London: Form Fragmentation to World City Promotion

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London's early growth

London over the last 20 years has experienced a dramatic change. London's world city role, London's new mayor formed a key element of the plan. Founded in 1960, the Southeast regional planning regional meetings every stand, the central government in the form of a Southeast regional policy guidelines for local produce, all local governments and other institutions had  to be next. Recent environmental sustainability in India and coping with the problems of congestion, in the face of European competition can promote the local economy. Thames Gateway in 2003 focused on this ambition of government subsidies, comprehensive plan for sustainable communities was collected for. Development Agency in the area and the local government and business representatives of voluntary organizations supervised by an assembly composed. They are also increasingly involved in regional planning.
New London Development Agency was born. However, the coordination of these agencies do not have a clear  mechanism. Governance is therefore a very complex area of London, and will not be adjusted. Control of the political leadership and strategic planning can even make it. Although institutional changes and debris from the United Kingdom since the 19th century, until recently devoted to the. London to find the appropriate government, from the local level of government shown a little interest in developing. Although the UK is a major institutional change since the 19th century and debris devoted to the government until recently. London government at the local level was not appropriate, but little attention to the development of the London government has not seen. London County Council (LCC) has been installed in 1888, at that time was completely up area to cover. However, the central financial district is a medieval form of government to maintain autonomy, and be managed by the City Corporation. The area is included in the international financial district and the city of London Corporation is still a big impact on strategic priorities. GLC-tier local government reform in accordance with the 32 autonomous regions were made with the City Corporation. London government took place following the 1986 reform. Motivation for change was political rather than administrative efficiency. After the abolition of the GLC in London metropolitan government was not in full. The power of the former GLC London Borough of low-tier or any kind of joint shape was assigned to the central government. London Planning Advisory Committee comprising representatives of the borough (LPAC) will prepare a strategic plan. However, the Advisory Committee is an advisory body only. The Strategic Planning Committee is currently in London guidelines for the courts, and the idea was presented to the central government. The ideology of non-intervention and institutional fragmentation, as a result of the abolition of the GLC listed in the following year took place very little strategic planning. After all of the increase in interest about the lack of overall vision and leadership, since the late 1980s, many accommodations for more co-operation has increased the pressure. By 1990, the central government to strengthen the competitiveness of London's more, the institutional structure of debris needs to be done in order to offset the accepted view. The central government in 1990 to strengthen the competitiveness of London and more debris institutional structure needs to be done in order to offset the accepted view. The net effect is caused by the central government by the representatives of big business sector was affected. Nevertheless, the market is clearly a priority for development and we will explore in detail later.

The power of London Authority

Employed by the GLC on the market compared to a few hundred thousand employees. GLA is a unique type of government that the entire city. We are one of the sides of the GLA should be more careful. The market is a powerful force that can have some, post has considerable visibility. Elected mayor of the central government and no political links. Freedom to act independently.

The private sector

The abolition of the GLC, the business sector had a major impact on the strategic policy. London's policy initiatives to ensure that the voice of business leaders thought the London Economic Development strategic difference to 'work as a' Business LED Board Settings "to set up for the purposes of the London Development Partnership.In the case of London's energy strategy in his agenda-setting stage in the influence of spending priorities. London Chamber of Commerce and the New London government's approach to development. They are to prepare for a major development site and the International Convention Centre, investment, transport and air quality and skill level in order to improve crime prevention and watched the market. Livingstone is the active participation of companies and business people , if any, to be successful , he said. Given the limited authority and budget market when it is put back his own resources and priorities to seek a potential partner is not surprising. The need for such a position in the market and the difficult relationship between the central government was strengthened by. Livingstone is a collaboration with the business 'market is the market of the interaction between the business office and is initially present in all stages of policy development, since the business and their ideas and share their priorities'that it. Consistent view of the business in the market and he is on the Business Advisory Forum mounting his ideas were clear that they wanted to see. So, since the establishment of the London Business Committee GLA increased importance. Inward investment in London and the London Development Partnership is focused on attracting visitors to established groups. The purpose of the report, the authorities in London to promote a new business in London's priority task was to make. And the authorities in London to attract more inward investment will focus on the improvement.

Big top

Not specified in the law in each policy area related to the policy committee representing a range of interests was meant. The criteria included in the fee people are clear and have been changed between each. However, the Environment Committee and the Policy Committee of the space development strategy, as well as some business people and professionals, and civil society has brought together an impressive range. SDS committee work groups of eight or more members had forty. Meeting is not disclosed. The committee includes a strong business element, but it is also an architect, academics, developers and civic associations, such as the pedestrian is included. The representation of the Environment Committee and the Black Environment Network and the London Tree Officers Association of the waste, as well as watch the National Health Insurance will be included in the London electricity. The entire city of London is a new form of government decision-making has brought a new relationship. However, open access and business advisory and confidential relationship between general and specific differences. We first priority scheme in the entire city of London in the method of formation need to be considered.

London plan

London mayor election commitments expressed in the political priorities of the plan was the starting point. Market has developed a document called the Declaration of London after the investment, different policies and political framework for the development of strategies that would be offered would be announced in 2000. The goal was to build a historical study. Political office market oriented tension can be generated. GLA staff will prepare a draft strategy, and they should be considered the General Assembly, undergo public consultation period. To understand the decision-making process is an important aspect. GLA in other parts of the organization, the role of each holding different decisions about a lot of the early work consists of experts ready capability. Council policies and strategies, and other styles of London's draft transport strategy and action plan for the environmental strategy progress. However, for all the work contract must be submitted to the office of mayor said. In contrast to the economic development of the draft produced by the LDA strategy is to get the car ride seem easy. London plan to determine the priority of the process was controlled by the highly political. Borough had too much influence. Reflect the agenda of the new market in recent years because they did not work on many of the technical-bureaucratic access is denied. Prepared under the supervision of outside experts deulwa market, and a new version of the London Plan has provided the basis for the development. The role of urban planning in the world market growth strategy to provide the required functionality. One of the most controversial policies in the market is the development of high-rise buildings that would allow increased. These developments and the diverse cultural heritage and history of the building height restrictions for the protection of view, was arrested in the past. However, dramatic architectural gestures are almost always marked his ball and leave the city. Also appealing to the local government. High-rise buildings in the central area of the promotion and development of Canary Wharf and the ongoing focus on Melbourne, all of London's world city plans in the future to allow space for functions and aims at ensuring clear. Market would seek the help of the private sector pointed out, but they are not clear how to finance.  And an increase in the economically active population is created for dealing with the problem of establishing a policy would. Spatial planning and social polarization in the direction of the global city highlights.

London's world city formation and inter-ministerial cooperation

London is a major theme of the plan is the need for interagency cooperation. GLA of the market but has a strong position within the organization, to deal with the outside world has a very weak force. The formation of their plans and the implementation of London's active participation in other organizations is needed. The center of the activity area of improvement is a key component of the market approach. CLP central London Metropolitan Police and Transport for local businesses, and other public institutions to be included in the scope. Priorities for CLP under pressure, to manage local and cooperation to manage the business and tourism environment of the United States led the model to be applied to the campaign. Improvement and expansion of the central area of the market and the development of regional policy cooperation between the central borough specific needs. Also includes a business partnership. Cooperative scheme is not limited to the central area. The central government requires that the recently enhanced by the initiative of the UK general functions of local government. City and Borough, as well as the ability to maintain, modernize government and the local government as part of a broad project has undergone significant changes. Everything in the city's growth strategy is driven by the business and the climate is appropriate, based on regional competitiveness in order to attract business investment capable of generating, urban regeneration will be achieved only in deprived areas of the market.

Conclusion

The new approach of community-based governance, accountability and the Blair government's ambition to reflect the plenty. London is also required to have leadership. But business is to set the strategic direction for the city and has a strong role. Partnership strategy is spreading, adjustment problems for the central area of London is a global city, overcomes the common focus. Business Council was treated in a simple business interests. London mayor argues that the current composition of different areas to create a company that grants should be fostered. The concept of global competitiveness plan clearly affects London. London is a world city planned to use the vocabulary of literature. London's strategic agenda for the business sector through the government had to adapt to the new structure of power. Instead of participating in the new GLA, the central government had to move some out of interest. Before the advent of the GLA, the business sector is trying to form a strategic agenda of the central government forged a close alliance.

It is the center of the city since 2000, the growth regime can be said to be evolving. Metropolitan government and more responsibility is transferred to the market, but the power of the nation-state is still the country plays a critical role in setting the direction.