행정 정보 체계론 출석 및 과제 점검표(재택 수업 스스로 점검하기)

학과: 국제관계학과

학번: 21618302

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15주차 기말고사
과제1(제출일자)	○			O (5월 13일)
과제2((제출일자)	○			O (6월 17일)
계	28			2

이름: 최상빈

강의 요약 정리

1주차(1)

시대적 변천사를 통해 동양과 서양에서의 공부를 파악하자면 동양은 인문학 중심이었다면 서양은 과학 중심으로 발전하여 현재까지 이르고 있다. 미래에는 공부가 어떻게 이루어질까? 미래는 점차 국가 간의 상호의존성이 증대됨에 따라 국경이 허물어지고 정보통신기술이 비약적으로 발전할 것이며, 4차 산업 혁명을 통한 ai와 인간과의 공존이 점차 일반화된 정보화 사회가 도래할 것이다. 이러한 변화 흐름을 따라가기 위해서는 두뇌 훈련 과정이 필요하며 훈련과정은 정보통신기술, ai를 인류 사회에 융화시키고 통합하여 일상에 실현할 수 있는 방향이 제시되어야 한다. 또한, 멜팅 팟을 이용한 인종, 문화 등의 요소가 하나로 융합된 교육이 실시되어야 할 것이다. 이렇듯 고도화된 사회로 변화하기 위해서는 정보통신기술, ai 보다 사람들의 역량이 중요하고, 특히 현재의 대학생들이 사회를 변화시키는데 선두주자가 되어야 한다. 이러한 사회 변화를 달성하기 위해서는 동물처럼 최소한의 계획과 공부만을 해서는 안 된다. 그렇게 한다면 지속만 할 수 있을 뿐이다. 따라서 대학생들은 사회의 선두주자가 되기 위해서는 지속 발전이 가능한 계획 수립과 공부를 해야 한다. 그리고 원대한 꿈을 가지고 실행함으로써 역사적 인물로 족적을 남길 수 있어야 한다. 이를 달성하기 위해서는 흥미 있는 분야만 경험할 것이 아니라 다양한 분야에서 경험적 토대를 쌓아야 하고 이러한 과정을 즐길 수 있어야 한다. 마지막으로는 자기 자신에 대한 자존감을 형성하여야 한다. 대부분 대학생은 자신들의 잠재력을 알지 못한다. 이러한 까닭은 다양한 경험의 부재도 있지만 자기 자신을 아낄 줄 모르기 때문에 자존감이 낮거나 형성되어 있지 않기 때문이다. 따라서 자존감을 형성하기 위해서는 지식을 쌓기보다는 경험을 통해 자신부터 변화시켜야 한다. 그리고 자신이 속한 집단에 대해 생각하고 집단에서 내가 무엇을 할 수 있나 생각하여야 한다.

1주차(2)

Today, mankind lives in a society ‘where‘ agriculture, industry and information coexist simultaneously. Thus, in order to exercise one‘s competence in a complex and highly developed society, constant efforts and sustainable planning must be established. So, what attitude should students maintain in order to exercise their abilities, make sustainable plans and implement them in a complex, ever-changing society?

First, students should make changes in how they learn. Learning is not about instilling the knowledge you have acquired into your head and moving on to your short-term memory, but it is important to understand and practice it after it has been embodied into your own. That is, after gaining knowledge, students need to practice repeatedly through at least eight hours of study to understand it. Subsequent knowledge should be available in various situations in any way.

Second, students should be able to meet basic requirements in any situation. The first of the requirements is a healthy body and state of mind. People who are physically weak and mentally unstable are bound to lose efficiency in whatever they do because they are not stable. Therefore, a healthy body and psychology should always be maintained. The second is not to act passively and in a fistful manner while pressed for time, but rather to be active but always do one‘s best and sacrifice for one-time life. To move passively and act in a fist way is not to do one‘s best about life given to one, but to avoid it, not to solve it in every situation. This life can only last. However, being proactive, doing your best and sacrificing yourself will foster the ability to solve problems in any field and under any circumstances.

Third, you should have a dream about the future. Today, society is becoming diversified due to the rapid development of information and communication technology and the advent of the fourth industry. In such a society, students must have a solid dream of the future in order to be able to perform. A dream is your present choice and your future self. The results of those who carry out and carry out their dreams according to their will and those who live as they are given without plans show a clear difference. These dreams are also future-oriented actions that can serve not only the happiness and development of their own organizations and groups.

Therefore, in order to survive in a diversified information society, students must be able to clearly understand what information society is and act according to the methods required by the information service society.

2주차(1)

Ⅰ. The significance of the Information Society

1. The significance of informatization

Informatization refers to all efforts so far to transform the industrial and social structure or institutions and society as a whole to suit the logic and operation of the information society.

2. Meaning of the Information Society

Information society is a process to transform into a high-level information society, and the core of information technology is a society ‘where‘ information technology is combined with computer to accumulate, process, and transfer information, and the value of information is relatively higher than other material goods or services, and can be defined as a society in which information-related industries and activities are the main pillars.

Ⅱ. The Background and Cause of Information Society‘s Appearance

1. Background of the Information Society

The reason behind the emergence of the information society was made possible by the development of information and communication technology that enabled the necessary aspects and changes that required new approaches to meet the mental needs of diversification, individualization, and decentralization from material satisfaction, such as uniformization, massization, and decentralization.

2. Cause of Information Society

With the need for a new approach to meet mental needs, computer and information and communication technologies combined to improve the production, scale, processing and delivery of information, resulting in a tremendous change in socio-economic.

Ⅲ. Informationization and Change in Social Structure

Informationization and social structure changes can lead to changes in both economic and political administrative aspects. First of all, in economic terms, e-commerce will be the mainstay of the economy, moving away from the conventional mode of trading in production and distribution. The spread and utilization of the Internet has created a new means of trade: e-commerce. E-commerce will play a role in changing existing trade practices and reshaping the basic framework of global trade relations. The next political change is to build an electronic government. The e-government is to use information technology to strengthen the government‘s competitiveness and reform its administration. To make various services convenient to the public, the government is stepping up efforts to build an e-government with the aim of improving the quality of people‘s lives and providing services that can immediately respond to the needs of the people.

2주차(2)

Ⅰ. Definition of Fourth Industrial Revolution

Started in the early 21st century and combined with information and communication technology and industry, it is an intelligent revolution of everything based on IOT, CPS and artificial intelligence. It is also a new industrial revolution in which connectivity is possible without restrictions on people, things, and space, and everything can be intelligent to innovate the industrial structure and social system.

Ⅱ. The principal skills of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

The fourth industrial revolution has a number of technologies, but the three important ones are artificial intelligence, big data and IOT. Artificial intelligence is a technology that implements human thought and abilities through computers through learning like humans. Big data is an aggregate collection of data that collects vast amounts of ununified knowledge and processes and uses it according to size, variety and speed. IOT is a comprehensive network that connects devices, people and data to the Internet. In the process, data collected through the cloud becomes part of big data, creating a global network of electronic connections.

Ⅲ. The Net Function of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

Through the Fourth Industrial Revolution, people can realize direct democracy. Until now, democracy has exercised sovereignty through voting or direct participation, but in the future, it can discuss the pros and cons of policies through SNS, conduct activities on political parties that it supports, and improve the level of interest and level in politics. And there will be an environment ‘where‘ you can work anytime, any‘where‘, without being constrained by location and time.

Ⅳ. The Reversals of the Fourth Industrial

Most of the jobs are mechanized by replacing human resources, but in the future, a new workforce called robots will emerge, with factories and industrial complexes to disappear along with job losses for people. And social problems such as income disparity can become more acute, resulting in a return to class society rather than class society.

3주차(1)

Ⅰ. Concept of Information

Information is a meaningful content used as a message for the decision or action of an individual or organization. In addition, information is valuable in the sense that it informs the recipient of the information that it cannot predict, and information reduces uncertainty.

Ⅱ. Concepts of System

A system is a set of interconnected elements. The system also requires that the presence of each component be a prerequisite and that these components are interconnected organically and work for a common purpose.

Ⅲ. Characteristics of Information

It is important to identify the characteristics of the information in order to correctly recognize it. To summarize the characteristics of information: First, information is not lost by use. Second, information can be copied. Third, information is cumulative effectiveness. Fourth, information is not depreciated or corrupted. Fifth, information has a dimension of time. Sixth, information will act as both a producer and a consumer, and the ability of the information producer or the quality or amount of information will be determined over time.

Ⅳ. Types of Systems

Systems can be classified as follows: The first is the critical system. A deterministic system is a system in which the interactions between each part of the system are accurately known, such as a computer program that moves exactly according to a statement. The second is the closure system. A closed system refers to a system that has no interaction with the environment surrounding the system. Thirdly, it is an artificial system. All the organizations, computers, and information systems of society are man-made systems. Fourth is the closure decision system and the open probability system. The former is a system in which decision makers review all known alternatives and ‘select‘ the best results. The latter is a decision made in a complex and partially unknown environment, and the decision of the decision maker is dependent on the environment.

Ⅴ. The Implications of Society‘s Informatization to Us

Korea is also paying a lot of attention to informationization and investing so as not to repeat the mistakes it experienced by the delayed start of industrialization. Currently, the genesis and maturity of information service are under way in various sectors of society and preparations are being made to enter the high-level information society. If the society becomes a high-altitude information society, new society will be developed ‘where‘ things that have been impossible or possible in imagination will be implemented in reality. However, an information society can also create many new problems, such as the gap in information, the underprivileged in information, the leakage of personal information and security issues.

3주차(2)

Ⅰ. Development and Appearance of Modern Cities

In modern cities, urban phenomena are accelerating in terms of economy, housing, transportation and the environment. In addition, through economic aggregation, the acceleration of urbanization, expansion of urban areas due to securing residential areas, and the compilation of urban functions increase interest in transportation and logistics, and sustainable urban environment.

Ⅱ. Advanced Intelligent City u-City

U-City is an intelligent future city ‘where‘ advanced information and communication infrastructure and ubiquitous information services converge into urban space as an environment. In addition, the government will focus on intelligent urban services for urban residents and foster specialized industries to revitalize the urban economy.

Ⅲ.Prospects of Future Cities in U-City

Future City is a self-sustaining city with improved overall living conditions. This will bring about a new concept of urban infrastructure that combines IT and construction infrastructure. The spread of transportation services will make the city‘s transportation and logistics network intelligent. Small cities centered on decentralized urban functions and specialized industrial cities fostered by u-City policies will induce industrial and population distribution to realize balanced regional development.

Ⅳ. Policy Proposal

The government, businesses and citizens should form a network of mutual cooperation and be built into a human-centered city and a production city with an industrial model with a balanced view of IT and construction. A step-by-step implementation is needed through the establishment of a long-term plan at the national level, which takes into account prior research and system readjustment.

4주차(1)

Ⅰ. Introduction

A public information system is a system available to all. The definition of this is a system designed to be used by the general public, not by experts in a particular field or organization.

As with other concepts, the concept of public information systems can be analyzed from three perspectives.

The first practical point of view: Why and why is a public information system necessary for watt purposes?

Second: semantic perspective:What is the content of the public information system?

Third: Synthetic perspective: How is the public information system built?

Ⅱ. Uses, uses and users of public information systems

The purpose of a public information system is to provide a kind of service or support for processes that involve public processes, the general public, and society as a whole.

The actors involved in the public information system fall into three categories:

1. Civilians and households/families play the role of citizens, customers and customers

2. Business companies and other types of organizations

3. Government agencies and agencies at various levels.

Interaction involves citizens, businesses and government agencies as well as actors interact within the same process. For example, it may include all of the participating processes that aim to determine ‘where‘ the entity will be located. It may also include a process of participation in which an entity aims to address a problem. The public information system will provide services in a much broader sense. Rather than just helping citizens or companies accomplish specific tasks, public information systems can support social and democratic processes by providing a means to make processes more useful and rewarding from the perspective of all process participants. An important role for these information systems and tools is to support participants.

4주차(2)

Ⅰ. International Environment of Information Society

The 21st century is entering an information society. Major advanced countries around the world recognize informationization as the most important measure of national development in the knowledge and information society, and are speeding up informationization by preparing various promotion strategies for each sector of society. The digital revolution through informationization is now approaching an irresistible trend, and the global economic order is already being reshuffled through informationization. Accordingly, securing an edge in the information service sector based on information technology is recognized as the most important factor to improve national competitiveness, and advanced countries such as the United States, Europe, and Japan are preparing for the global society that will develop in the future.

Ⅱ. Characteristics of Domestic Environment in Information Society

Korea has suffered considerable economic difficulties such as failing to cope with changes in the economic paradigm and receiving support to overcome the economic crisis caused by the sluggish domestic economy, sluggish exports and lack of economic restructuring, but it has lagged behind in industrialization based on its historical experience of paying the price, but is making efforts to restructure society and economy under the national proposition that informationization should lead. In particular, the government is pushing ahead with projects to build high-speed information communication infrastructure and various information service support projects in earnest, and various policies such as training professional human resources, supporting technology development, and supporting small and medium venture companies to foster the information and communication industry while creating information service conditions, such as readjustment of laws and systems and enhancing ability to use information services.

5주차(1)

Ⅰ. Implications of Public Information Systems

First, provide services to the people and enterprises.

Grants citizens and companies to exercise influence. Helps governments carry out their work in an efficient and reliable way. Capture, preserve and enable data useful for analysis, planning and research.

The second public information system requires research on a wide range of topics, including

1. User-centered design, usability

2. Various forms of interaction

3. Integration and separation

4. Decision Support System, Risk and Decision Analysis

5. Governance, democracy and political preconditions

6. Cooperation among public administration

7. Digital Archives

8. Multimedia Communications

9. Quality and security

Institutions engaged in the study of public information systems should attempt to connect with researchers who share the process, nature, importance and implications of designing public information systems. And forums and venues for collaborative work and discussions among people from different cultures and regions of the world should be created.

One feature of the public information system is that it must be able to adapt to the changing needs of users.

Since the public information system should be a major concern for politicians, working-level officials of information systems and the general public, the study of such systems is more important than ever in the sense discussed by many authors in the debate. As presented, the idea of a laboratory for a planned experiment may stimulate the study to be more relevant to its purpose than any other method.

5주차(2)

Ⅰ. Introduction

The fundamental shift in the educational paradigm stems from four perceptions. First of all, it is the recognition of necessity. The second is the exact perception of the fundamental difference between industrial and information society. The third is the recognition of problems with the potential for future development. The fourth is historical problem awareness.

Ⅱ.Changes in the Social Paradigm and Direction of Informationization in the 21st Century

First, we will learn about the changes in the social paradigm. The First Revolution is an agrarian society in hunting. The Second Revolution is an industrial society in an agricultural society. The Third Revolution is an information society in an industrial society. From then on, it became possible to overcome the constraints of time and space. Next is the nature of information. First of all, information is non-consumption. The second information can be copied. The third information has a cumulative effect. The fourth information has a property that does not disappear or diminish by allocating it. The fifth information does not deteriorate. The sixth information has a time dimension. The seventh information is ambiguous in the distinction between producers and consumers, serves as both producers and consumers, and the quality or supply of information is determined by the ability, talent and time of the information producer. The eighth information, unlike ordinary products, does not have a form and has media dependencies that depend on the medium. Information also has very variable characteristics.

Ⅲ.Information Age and University Education Plan

The educational paradigm shift in the information age will proceed as follows. First of all, web-based education will take place in real time or at any time. Second, computers and education will be done. A third education will be conducted using the characteristics of information. A fourth consumer-centered education will be conducted.

Ⅳ. Web-based Customized Training

For customized education, the following methods should be implemented: For this, we must keep the necessity in mind. English, an international official language, is essential in line with the era of globalization, and computer utilization, an essential requirement in the information age, should be cultivated. In accordance with the Kaesong era, the government should proceed in a way that maximizes its interests and majors. The preparation procedures for web-based training are as follows. First of all, all lecture materials should be computerized. The second document should be converted to Web documents, not paper. A website needs to be built for third information processing. A forum should be established for the fourth attendance and question and answer session.

Ⅴ. Personalized Employment in the Information Age

In order to get a job in the information age, the following efforts are First of all, it is necessary to use online job sites to find out areas of interest and accumulate data continuously. Second, students should set up early career and employment by themselves or through classes. A third web page should be created and continuously updated. Be prepared to be continuously searched on the fourth search engine. Fifth, for customized employment, contact local governments or public institutions to establish a database for pre-employment preparation and participate in website construction. After registering on the 6th job site, it should be connected to the company. A seventh electronic resume, a voice resume and a video resume must be prepared.

Ⅵ. Conclusion

It should not be overlooked that the education required in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution should be continuously supplemented to acquire the expertise and skills necessary for the IOT era and to grow into a person who can work ‘where‘ he or she wants and that there are significant side effects.

6주차(1)

Ⅰ. What is Geographic Information?

Geography is divided into three elements. ‘where‘ is the first one? Second, why are you there? The third is to pay attention to location information. Location information can be classified according to how many, what kind, and ‘where‘ it is. Geographic information is also being moved from region to world, and geographical information can be documented and classified as words, charts, graphs or maps.

Ⅱ. What is GIS?

GIS is a system that can display geographic information in computer software and hardware. To this end, manpower is essential to help produce geographical information. Through these tasks, geographical information can be analyzed and presented. Four key elements are needed for GIS production. The first is the location of space, which means geographical location. The second is information, which plays a role in diversifying views on information analysis. The third is the system, which brings together the software, hardware and information connections as a whole to perform its functions. The fourth is manpower. Human resources play a key role in the identification of geographical information.

Ⅲ. Power of GIS

GIS serves to provide a diverse perspective on geographical analysis by making maps paper or digital. It is also possible to collect vast amounts of information using scientific techniques, and the information collected is analyzed and used through visualization, production, analysis and marking. GIS plays a key role in providing geographic information in connection with GPS, ‘where‘ the two programs are linked to pinpoint the exact location for providing information, conduct surveys on specific sites, detect and analyze them through remote devices. These linked programs provide information in a variety of ways and play an important role in business activities. First of all, in the field of environment, it plays an important role in planning with preliminary research, and provides information to enterprises on location information services or transport systems. In the industrial sector, it provides necessary information in the process of securing communications and resources.

6주차(2)

Ⅰ. Data and Information

The data are not processed from facts or sets of numbers that represent the real world and are meaningless in itself. Information is a semantics derived from one or more data and is easy to share and can generate new information through analysis.

Ⅱ. Vector data and Lester data characteristics

The characteristics of vector data are expressed in dots, lines, and planes, and positions are recorded in x and y coordinates. Objects have size and orientation and can manage data. It is relatively simple to update and maintain data in systems that require precise management. However, there are complex and difficult aspects of data generation. The characteristic of Leicester data is to store and manage the data in cells or pixels. The structure is similar to the picture and the entire data is recognized as a single object. It is difficult to update data because it is easily acquired by scanning and the amount of data is huge.

Ⅲ. Advantages and disadvantages of vector data and Lester data

The advantages of vector data are similar to actual maps and can be expressed in high resolution. have high spatial accuracy Also, storage space is generally small. The downside is that the structure is complex and requires a high level of technology. And it costs a lot to build. The advantages of Lester data are simple in structure and easy to analyze. It uses relatively low levels of technology and is easy to acquire data. The downside is that it has low spatial accuracy and low resolution. In addition, the data capacity is vast and the data is treated implicitly.

Ⅳ. Structural Characteristics of GIS Data Management

The GIS data management structure is divided into four categories: plane structure, hierarchical structure, organizational network structure, and relational structure. A flat structure is fast to search for data and makes it easy to write programs. Hierarchical structures are capable of adding and deleting various records and are fast at searching for data due to high levels of records. Organizational network structures have diverse access paths to data and do not repeat data items. The relational structure is accessible to end users and is not affected by the addition of data or the establishment of new relationships.

7주차(1) 전반부 총정리 및 과제 설명

7주차(2) 전반부 총정리 및 과제 설명

8주차 중간고사

9주차(1)

Ⅰ. E-Government Appearances

1. Background of e-government generation

The e-government background is as follows. Social changes occurred due to the development of information and communication technology, and these social changes caused phenomena such as information society, knowledge and information society, smart society, digital society, and intelligent information society, which required changes in functions and roles of the government. Therefore, e-government emerged by anticipating the feasibility of government innovation. In addition, e-government is a combination of three elements: technological development, management revolution, and government innovation.

2. Changing the paradigm of public service delivery

E-government is a paradigm presented to transform the existing bureaucratic paradigm and to perform better government roles. The e-government‘s goal is user satisfaction, control and flexibility. The structure and role of an organization is a horizontal organization and a network organization. The management principle emphasizes inter-departmental teamwork through coordination along with flexibility. The type of leadership requires promotion, coordination and innovative entrepreneurship. Internal and external communication methods emphasize direct communication and direct communication with coordination. Service operations are trying to provide personalized services through electronic exchange and non-face-to-face interaction.

Ⅱ. Effects of Information and Communication Technology

1.  Impact of ICT

As ICT develops, it is affecting and developing in various fields of politics, society, economy, and culture in various forms. First of all, politics is contributing to realizing electronic democracy by emphasizing the transparency and responsibility of politics and expanding public participation. Society is generating changes in the pursuit of onlineization in everyday life, changes in the way of communication, expansion of online education, and relaxation of restrictions on poetry and space. In the economy, information processing is products and services, driving the expansion of e-commerce and e-trade, and creating changes in the way things work. Culture is playing a role in making it easier to access new cultures.

2. ICT and Administration

As ICT is introduced into administration, there are various changes in administration. First of all, a change in administrative demand occurred. Globalization has progressed through informationization, which creates new administrative demands as it opens up. Second, it is a change in the lives of citizens. As people raise their expectations through informationization and demand an improvement in the standard of living, various needs are erupting, and various policy demands are being demanded in the public sector. Third, there is a new social problem. In order to prevent crimes using the Internet through information services, police activities are required in cyberspace. It is the support for strengthening the competitiveness of fourth-largest companies. In order for companies to be competitive in the market, the administration must practice support for information.

9주차(2)

Ⅰ. E-Government Effects and Relations

1. Influence of e-government

The emergence of e-government has caused internal transformation of government agencies, which has facilitated interconnection between departments and departmental agencies and improved efficiency of government internal structures and procedures. In addition, changes outside government agencies have had such effects as increased government transparency, improved accessibility to government information, increased cooperation among agencies and the disappearance of boundaries between agencies. Through this, the relationship between the government and the people was transformed from a vertical structure to a horizontal one.

2. E-Government Expected Effect

The advantages of e-government are as follows. Access to public information is made easier and interrelationships between each subject are improved. This results in improvements in public services and facilitates the efficiency and effectiveness of the public sector. In addition, the government‘s transparency and accountability are increased and the control and improvement of bureaucracy is achieved. In addition, there are various benefits such as enhancing trust between the government and the people and revamping the public sector image.

3. E-Government Limits

The e-government is limited by the lack of political and financial support. First of all, the manager‘s will is lacking and costs will arise. The expansion of electronic services will lead to problems such as personal information leakage and privacy violations, and the reliability of information and technology will be reduced. On the other hand, there are forces that resist change and there is a need for reconsideration of information culture. In addition, many limitations exist today, such as lack of a spirit of collaboration, ICT infrastructure, lack of skills, lack of system security data protection, and lack of policies and regulations.

Ⅱ. Administration in the Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

1.  Process of Industrial Revolution Development

The primary industrial revolution was mechanized by using water and steam, and the secondary industrial revolution enabled division of work and introduced mass production with the help of electricity. The 3rd Industrial Revolution was a digital revolution, and the automation of production using electricity and IT was achieved. The Fourth Industrial Revolution used cyber-physical systems to monitor, analyze and automate business.

2. Direction of e-government implementation

The new e-government should present the following directions. In terms of orientation value, democracy, openness, sustainability, publicness, equity and diversity should be pursued. Expectations should be provided with services that can seek improvement in quality and satisfaction from the people. The focus should be on smarting and digitizing. The underlying resources should pursue the combination of intelligent information technology, infrastructure data, mobile, physical space and virtual space. The approach should pursue disruptive innovation along with the coexistence of technology and society.

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Ⅰ. Re-designing the Business Process

1. The significance of the business process

For the competitiveness of the organization, fundamental changes in the process of work, such as the way it works, are needed. These processes are represented by reengineering, BPR. Reengineering means thinking and redesigning to achieve definite improvement by incorporating quality, cost, service and speed into the work process. BPR is a fundamental redesign of an organization‘s work processes based on its structure, information systems and organizational value, and is a business innovation method to ensure the organization‘s competitiveness. Components of BPR include redesigning the business process, changing organizational value, changing organizational structure, and changing the information system. The key value of BPR is its use of ICT, pursuit of fundamental and radical change, reorganization of the organization, process and target orientation. In addition, BPR aims to increase customer value, strive to achieve organizational vision and goals, manage strategically and reduce costs for efficiency.

2. Necessity and Expected Effect

By operating BPR, the following changes can be expected in the administrative environment: First of all, in terms of environmental characteristics, people‘s needs vary as information technology develops, which can lead to service-oriented administrative demands. It also breaks down bureaucratic organizations, improves administrative standards and increases the need for management of organizations. Accordingly, the government should have quick response capabilities, manage knowledge and improve its ability to process information. This requires democratic organizational management and the ability to cope with change.

Ⅱ. Considerations for Propulsion

It is necessary to implement BPR in consideration of the following situations. First of all, cultural factors and behavioral characteristics should be considered. Second, the relationship between the information system and the organization should be clarified. Third, communication between participants should be smooth. Fourth, understanding of the impact factors of IT adoption is needed. Fifth, design for change is needed. At the same time as the sixth creative proposal, an atmosphere should be created to ensure that such actions are made.

Ⅲ. Failure Factors in Propulsion

The following are the causes of failure. Failure occurs due to a lack of awareness and willingness to drive BPR, and lack of training for BPR. In addition, IT is often adopted that lacks interest in process improvement and is unsuitable for business process changes. In addition, human factors are neglected and resistance to change occurs, leading to failure.

Ⅳ. Public Sector and BPR

For BPR to succeed in the public sector, the following efforts are required: First of all, it needs the attention and support of the top manager, and the need for change and education for its members should be made. It also requires all members‘ participation and smooth communication, fair and consistent and continuous feedback through performance uations. It should also be introduced in consideration of national society and organizational culture. It should also manage members‘ sense of crisis and form an open organization for creativity and innovation. This requires a long-term perspective, not complete in a short period of time, and requires the maintenance of relevant laws and regulations.

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Ⅰ. A Work Function Linkage Model

1. Significance of a Work Function Linkage Model

BRM is a kind of reference model for clarifying the linkage relationship between the functions of the ministries and facilitating the joint utilization and collaboration of information in the implementation of information services and related tasks. It is also to establish and operate an information service system to support electronic classification of functions of government affairs and to expand the joint utilization of linked information, etc.

2. Basic Purpose and Expected Effect of the Operation of the Government Functional Classification System

The basic objectives of the operation are as follows: The purpose is to lay the foundation for a horizontal cooperative system between ministries, to secure continuity of administrative work, to lay the foundation for continuous efficiency of work, and to promote efficient management tasks. The purpose of the expected effects is to provide diverse information on work functions through efficient understanding of work and performance processes, providing a foundation for seamless public service, providing practical blueprints for the promotion of next-generation e-local government, and effective utilization of relevant information.

3.  Limits of the Business Function Linkage Model

The task function linkage model has limitations of not including information on the process, insufficient reflection of dynamic work elements, and bottom-up information systems, and is also insufficient to grasp the overall process of work, as it focuses on the unit work of the organization.

Ⅱ. Business Process Management

1. Significance of Business Process Management

The BPM focuses on continuous improvement of processes from a cross-functional perspective in order to restructure its operations. It is also one of the business innovation methodologies that enables organic integration of the entire task process, both within and outside the organization, and is the way to improve productivity and integrate tasks through automation, acceleration and visualization of the organization‘s work processes. In addition, it is a technological innovation method that intelligently or automates all process management related to an organization‘s work, including the entire organizational strategy required for information and process integration management within the organization, process sharing between organizations, and integrated management.

2. Expected Effectiveness and Considerations

BPM contributes to the improvement of resource management and integration of administrative operations and helps determine policies and strategies in operation. It also enables continuous improvement of service and quality and cost reduction, and helps improve performance and manage crises and changes. It also helps promote records, analysis and communication and enables creative and innovative approaches to enhance organizational performance. It has the effect of increasing transparency, clarifying the scope and boundaries of accountability, prompting rapid response to policy changes and unforeseen events and subjecting them to standards and regulations.

Ⅲ. Informatization Strategy Plan

It refers to systematic and intentional preparatory activities to bring about unique benefits that are differentiated through informationization and is an approach to increase the competitiveness of the organization by considering the information system as a strategic resource and by using it in conjunction with the organization‘s management strategy and information system strategy. It also refers to a systematic approach to identifying strategic information needs within an organization, describing work activities and data areas related to them, assessing the extent of current information support, and preparing an integrated information system plan using information technology to implement them.

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Ⅰ. Citizen Participation

1.  Significance of Citizen Participation

Citizen participation is essential in the governance structure and must be made for the realization of local autonomy and democracy. Citizen participation can contribute to the realization of citizens‘ sovereignty, rights, citizens‘ choice, and autonomy.

2. Necessity of Citizen Participation

Citizen participation has the need to: First of all, it is to make a better policy. This is to strengthen trust in the second government. Third, to realize participatory democracy and to implement and spread governance. Fourth, to form social capital and enhance the responsiveness and citizenship of administration. Fifth, to resolve social conflicts and realize social equity and enhance transparency in administration. To realize the institutionalization of the sixth local government.

3. Direction of Activating Citizen Participation

In order to promote civic participation, a cooperative attitude between citizens and the government is needed. Therefore, citizens should cultivate publicness and citizenship, pursue the creation of trust among citizens, and contribute to the restoration and regeneration of communities and the accumulation of social capital. The government should pursue an inclusive and trust-led government and take the initiative in supporting social capital formation and realizing social justice, equity and fairness.

Ⅱ. Significance of Electronic Citizen Participation

1. Concept of Electronic Citizen Participation

It is also called online participation, Internet participation, cyber participation, electronic participation, and means all activities in which citizens participate in political processes and policymaking processes by utilizing electronic tools such as online and Internet. To realize this, we should encourage electronic civic participation so that we can enhance efficiency and efficiency, pursue customer orientation, and increase democracy and transparency.

2. Necessity and Effect of Electronic Citizen Participation

The need for electronic citizen participation is as follows: This is to secure access to the government and overcome the restrictions on participation in time and space. And it is necessary to consider the speed and interactivity of participation and to promote interaction between governments and citizens. The positive effects of this are as follows. First of all, it is easy to collect policy opinions through ICT and enables interactive communication. This allows administrative work to be handled quickly and accurately. It can also reduce administrative losses and increase administrative accountability. Negative effects can lead to the possibility of uniformity in the handling of work due to the reduction of civil servants‘ administrative discretion, and it will be difficult for civil servants to execute their decisions due to increased opportunities to present various opinions. In addition, carrying out administration to rigid regulations increases the likelihood of policy and administration failure.

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Ⅰ. Types and Methods of Electronic Citizen Participation

The areas of electronic citizen participation are as follows: First of all, there is ICT, or information provision, that organizes, expresses, and manages information in participating situations. There are ICT, community-building and cooperative environments that support forming and empowering a second community. There is a third stakeholder consultation on utilizing ICT for specific issues. There is a campaign, an ICT that supports the fourth protest, lobbying, petitions and other forms of collective movement. In addition, there are campaigns, deliberation, discourse, arbitration, space planning, opinion polls, voting, etc. Key tools in electronic citizen participation value the means by which decisions can be made through communication, such as participation in chat rooms, electronic panels, electronic petitions, planning and establishment procedures.

Ⅱ. E-Citizens‘ Participation Promotion Plan and Tasks

In order to activate electronic civic participation, the following prerequisites must be implemented: First of all, legal, policy and institutional frameworks should be formed. A second set of electronic citizen participation methods and practices should be prepared. A third new ICT should be introduced. These e-citizens‘ participation is divided into motivational and disability factors, which are: The expectation of opinion ‘select‘ion and the political efficacy of electronic citizen participation are obtained and the anonymous processing of opinions is carried out. This motivates privacy protection and user accessibility and convenience. On the other hand, obstacles are budget shortages, lack of technical officials, upgrade safety issues, and the government tends to regard websites or portals as a means of distributing information. There is also a lack of software designed and designed to support electronic participation.

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Ⅰ. Concepts of ICT and Intelligent Information Technology

ICT is an abbreviation of information and communication technology and is a technology that supports access to and distribution of information based on communication technology. The Internet, wireless networks, smartphones and other communications media belong to ICT. Currently, the scope of Internet-based information utilization technologies is expanding to infinity, and therefore, all media in which digital information is distributed is widely defined as ICT. Intelligent information technology is an advanced ICT that combines artificial intelligence technology and data utilization technology to realize human high-level information processing capabilities in machines. It can be understood as an expression of the symbolism of progress and technology that symbolizes intelligence added to major functions by adding high-level information processing capabilities such as recognition, learning, and reasoning of artificial intelligence to existing information and communication technologies.

Ⅱ. AI

Artificial intelligence technology is an intelligent technology that implements some or all of a human‘s intellectual abilities such as recognition and learning using computers, and artificial intelligence technology is represented by five key technologies: learning and reasoning skills, contextual understanding skills, language comprehension skills, visual understanding skills, and cognitive skills. Artificial intelligence processes and processes data acquired through ICT such as IOT mobile to create models and improve intelligence level by modifying and supplementing models through repetitive learning.

Ⅲ. Blockchain

Blockchain refers to a network of data chains that are technically encrypted and stored with information about transactions, contracts, etc., and in a broad sense are networks and accompanying technologies that allow programs to self-execute without a central server. Although the block chain had inherent technical problems due to its slower processing speed and lack of internal decision-making capabilities than other technologies, and was not enough to be applied to various everyday situations, it is now becoming more likely as a general-purpose technology as these restrictive factors develop.

Ⅳ. Internet of Things

The Internet of Things is a new communication environment that can be connected to anything anytime, any‘where‘, and is a technology that solves the constraints of objects connecting humans and humans, objects and objects. Also, objects are equipped with sensors and computer technology to connect to the Internet and enable data exchange and interaction.

Ⅴ. Big Data

Big data technology usually takes care of solutions that process a wide variety of digital data at a fast pace. Big data is a concept that includes not only the amount of data but also the technology that processes and utilizes various types of data, and the scope of big data technology includes platform technologies such as data collection, storage, processing, and other technologies associated with it, and utilization technologies that create new insights and business value. Currently, it is expanding to improve the ability of real-time analysis, intelligence, predictive analysis technology, big data collection, processing, storage, and analysis technology.

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Ⅰ. Public domain

Public areas include public Sphere, public domain, public sector, etc. First of all, public Sphere is popular in the field of social science, which sees the public domain as a forum for voluntary, autonomous and reasonable debate outside the interests of individuals. In other words, it is an area that forms public opinion and also means the act of communication itself. It also has a tendency to be independent of the state or economic power. Public domain is a concept used primarily in the IT field and refers to information that anyone can copy or modify freely and use in any way or purpose. In other words, we can see that the content is free from copyright law. The public sector is an institution operated for public interest purposes with government support, including public corporations, quasi-government agencies and other public institutions.
The public domain refers to the public service sector provided for public interest purposes, such as services provided by the government or public sector with the support of taxes, etc. Specifically, the public sector includes areas that provide public services such as education, public administration, disaster and transportation facilities, environment, public welfare and social welfare. Public services play the following roles: The goods or services that the government produces and provides to citizens for the sake of improving the quality of life of citizens and for the public good, and the government is responsible for the supply, but the production is carried out by public institutions, such as public corporations and quasi-government organizations, or the private sector and non-profit organizations, which provide to citizens.

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Ⅰ. Age of Community Customized Services

Consumer-oriented approaches are required as e-government services increase, and due to these environmental changes and socio-economic systems, the public wants to receive various services. Accordingly, residents‘ living services suitable for the people‘s lives and local circumstances should be provided. In order to provide this, the central government, local governments, local residents and private enterprises should be the promoters, and the objectives of the promotion should be set on topics such as strengthening the competitiveness of local governments, narrowing gaps between regions, balanced regional development and improving the quality of life of local residents. In the case of targets for implementation, local governments‘ administrative processes, work, local economy, service base, living environment for local residents, and information service-based systems should be targeted. The promotion strategy shall be formulated with the task redesign of the integrated process, the development and promotion of regional characterization services, the development of safe and convenient services and the standardization of information service standards, the securing of interoperability and methods.

Ⅱ. Local Community Customized Community Life Support Services

Currently, community service is a form of support services for residents, mainly provided by central and local governments. The reason for this service was that the need to provide services by population characteristics such as women, the disabled, and children was raised due to the increase in demand for welfare due to changes in the social environment such as low birth rate, aging population, and social polarization, which was raised in a way that could properly meet the needs of people from various walks of life, and thus led to changes in the community service paradigm. The characteristic of resident life support services is that the policy goal is to establish an integrated service delivery system centered on consumers so that services can be delivered to those in need without duplication or omission, and the public‘s desire for social welfare has been complicated and diversified, public-private cooperation has been emphasized in terms of enhancing the efficiency of resource utilization, and private resources in the welfare area have been increased.

Ⅲ. Implications of Community Life Support Services

The following efforts are required for the commercialization and development of resident life support services. First of all, we need to evolve toward implementing and providing user-centric or customer-centric e-government services. In the meantime, the e-government implementation process has been insufficient to reflect the needs of the people, who are customers of the service, by establishing a supplier-oriented system. In order not to make the same mistake in the development and implementation of community e-government services, it is necessary to spread big data, the Internet of Things, and multi-channel in the future, and the service delivery method based on open platforms should be established as an important strategic project. It is also necessary to innovate the public service delivery system through various forms and channels so that public services can be provided to all people, including the vulnerable class in the community, and discourse and issues from various perspectives should be formed, including public management and mutual monitoring, autonomous control, optimization of regulation and deregulation.

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Ⅰ. Corona 19 Status

Corona19 provides an unprecedented experience for mankind throughout human society. The quick end of Corona 19 requires attempts to solve urban problems from a new perspective and the need to gather forces of collective intelligence to respond systematically. The crisis of public transportation caused by Corona19, contraction of the sharing economy, expansion of non-face-to-face decision-making methods, work and lifestyle changes have dampened demand for spaces such as traditional office spaces, restaurants and entertainment establishments, so new standards for the installation and operation of facilities for collective use should be prepared. Countermeasures against Corona19 should be set up to be faithful to the basic purpose and principles so as to enhance the public nature and legitimacy of urban planning, as was initiated in urban planning to solve the problems of public health, sanitation and environmental pollution. Therefore, an urban management method that minimizes disruption of urban functions, such as urban blockade, should be prepared as a long-term countermeasure based on the assumption that infectious diseases will become indigenous, and the polarization of the digital economic era should be resolved through consideration for the economically and socially disadvantaged in terms of urban policies, planning, and design.

Ⅱ. Policy Measures for the Resolution of Corona 19

To overcome this Corona19, the public sector needs the following efforts: First of all, urban planning considerations for basic living areas should be strengthened so that daily necessities can be purchased within walking distance. To this end, the government should actively utilize closed stores or idle public facilities, which will contribute to improving access to basic public and private services. Second, the utilization rate of public transportation shall be increased by expanding investment for the prevention of public transportation and strengthening of services. The reason for this is that without activating public transportation, transportation problems in large cities are practically impossible to solve. Third, new management standards should be prepared for changes in land use and types of use of facilities. For this purpose, the standards for the installation and operation of facilities that can allocate land use area by use or systematically respond to infectious diseases should be prepared. Finally, it is essential to actively embrace innovation accelerated by Corona 19 at the urban level, but to be considerate of the weak. To this end, we need to use various online methods to expand communication and provide policy consideration to those who are less prepared to participate.

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Ⅰ. A Study on the Development of Students in Modern Society

Students will have to live for a long time to come. In order to live well for a long time, one must not be swayed too much by the changes of the world and must keep one‘s own way. In the future, the world we have to live in will be computers in charge of knowledge, and people will have to be in charge of wisdom and creativity. The pursuit of happiness in this world requires the following efforts: First of all, education will have to be conducted in a way that is human-centered and emphasized in morality, thereby pursuing community values.

In order to overcome the current Corona19, it is love for the community and human beings. In order to realize this, citizens should actively utilize emergency disaster support funds and actively participate in solving problems. In addition, the government should show its love for the community and human beings who want to overcome Corona 19 by responding to the community values and gratitude to the underprivileged and compatriots.

Students need the following efforts to strengthen their capabilities and unleash these self-development capabilities at a time when there is a chaotic and opaque future like today. First of all, we must carry out the threefold principle of life. What this means is that students should try three times more than others in all self-discipline activities, including studying. Through this, some of their shares should be taken care of, and the rest of them should work hard to maintain and develop their own organizations.

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