the function and role of government changed. The revolution of management and government innovation led to the emergence of e-government.

A paradigm shift in public service delivery is focused on how to provide better service. Recently the government has been more personalized. The development of ICT has created new administrative demands and enabled citizens to make diverse policy demands in the public sector. As we progress more and more we will learn more about humanity.

The emergence of e-government has led to changes in citizen-centered services information as public resources skills and relationships of new technologies responsibilities and management models. Society will change to a better life.

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The e-government brings about transformation within and outside government agencies and changes in relations. E-government has a variety of advantages including easier access to public information and improved public sector interactions. Limits include cost burden lack of ICT skills and digital divide.

With the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution society began to change rapidly. In the era of the fourth industrial revolution various technologies such as drones and 3D printing emerged.

As society changes it changes to expand and deepen connectivity revitalize sharing and become a versatile / smart citizen. The more society changes the better life it brings but human morality should be supported by change.

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Informatization and business processes

In order to redesign the work process fundamental changes in the process of work such as how it works are needed. Re-engineering is basically re-engineering by changing the work. BPR is a fundamental redesign of the organizations work processes structure information systems and value of the organization.

The core contents of BPR include the utilization of ICT, process and goal orientation reorganization of the organization and fundamental and rapid changes. The objectives are to increase the value of the customer to be competitive in achieving the vision and goals of the organization to reduce the cost for effectiveness and to change for strategic management.

The need for BPR in administration arises from changes in the administrative environments customer-centered administration search for new opportunities and securing the competitiveness of the organization. The effects of this include increased performance of the organization changes in organizational structure changes in decision-making methods and activation of support functions. The process of BPR proceeds with the new process planning change initiation process diagnosis process redesign restructuring and process monitoring.

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It is a kind of reference model for clarifying the linkage relationship between the functions of the ministries and facilitating the joint utilization and collaboration of information in information service and related tasks.

The basic purpose of the operation is to lay the foundation for a horizontal cooperative system among all ministries through information sharing lay the foundation for securing continuity of administrative work and provide efficient identification of work and performance processes and a basis for public service.

The concept of BPM of task process management is one of the work innovation methodologies that focuses on continuous improvement of processes from a cross-functional perspective to restructure tasks enabling organic integration of the entire task process both inside and outside the organization.

The advantages of BPM in the public sector include standardizing and harmonizing activities, ensuring compliance with standards and regulations and providing real-time to end users.

The significance of the Informatization Strategy Plan is a systematic and intentional preparatory activity to bring about unique advantages that are differentiated through information service. The purpose of ISP is to properly integrate the organizations management strategy and goals with the current direction of information technology.

In order to be established the attention and involvement of the top and senior managers are required and the linkage of information service strategy and work objectives is necessary.

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Citizen participation

Citizen participation is essential in the governance structure. Citizen participation is a citizen sovereignty and right and autonomous decentralize. Citizen participation can realize local autonomy and democracy. Citizen participation is a combination of administrative and political participation. In order to create better policies various needs such as strengthening trust in the government and implementing participatory democracy are raised.  Citizen participation is oriented toward creating social shared values by citizens and governments in the context of the revival of the times. Citizens should cultivate publicizes and citizenship and the government should have an inclusive government a trust-led government. Citizens and governments have the role of collaborators/cocreators.

Electronic civic participation refers to all activities in which citizens participate in political processes and policy making processes using electronic tools. Electronic civic participation is increasingly needed to secure access to the government overcome the constraints of participation in space and time and promote interaction between the government and citizens.

The advantages are that it is easy to collect policy opinions and enable two-way communication but the disadvantages are that it reduces civil servants administrative freedom and carries out administration in rigid regulations.

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Implementation of Electronic Citizen Participation

Types and methods of sperm citizen participation vary depending on the degree of expertise and practicality of administration. Typically there is an electronic agent model. The form of electronic citizen participation is divided into the provision of information decision of policy and consultation. The areas of electronic participation are classified into broad areas such as consultation campaigns and campaigns. In order for electronic citizen participation to be activated e-citizen participation methods and practice tools must be established new ICT introduction and legal/policy/institutional frameworks must be constructed. Government confidence should also be enhanced. Examples include e-government trust e-service sustainability trust etc. Digital citizens consist of cyber safety skills and respect for online community values.

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Although the legal definition of information and communication technology itself is not defined by law the Framework Act on National Informatization defines information and communication as a set of activities and means to promote information service and other related device technology services such as the collection processing and storage of information. Intelligence information technology is a technology that adds intelligence to existing information and communication technology. The Fourth Industrial Revolution is triggered not only by intelligent information technology but also by technological innovation through convergence with science and technology in the biological field. As the fourth industrial revolution entered the convergence of technology increased.

Artificial intelligence is an intelligent technology that implements some or all of human intelligence such as recognition and learning using computers. Artificial intelligence technology is represented by five key technologies learning and reasoning technology situation understanding technology language understanding technology visual understanding technology recognition and recognition technology.  Currently AI-based service technologies are used in various fields such as safety medical care national defense and energy. South Korea artificial intelligence technology is relatively low.

Block chain technology technically refers to a data chain in which information about transactions contracts etc. is encrypted on the distributed ledger. In a broad sense it is a distributed ledger network that enables the program to self-execute without a central server and the accompanying technology. Block chain technology will be divided into the first generation that has performed functions such as payment or remittance the second generation that enables contract processing and the third generation which is a general-purpose technology stage that is applied to society as a whole. The Internet of Things is a new communication environment that can be connected to anything anytime any‘‘‘‘where‘‘‘‘, and it is a technology that solves the constraints of any object that connects humans and human objects and objects.

Big data technology usually refers to the rapid processing of various types of digital data that have increased exponentially. The fields of utilize are expanding to utilize data-to-data linkage improve real-time analysis capabilities and predictive analysis technologies. Looking at global trends in the big data market global ICT companies are leading the platform and utilization technology sector. For example  Google is even making inroads into the analytic market and expanding its influence.

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A Study on the Implementation of Intelligent Design in the Public Sector Using ICT

The public domain means the public service sector provided for public interest purposes. Specifically it belongs to the public domain as it provides public services such as education public administration disaster and transportation facilities environment public welfare and social welfare.

Public service means any kind of goods or services provided to citizens by the government as well as goods or services produced and provided by the government for the sake of the public interest but produced by public institutions such as public corporations and quasi-government organizations or by private sectors and non-profit organizational The scope of the provision of public services is largely classified into energy construction public administration education health and social welfare.

Therefore while not all government policies are being implemented in the public domain the improvement of the quality of service in the public domain can be combined with the positive effects in the private and private sectors resulting in greater synergy.

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The advent of a community-tailored service era

E-government services are increasingly being used. Therefore the government needs to provide services through a proficient approach to community life services suitable for people lives and local conditions. As society gradually changes the concept of local informationization needs to be redefined. In the Government 3.0 environment local information services should be carried out in consideration of interactions between entities that implement local comprehensive realization. A method that can be applied repeatedly to reflect changes in demand arising from the main body of the benefits of local information services to create new local information services and technologies to provide services through them and to bring changes in demand back through the services provided.

Due to the increase in administrative demand community-tailored community life support services are needed. The policy goal is to establish a customized integrated service system centered on consumers so that services can be delivered to people in need without duplication or omission.

The government recognized the importance of civil service or cooperation in the welfare sector. The reason for this is that the people desire for social welfare has diversified and public-private cooperation has been emphasized in terms of enhancing the efficiency of resource utilization.

It is necessary to innovate the public service delivery system through various forms and channels so that public services can be provided to all people including vulnerable people in the community.

It is necessary to form discourse and issue from various perspectives such as public management and mutual monitoring autonomous control optimization of regulation and deregulation, and development of happiness index.

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national territory policy

The economic and social crisis under covId-19 is spreading around the world and its impact requires the overall reorganization of urban peoples way of life. The worldwide spread of covId-19 also has a direct impact on urban policy urban planning design. We must unite the power of collective intelligence on such a situation to overcome the national crisis and seek solutions.

CovId-19 brought about a crisis in public transportation. The number of people using public transportation plunged due to the restriction and prohibition of human and physical movement or exchange in various spaces caused by the spread of infectious diseases. Due to the social distance the preference for private transportation such as passenger cars which are less dangerous than public transportation is increasing rapidly causing traffic difficulties.

In addition the sharing economy contracted and society underwent various changes due to the expansion of non-face-to-face decision-making methods such as worsening the quality level of residents participation or public opinion collection decreasing the demand for traditional office space due to changes in working methods shrinking the demand for space due to reduced sales of restaurants and entertainment establishments accelerating the change of logistics distribution business by expanding the non-face-face-to-face consumption method and increasing the need to install new facilities for collective use.

The basic principles of new space management should be prepared accordingly. New principles are needed such as limiting the use of collective facilities preparing standards for duality facility management during peacetime and emergency times banning the combination of collective medical facilities elderly nursing hospitals and religious facilities that are highly feared to be infected and securing individual routes.

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Now we must go our own way without being swayed by the changes of the world. Now is the time for knowledge to be handled by artificial intelligence and computers and people should be in charge of wisdom and creativity.

Knowledge can be borrowed but wisdom is not easy to borrow and knowledge accumulates but wisdom must be built entirely by unremitting self-effort. Smart power Covid-19, never disappears. It is community humanity that can overcome this.

The road ahead should return to agrarian society in the energy sector and the fourth and fifth industrial era in the technology sector. The Covid-19 suffered a lot of damage but the natural order was running smoothly and most of the man-made things stopped clearing the air greatly and the ecosystem was recovering.

What an individual can do now is to go his or her own way. There is no repetition in history. However there is only repeated stupidity. Conversation is to reserve my right and contemplate others right.

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후반부 총정리